scholarly journals THE ESSENCE OF A HUMAN BEING AND "OTHERWORLDLY": ETHICAL AND METAPHYSICAL VIEWS

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
А. Y. Morozov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Strong Version ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Mode Of Being

The article shows that the elimination of the metaphysical concepts of "essence", "nature", "transcendental" makes it impossible for a person to set apart the poles of "being" and "due". And therefore it makes impossible the ethics itself. The metaphysical apriorism can justify the latter. The approaches of positivism and historicism in the moral sciences both destroy the tradition of natural law, undermines the theoretical foundation of democracy and European universalism. It is noted that the basis for the disclosure of the essence of human is participation in the otherworldly realm (G. Hegel). In the experience of the latter, the transcendence of the daily mode of being, the rise of natural existence to the level of "supernatural" occurs. The otherworldly comes in two versions: the strong version of the non-world is the sacred mystery of the divine, and the weak one is the romanticized space of a fairy tale. The fairy serves as a substitute for the sacred in the post-enlightenment era and performs therapeutic and preventive functions in the treatment of the moral diseases of our time – cynical mind, individualism, relativism, cult of consumption. It is noted that the absence of the otherworldly as a meta-value in the cultural space of a modern secular person leads to the fall of the natural (essentially human) mode of existence to an unnatural level, in a state of dehumanization.

scholarly journals Three­Dimensional Modelling of Cultural Space

2014 ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Mikhail Ya. Saraf
Keyword(s):  
Community Building ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Modes Of Operation ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
The Third ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Mode Of Being ◽  
2D Model

Is based on understanding culture as a mode of being human. Deriving therefrom, the author defines five factors that determine a type of culture; those are relation to nature and modes of operation, community building, thinking and understanding. The content and structure of the latter may change depending on specific historical state of human society, namely pre­civilizational, civilizational and post­civilizational. This may be interpreted as a 2D model of cultural space. The third dimension is defined by coordinates of value and meaning; these are represented in sociocultural implications of a response given to the question as to what a human being is by different type of cultures.

scholarly journals Human Rights and Human Nature

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-534
Author(s):  
Jean Rhéaume
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Positive Law

At least two important consequences follow from the fact that human rights are based on human nature. First, they exist according to natural law even in cases where positive law does not recognize them. Secondly, they cannot evolve because the nature and purpose of the human being does not change: only their formulation and level of protection in positive law can vary according to the socio-historical context.

scholarly journals Перцептивное обозначение в  русской народной сказке

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Olga A. Mescheryakova
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Sense Organs ◽  
Cognitive Context ◽  
Other World ◽  
Subtype A

Perceptual notation in the Russian folk fairy-talePerceptual notation captures information received from different sense organs but predicated by the same consciousness of “a perceived human being”. In the cognitive context semantics of sensory nominations reflects elements of the perceptual concept. The fact that the verbalization of its facultative elements depends not only on the type of discourse folklore, genre a tale, but also on its subtype a fairy-tale is claimed to be a hypothesis of this research. It settles that in the Russian folk fairy-tale the semantics of perceptual notation is predicated by the opposition “real — irreal world” and the semantics element “fabulous, belonging to the other world” is a basis of the semantic content of the perceptual notation. Besides that, the perceptual semantics in this type of fairy tales correlates with the aesthetical, axiological views of the folklore community on nature and human beings, reconstructing the folk ideal or ant-ideal. Перцептивне означення у російській народній чарівнiй казціПерцептивне означення фіксує інформацію, що надходить від різних органів чуттів, але обумовлену єдиною свідомістю «людини сприймаючої». У когнітивному плані семантика номінацій сенсорики відображає ознаки перцептивного концепту. Те, що вербалізація його факультативних ознак залежить не тільки від типу дискурсу фольклор, жанру казка, але і від підвиду жанру чарівна казка, становить гіпотезу даного дослідження. Встановлюєть­ся що в російській народній чарівній казці семантика перцептивної номінації обумовлена опозицією «реальний- ірреальний світ» і семантична ознака ‘чудовий, що належить іншому світу’ є основою змісту перцептивного означення. Крім того, в даній групі казок перцептивна семантика співвідноситься з естетичними, аксіологічними поглядами фольклорного соціуму на природу і людину, реконструюючи народний ідеал або антиідеал.

Ethical Individualism, Natural Law, and the Primacy of Natural Rights

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-69
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Den Uyl ◽  
Douglas B. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Natural Rights ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
Moral World ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Human

Whether or not Strauss's observation is historically accurate, it does suggest two sets of questions for philosophical examination. (1) Is Strauss correct to view natural duties and natural rights as the same type of ethical concept? Do they serve the same function? Do they work on the same level, and are they necessarily in competition with each other? (2) Does saying that the individual human being is the center of the moral world require that one reject the idea of a human end, or telos? Does accepting the ethical centrality of a human telos require that one reject ethical individualism? Are they mutually exclusive?

scholarly journals The Image of God in Reformed Orthodoxy. Soundings in the Development of an Anthropological Key Concept

