scholarly journals PHILOSOPHICAL CONNOTATIONS OF THE LEADERSHIP PHENOMENON

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
S. M. Heiko ◽  
O. D. Lauta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Organization Sociology ◽  
The Ideal

The article focuses on the phenomenon of leadership in philosophical discourse. Philosophical retrospection of the concept of "leadership" as a philosophical phenomenon and its systematic analysis is carried out. Philosophical connotations of the phenomenon of leadership in the dynamics of social and political processes of modern times are being defined. In modern society, the well-formed image of leaders of organizations, movements and etcetera an important role. Leadership is a universal phenomenon of social life. It is present in any sphere of human activity that requires stratification: the separation of leaders and subordinates, leaders and followers. In modern science, where there is a commonality of initial positions, leadership is characterized by ambiguity: as a social relationship of domination and subordination in a group or organization (sociology); as a characteristic of the figure of a leader and its impact on others (psychology); as effective and successful innovations in business, dominance in enterprise performance (economy); as developing vision, decision-making, empowerment and direction of people towards specific goals (management); as a process of human interaction in which authoritative people wield real power, exerting legitimate influence on a society that voluntarily gives them part of its political power and rights (political science). The essence of leadership reveals its numerous concepts and theories that have evolved in the history of philosophy and social philosophy. Classical theorists tried to understand and develop the ideal concepts of leadership. Modern researchers are not analyzing the ideal of leadership, but what it is. The philosophical understanding of leadership can be seen, first, as a form of power held by one individual or group of individuals; secondly, as a social position of decision-making; thirdly, as an influence on others.

Esteem and self-esteem as an interweaving polarity. Max Weber´s analysis from the Protestant ethic to the ideal-type of politician

Human Affairs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364
Author(s):  
Cristiana Senigaglia
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Protestant Ethic ◽  
Social Reputation ◽  
Conduct Of Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

AbstractAlthough Max Weber does not specifically analyze the topic of esteem, his investigation of the Protestant ethic offers interesting insights into it. The change in mentality it engendered essentially contributed to enhancing the meaning and importance of esteem in modern society. In his analysis, Weber ascertains that esteem was fundamental to being accepted and integrated into the social life of congregations. Nevertheless, he also highlights that esteem was supported by a form of self-esteem which was not simply derived from a good social reputation, but also achieved through a deep and continual self-analysis as well as a strict discipline in the ethical conduct of life. The present analysis reconstructs the different aspects of the relationship between social and self-esteem and analyzes the consequences of that relationship by focusing on the exemplary case of the politician’s personality and ethic.

scholarly journals Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Rekomendasi Pemberian Remisi Pada Narapidana Menggunakan Metode Topsis (Studi Kasus Pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Klas II-A Palu)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
A.Y. Erwin Dodu ◽  
Yusuf Anshori ◽  
Dennis Tandi Limbong
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Multicriteria Decision Making ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Ideal Solution ◽  
Correctional Institution ◽  
Leadership Skill ◽  
Order Preference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Ideal

Remission is a reduction of criminal punishment given to prisoners who have been regulated in the laws of the Republic of Indonesia. The process of giving scores to inmates in Class IIA Palu Correctional Institution with certain criteria aims to facilitate the employees of Palu Class IIA to get recommendation of remission of prisoners. The decision support system in this research uses Technique for Order Preference method by Similiarity to Ideal Solution ( TOPSIS) which is one of the multicriteria decision-making methods, where the basic idea of this method is that the chosen alternative has the closest distance to the ideal solution and the furthest from the ideal negative solution. In determining the inmates who receive remission recommendation in Correctional Institution Class IIA Palu there are 6 criteria which become the basis of decision making such as health condition, special skill and leadership skill, social life, never breaking order and not being a recidivist. The final result in this study is the result of calculation of proximity relative to the ideal solution that is sorted from the highest value to the lowest value so that employees of Correctional Institution Class IIA can easily take a decision on remission recommendations by looking at the results of the sorting

scholarly journals MODERN APPROACHES TO THE CRITIQUE OF POSITIVISM

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
STANISLAV POCHEBUT
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Will To Power ◽  
Epistemology Of Science ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Methodological Principles

