Some Latent Consequences of Bureaucratic Efficiency in Disaster Relief

1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellwyn Stoddard
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Disaster Studies ◽  
Bureaucratic Efficiency ◽  
Relief Organizations ◽  
Popular Image ◽  
Efficient Distribution

An ever-expanding number of voluntary organizations have been created in recent decades to aid catastrophe victims. This proliferation of new groups, added to already existing relief organizations, has made the coordination of disaster relief increasingly difficult. Moreover, competitive spirit is fostered by the need of each to maintain a popular image of success and compassion since public reactions to their operations determine to a great extent how much financial support they can expect. But definitions of success may differ. A relief official may measure success in terms of the efficient distribution of a determined amount of food, clothing, shelter and services to those most in need. Yet material relief of this sort need not be the criterion of a successful relief operation from the victim's point of view. Most disaster studies fail to distinguish clearly between self-evaluation from within an organization and attitudes of those persons for whom the services are intended. It is my purpose here to clarify this distinction and to examine in some detail the effectiveness of two contrasting relief agencies. It is further anticipated that findings and concIusions from this study can be used to develop more effective methods for distributing disaster relief or for administering other welfare and relief programs.

lmost all estimates of the figure of Alexander Solzhenitsyn are not related to literary criticism. Most studies evaluate his role, intentions and results. His figure is assessed in the context of the fate of the country, public perception and attitude to the country, which is Motherland for some, and mental and political enemy for the others. And for this purpose it is not even important who is right from the historical and political point of view. The point is who and how perceived the USSR and the entire Soviet project. Solzhenitsyn is seen as the enemy of the USSR and the Soviet project by those who popularized and helped him, and also according to his self-evaluation. Therefore, for those who identify themselves with the Soviet Union, its heritage and the entire Soviet project Solzhenitsyn represents the enemy and bearer of evil. For those who are hostile to the Soviet Union and the Soviet project, Solzhenitsyn is an ally in their struggle and bearer of good. Which of these parties is right is the issue of history and morality. 66% of Russian citizens support the first point of view, and the second point of view is supported by 25% of the population. Nowadays 88 % of Russian citizens know who Solzhenitsyn was. 31% consider him to be moral authority for them. 8% of the people believe that Solzhenitsyn presented true facts in his books.

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 260-275
Author(s):  
Victor V.  Aksyuchits
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Moral Authority ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The People ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia

In the article the author studies the formation process of Russian intelligentsia analyzing its «birth marks», such as nihilism, estrangement from native soil, West orientation, infatuation with radical political ideas, Russophobia. The author examines the causes of political radicalization of Russian intelligentsia that grew swiftly at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries and played an important role in the Russian revolution of 1917.

Essential Lessons in a Potential Sarin Attack Disaster Plan for a Resource-Constrained Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew John Watermeyer ◽  
Nicole Dippenaar ◽  
Nelly Clotildea Tchouambou Simo ◽  
Sean Buchanan ◽  
Abdullah Ebrahim Laher
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Weapon ◽  
Resource Constrained ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Disaster Plan ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Rapid Deployment ◽  
Relief Organizations ◽  
Fast Acting

AbstractSarin is a potent nerve agent chemical weapon that was originally designed for military purposes as a fast-acting anti-personnel weapon that would kill or disable large numbers of enemy troops. Its potent toxicity, ease of deployment, and rapid degradation allow for rapid deployment by an attacking force, who can safely enter the area of deployment a short while after its release. Sarin has been produced and stockpiled by a number of countries, and large quantities of it still exist despite collective agreements to cease manufacture and destroy stockpiles. Sarin’s ease of synthesis, which is easily disseminated across the Internet, increases the risk that terrorist organizations may use sarin to attack civilians. Sarin has been used in a number of terrorist attacks in Japan, and more recently in attacks in the Middle East, where nonmilitary organizations have led much of the disaster relief and provision of medical care. In the present article, we examine and discuss the available literature on sarin’s historical use, delivery methods, chemical properties, mechanism of action, decontamination process, and treatment. We present a management guideline to assist with the recognition of an attack and management of victims by medical professionals and disaster relief organizations, specifically in resource-constrained and austere environments. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:249–256)

scholarly journals ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINOPHILE EMIGRANTS FROM SUBCARPATHIAN RUS IN THE PROTECTORATE OF BOHEMIA AND MORAVIA

Rusin ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 183-202
Author(s):  
O.G. Kazak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Support ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Unsuccessful Attempt ◽  
National Archives ◽  
Internal Affairs