Perichoresis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Gijsbert van den Brink ◽  
Aza Goudriaan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Theological Anthropology ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Imago Dei ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Image Of God

Abstract One of the less well-researched areas in the recent renaissance of the study of Reformed orthodoxy is anthropology. In this contribution, we investigate a core topic of Reformed orthodox theological anthropology, viz. its treatment of the human being as created in the image of God. First, we analyze the locus of the imago Dei in the Leiden Synopsis Purioris Theologiae (1625). Second, we highlight some shifts of emphasis in Reformed orthodox treatments of this topic in response to the budding Cartesianism. In particular, the close proximity of the unfallen human being and God was carefully delineated as a result of Descartes’s positing of a univocal correspondence between God and man; and the Cartesian suggestion that original righteousness functioned as a barrier for certain natural impulses, was rejected. Third, we show how, in response to the denial of this connection, the image of God was explicitly related to the concept of natural law. Tying in with similar findings on other loci, we conclude that Reformed orthodox thought on the imago Dei exhibits a variegated pattern of extensions, qualifications, and adjustments of earlier accounts within a clearly discernable overall continuity.

scholarly journals La singularité en relation : la performance dans le théâtre et la société contemporains

Symbolon ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Anna Navrotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Contemporary Theater ◽  
And Function ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
Creative Capacity ◽  
Relational Network

This article addresses the question of consistent presence of “postdramatic” performative elements in contemporary theater staging. It considers artistic production and everyday behavior as two related processes supported by individual creative capacity inherent to every human being. Both an individual self in its day-to-day exchanges, and a theater character within a play are maintained by this capacity to process the unknown and function in the presence of the unpredictable. In the “postmodern” interrelated and multifaceted world this ability becomes crucial for an individual as well as for the society. It is made possible by a relational network created by continuous performative actions and relies on a cultural space relatively free of codified behavior that can be defined as liminal. Contemporary theater in its staging practices and in its active involvement of the spectator can arguably function as this liminal space indispensable for culture as a whole.

scholarly journals W. Morris’s tradition in J.R.R. Tolkien’s epic fantasy

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-510
Author(s):  
Zhamal Zh. Maratova ◽  
Tatiana V. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Original Writings ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Comparative Study

This article offers a comprehensive review of W. Morris influence on the epic fantasy of J.R.R. Tolkien. The purpose of the research is to reflect how Morris tradition influenced the development of Tolkiens fantastic prose - which later formed a separate subgenre of epic fantasy - and the whole fantasy genre. The objectives of the study include tracing the history of the development of fantastic element in literature - which served as a basis for the works of both authors - and finding poetological similarities and differences between W. Morris and J.R.R. Tolkien. The comparative study is based on the works of V. Gopman and K. Massey as well as on the original writings of Morris and Tolkien. The result of the study is the justification for W. Morris as the natural literary precursor of Tolkien. Based on the influence and partial borrowing of Morris imagery and motifs, Tolkin develops the theoretical foundation for the genre of magical fairy tale, which will later be called fantasy.

scholarly journals Individuality as Embodiment of Culture and the Problem of Inclusion: an Outsider’s Perspective

2015 ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
L. S. Chernyak
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Intuitive Notion ◽  
Human Individual ◽  
Mode Of Being

Human Individuality as Embodiment of Culture and the Problem of Inclusion: an Outsider’s Perspective (by Leon Chernyak). The article considers the problem of inclusion from the point of view of a philosopher working in the area of ontological anthropology. Proceeding from this ontological perspective, it argues that the notion of a human being as the embodiment of culture (and, consequently, of the human individual as an embodied entity) constitutes the major obstacle for the development of a theoretically consistent conceptual framework for the intuitive notion of inclusion of people with disabilities. The notion of a human individual as a corporeal (or bodily) entity is proposed as an alternative to the notion of human individual as an embodied entity. On the basis of the notion of the human individual as a corporeal (bodily) entity, the concept of culture as the only form of objectification of the human mode of being is proposed, and, in its turn, on the basis of this concept of culture the following concepts are formulated: health (the integrity of the organism), medical norm, and disease.

Readerly Fanaticism

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-113
Author(s):  
Ross Lerner
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
State Violence ◽  
The State ◽  
State Sovereignty ◽  
Human Being

Chapter 3 provides a case study for what the poets of fanaticism were resisting: polemics that foreclosed rather than dwelled within the questions opened up by fanaticism. The greatest Renaissance philosopher of state sovereignty, Hobbes took fanaticism to be the constant threat at the “outworks” of his theory of the state and human personhood—a threat that needed to be destroyed by state violence. Hobbes offered a new concept of fanaticism as a product of passionate reading and cognitive breakdown in order to drain both religious value and political significance from beliefs that do not encourage obedience to the state. In contrast to Donne, Hobbes reinterpreted Samson and Christ to exclude religious justifications of rebellion or self-sacrifice. Yet Hobbes’s battle against the fanatics led him into a supreme difficulty: his belief in self-preservation as the foundation of both human being and natural law made it impossible for him to see Jesus as anything but a self-annihilating fanatic.

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