Modern epistemology of science has carried out a strong criticism of the domi-nant views of the positivist and neo-positivist model of knowledge and actual-ly undermined its authority. At the turn of several centuries, the positivist posi-tion has been experiencing significant theoretical and methodological difficul-ties in explaining the nature of social life and the prospects for socio-historical development. Because of this, the study of modern approaches to criticism of such areas as positivism, with a special indication of the importance of social and humanitarian knowledge for understanding the processes taking place in modern society, is of particular importance. The present research is based on the accepted in social philosophy analysis methods of primary sources and re-search literature. Over a long period of time, the predominance of the mecha-nistic, materialistic and deterministic view of the world, the introduction of cal-culation, measurement and accuracy as the basic methodological principles of science, armed with the postulation of quantitatively defined entities, formed no less characteristic social ethics. Abstract schemes, formalist methods, uni-versal ideas and concepts subordinated all to the identical logic of the Autono-mous subjective mind and its basic predicate – the intellectualist will to power. The twenty-first century, together with its strong criticism of positivism in many of its manifestations, clearly proves to us, through a profound analysis of positivist approaches, that the reality around us is much closer to chaos than to space. Thus, the result of the study is the designation of the special im-portance of social and humanitarian knowledge in the XXI century for the study of the processes taking place in society, while recognizing the inability of the exact Sciences to describe social actions. Being opposite in the method of approaches to the study of society, they coincide in the goal, which is to achieve a state of non-duality – the lack of separation into the subject and the object of the exhaustion of self. The author considers such experience to be the limit for human existence simultaneously with the statement of its chaotic and non-deterministic nature in development.

تطبيق الأنالاتيكس لإدارة الدراسات الإسلامية الجامعية وتقييمها وتطويرها: دراسة تأصيلية تحليلية Applying Analytics in the Management, Assessment, and Development of Tertiary Islamic Studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-125
Author(s):  
عصام التجاني محمد إبراهيم
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Unstructured Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Modern Computer

الملخّصالأنالاتيكس هو علم يمكن الحاسوب من اتخاذ القرار المبني علي حقائق مأخوذة من التحليل المنهجي للبيانات. وهو يعد من أحدث ماتوصل إليه العلم الحديث وتكنلوجيا المعلومات، حيث يتمُّ من خلاله فحص البيانات، المهيكلة، وغير المهيكلة، المتوفرة في الشبكة الدولية (Internet)، والشبكات الخاصة (Intranet)، وتحليلها وفهمها بواسطة البرامج الحاسوبية الحديثة لفهم النصوص والصور والأصوات، وتحويلها تلقائياً إلى أرقام ومعلومات، وتنبؤات، واتخاذ قرارات بناءً عليها. هذا البحث يضع خارطة طريق لاستخدام الأنالاتيكس الأكاديمي في الجامعات والكليات الإسلامية ليكون مرجعاً للجودة الشاملة، والاعتماد الأكاديمي، وذلك من خلال تعريف هذه الأنواع، وشرح فوائدها، وبيان عيوبها ومخالفاتها الشرعية، وعرض بعض النماذج لتطبيقاتها، وبيان الرؤية القرآنية لتطبيق الصالح منها، مع مراعاة خصوصية الدراسات الإسلامية.الكلمات المفتاحيّة: الأنالاتيكس، الأكاديمي، التعليمي، التحديّات، الجامعة.             AbstractAnalytics is a science that enables computers to make decisions based on the facts taken from the systematic analysis of data. It is one of the latest developments in modern science and information technology. Structured and unstructured data available in the Internet and intranet are analysed by modern computer programs to understand texts, images, and sounds, and automatically converts to numerical data to be used in forecasts and decision-making. This research presents a roadmap for the use of analytics in universities and Islamic colleges as a reference for TQM and academic accreditation. It defines the various types of analytics, their benefits and flaws. The paper presents models for the application of analytics and explains the Qur’anic view on its positive application in the context of Islamic studies.Keywords: Analytics, Academic, Education, Challenges, University.

scholarly journals Novel Reflections on the Autonomy and Responsibility of Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Hempel
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Research ◽  
Research Misconduct ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Contemporary Science ◽  
Responsibility Of Science ◽  
Scientific Ethos ◽  
The Ideal

This paper explores how cultural understandings of the autonomy and responsibility of science in modern society are manifested in two contemporary science novels about research misconduct in biomedical research. In doing so, it looks at several facets of the societal impact of and on public and private biomedical research, especially with respect to changing authority relations and their epistemic and institutional consequences. The analysis focuses on the multi-layered ways in which social and epistemic interests are treated in Allegra Goodman’s Intuition and Jennifer Rohn’s The Honest Look. Goodman’s novel demonstrates how, intensified by the economization of science, internal cultural and institutional aspects of the scientific field enable social configurations that, among others, encourage scientific malpractice and lead to the delay of research projects epistemically and socially worth pursuing. In contrast, Rohn’s novel exemplifies the corrosion of the ideal scientific ethos by profit-driven practices in private-sector biomedical sciences. The concluding discussion juxtaposes these findings with pertinent contemporary phenomena in modern science systems to provide a more substantial understanding of the interpenetration between science and other social spheres.

scholarly journals Value-Based Crisis in the Modern World. Social and Philosophical Aspect

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
L. A. Gaynutdinova ◽  
A. V. Skorobogatko
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Philosophical Aspect ◽  
Material Values ◽  
The Ideal

Modern Society is in the deep value-based crisis. This crisis have taken place already some time ago and is linked to a process of corruption of traditional values and transition to the new forms of cooperation of the actors of social and political processes and relations between the state and the society. There are many reasons for the modern crisis. They are: planetary sized transition to the information-oriented society, that led to destruction of value-based positions; appearance of the new leaders on the political stage; escalation of the conflict between civilizations that is well seen in inadequate interpenetration of their values and cultures; understanding of the fact that values-based orientations of so called “free” market are not absolute and cannot be used for all purposes and etc. This happens because beside the material values in the society are also consider as important the values of the ideal sides of the life such as culture, religion, way of living and a lot of other things that make up an important part of civilizational basic principles of society. Why did consumptionism that was so much raised by modern liberals still not become the highest value in most societies thou it is the key element for development of the economic policy of the state? Is it possible also taking into account analyses of value-based crises to forecast the forks of the evolution of the modern world?

scholarly journals PROCESSO POLÍTICO COMO CONSTRUÇÃO DEMOCRÁTICA: UMA DISCUSSÃO ACERCA DOS PROCESSOS ELEITORAIS FORMADOS POR APENAS UMA CANDIDATURA

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 747-770
Author(s):  
José Renato Gaziero Cella ◽  
Lucas Augusto Da Silva Zolet ◽  
Rafael Copetti
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Sustainable Policy ◽  
Consensus Models ◽  
Democratic Dialogue ◽  
Deductive Method

Este trabalho, guiado por estudo de caso que orienta a utilização de método hipotético-dedutivo, propõe o estudo acerca do problema dos processos políticos eleitorais formados por apenas uma candidatura, notadamente no Brasil, sobretudo fazendo uma contraposição com o dever de respeito aos pressupostos dos processos políticos democráticos como hipótese alinhada à Democracia. Defende-se que estes modelos singulares não contribuem para um possível desenvolvimento dos cenários políticos sustentáveis. A hegemonia de pequenos grupos e a ausência de uma perspectiva real de participação nas tomadas de decisões é um perigoso espaço para abuso do poder político. A relevância deste trabalho, portanto, funda-se no pressuposto de que as práticas democráticas não podem ser baseadas em modelos de suposto consenso, mas no reconhecimento do elemento do desacordo coletivo como circunstância política de diálogo democrático acerca das principais questões da vida social. O desacordo como ideal da Democracia permite o efetivo direito de escolha, projeta a cidadania e o desenvolvimento das liberdades como defesa das diferentes composições ideológicas da comunidade.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Democracia; Desacordo; Processo Político Democrático; Robert Dahl.POLITICAL PROCESS AS DEMOCRATIC CONSTRUCTION: A DISCUSSION ABOUT THE ELECTORAL PROCESS FORMED ONLY ONE APPLICATIONABSTRACTThis work, guided by case study that guides the use of hypothetical-deductive method, proposes the study of the problem of electoral political processes formed by only one application, notably in Brazil, especially making a contrast with the duty to respect the assumptions of democratic political processes as chance aligned with Democracy. It is argued these unique models will not contribute to the possible development of sustainable policy scenarios. The hegemony of small groups and the absence of a real prospect of participation in decision-making is a dangerous space for abuse of political power. The relevance of this work, therefore, is based on the assumption that the democratic practices cannot be based on a supposed consensus models, but in recognition of the element of collective disagreement as democratic dialogue of political circumstances on the main issues of social life. Disagreement as ideal of Democracy allows the effective right to choose, designs citizenship and the development of freedoms and defense of the different ideological compositions of the community.KEYWORDS: Democracy; Disagreement; Democratic Political Processes; Robert Dahl.

scholarly journals Reforming the system of public governance as a basis for the development of modern Ukrainian society

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Oksana Parkhomenko-Кutsevil
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Public Administration Reform ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The problems of reforming modern society are actualized in connection with the transformation processes of the globalization world, the change in the management paradigm, the conceptual foundations of the development of modern public administration. Reform processes are inherent in Ukrainian society, because reform has been ongoing since the day of independence of the country until now. Many reforms have been started, but not completed, so the issue of systematic analysis of reform problems as a process of innovative development of life of Ukrainian society is becoming relevant. Reforming is the process of changing certain mechanisms, processes, elements, tools to improve and streamline certain components. The reform process is a complex process that involves change, modernization, improvement, transformation, and development of certain social life functions in accordance with the requirements of modern world society. The article substantiates that all reforms are implemented under a specific political project, so the basic requirement for reforming the modern life of society should be the concept of reform for a certain period. The following concepts should be defined in the mentioned concept. First, conducting a systematic analysis of previous reforms. Second, the priority areas of society that need to be reformed are identified. Third, the rationale for the main mechanisms for implementing reforms, including: regulatory, organizational, institutional, information, etc. Fourth, the justification of the financial plan for reform, which provides not only the financial cost for the years of implementation of this reform, but also in determining the financial impact of the reform and the possibility of optimizing financial resources. Fifth, determining the need for staffing potential for reforming in certain spheres of society, determining the need to involve foreign specialists, analysts, reform specialists and more. It is the cadres who play an important role in the effective implementation of reforms, which depend on the quality of the reforms and public administration decisions. Therefore, this is a key point in the Concept. Sixth, to determine the effects of the implementation of this Concept, in particular, to identify the positive and negative impacts, as well as to analyze the possibilities and limitations. This will make it possible to amend the elements of the reform package in the future in order to achieve results. Seventh, responsibility for poor or timely implementation of the activities of the Concept.

scholarly journals What is Society’s Nominative Language? Philosophical Analysis of Social Theory of E. Rosenstok-Huessy

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Andrej Makarov ◽  
◽  
Ilya Seleznev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Theory ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
European Culture ◽  
The Social

The article presents an analysis of the social aspect of language based on the methodological ideas of E. Rosenstock-Huessy. The approach of the sophist to the analysis of social phenomena is based on the idea of an inextricable connection between the processes of thinking, speech, and communication, which are founded in language. Language is considered by the philosopher not only as a semantic structure, but also as a force that changes people and society. Such a speech approach to the analysis of society outlines some possible ways out of the social crisis in which modern European culture finds itself. Rosenstock-Huessy understands the power of language from a dialogical point of view as the power of speech, capable of establishing long-term and free relations between people. Embedded in the process of dialogical thought of the twentieth century, the philosophy of Rosenstock-Huessy seeks to overcome the language of Modern science, which reduced the human personality to an impersonal subject of knowledge. Criticizing the entire Western philosophical tradition for its monologue and striving for "pure" knowledge, Rosenstock-Huessy sees the goal of thinking in dialogic speech, transforming both the speaker and the listener. Rosenstock-Huessy introduces the original concept of the name into philosophical circulation. The name in his social theory is an intermediary between language and society, providing the processes of normal social communication. In this regard, the authors of the article consider it useful for social philosophy and sociology to introduce the concept of "nominative social practices": this concept makes it possible to clarify the role of imperative speech in the processes of socialization. As a result of studying the social philosophy of the thinker, the authors propose the concept of "nominative language" as a system of social names and nominative practices. The relevance of addressing the nominative language of society is determined, according to the authors, by its social problems, in particular, by the dysfunction of names in modern society.

PHILOSOPHICAL PROPAEDEUTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Gan N.Yu. ◽  
Ponomareva L.I. ◽  
Obukhova K.A.
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Problems ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Training

Today, worldview, spiritual and moral problems that have always been reflected in education and upbringing come to the fore in society. In this situation, there is a demand for philosophical categories. One of the priority goals of education in modern conditions is the formation of a reasonable, reflexive person who is able to analyze their actions and the actions of other people. Modern science is characterized by an understanding of the absolute value and significance of childhood in the development of the individual, which implies the need for its multilateral study. In the conditions of democratization of all spheres of life, the child ceases to be a passive object of education and training, and becomes an active carrier of their own meanings of being and the subject of world creation. One of the realities of childhood is philosophizing, so it is extremely timely to address the identification of its place and role in the world of childhood. Children's philosophizing is extremely poorly studied, although the need for its analysis is becoming more obvious. Children's philosophizing is one of the forms of philosophical reflection, which has its own qualitative specificity, on the one hand, and commonality with all other forms of philosophizing, on the other. The social relevance of the proposed research lies in the fact that children's philosophizing can be considered as an intellectual indicator of a child's socialization, since the process of reflection involves the adoption and development of culture. Modern society, in contrast to the traditional one, is ready to "accept" a philosophizing child, which means that it is necessary to determine the main characteristics and conditions of children's philosophizing.

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