The article discusses the main activities of Ukrainophiles from Subcarpathian Rus, which after an unsuccessful attempt to proclaim an independent Ukrainian state and occupation of the region by Hungarian troops (March 1939) ended up in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The author draws on the documents of the Archive of the President’s Office (letters and memoranda of former members of A. Voloshin’s autonomous cabinet to the Protectorate President E. Hacha with requests for financial support), the Hungarian National Archives (report of the police department of Uzhhorod to the Eighth Department Hungarian Ministry of Internal Affairs about the correspondence of A. Voloshin with Ukrainophile figures in Subcarpathian Rus). Having analysed various sources, the author concludes about the failure of the most initiatives of Ukrainian emigrants (creation of a developed network of pro-Ukrainian emigrant organizations in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, attempts to obtain financial support from the Protectorate authorities for former officials of the Carpathian Ukraine, interference in public life in Subcarpathian Rus occupied by Hungary, contacts with official Berlin). The authorities of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia rightly suspected Ukrainophile emigrants of anti-state positions (from the point of view of the Czechs); the elite of Nazi Germany did not consider A. Voloshin and his supporters as equal strategic partners. The attempts of Ukrainophiles living in the Protectorate to create a network of their sympathizers in Subcarpathian Rus were suppressed by the Hungarian police.

scholarly journals Curso Breve de Competências de Comunicação Clínica: Estudo Multicêntrico

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Franco ◽  
Renato Franco ◽  
Milton Severo ◽  
Maria Amélia Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Simulated Patients ◽  
Clinical Communication ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Overall Evaluation ◽  
Multiple Choice Questionnaire ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Introduction: This paper describes and analyses the results of a multicenter course on clinical communication skills with the use of thelearning in small groups, patient actors and feedback. The aim of the course was to encourage participants to develop a more effective clinical communication to recognize the different manifestations of the same disease in different patients (disease versus illness).Material and Methods: The course was applied to third and fourth year medical students in three Brazilian universities and one university in Portugal. The evaluation was performed using scales regarding the participants’ point of view, multiple choice questionnaire, a self-efficacy and attitudinal questionnaire.Results: The study was conducted in 69 participants at the four universities. The overall evaluation of the course (from 1 - 5) was 4.70(SD 0.494), the self-evaluation on participation was 4.07 (SD 0.671); and the evaluation about the use of simulated patients 4.51 (SD 0.501). The multiple choice questionnaire and self-efficacy scale showed significant improvement.Discussion: The course methods had an excellent evaluation by students regardless of the context in which the course has been applied. Furthermore, it allowed an improvement on the knowledge and attitude of students regarding clinical communication.Conclusion: It was possible to develop a multi-centric learning strategy for clinical communication with a high evaluation by students who came from a Portuguese university in a cooperation project with teachers from Brazilian universities.

scholarly journals Employability of Nursing Care Graduates

Organizacija ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Donik ◽  
Majda Pajnkihar ◽  
Mojca Bernik
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Self ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Average Grade

Abstract Starting points: In Slovenia, the higher education institution for nursing started exploring employability opportunities in nursing care in connection with the achievement of competencies from students’ and employers’ point of view. This article highlights the importance of monitoring nursing graduates’ employability. Its aim is to examine the employability of nursing care graduates based on the self-evaluation of competences obtained during the last study year and to establish a link between the self-evaluation of competences and students’ academic performance. Methodology: A questionnaire was distributed to full and part time nursing care students attending the last study year at five different healthcare/health sciences faculties in Slovenia and to employers (healthcare institutions) where the majority of nursing care graduates finds employment. We examined the level of competence achieved by nursing students and the level of competences required by employers. The sample included a total of 485 students. 194 surveys were returned, which represent a 40 percent response. We used Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for each individual joined competence. Further, we compared employability skills of students and employers with Mann-Whitney and Wilcox rank-sum test. For correlation between two variables we used Spearman correlation analysis. Results: The Mann-Whitney and Wilkson Rank test show that employers generally assess competences with a higher average grade in comparison to students and these differences are statistically significant. By applying the Spearman correlation analysis, we established that a statistically significant weak correlation may be observed between the “average grade” and “competences” variables. Discussion and conclusion: Our findings show that a continuous monitoring of general and subject-specific competences gained by students, along with a periodic verification of competences demanded by employers, is necessary. It is very important to monitor the requirements of the labour market in terms of ongoing communication with employers who can best estimate special knowledge needs.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR CLIMATE SECURITY MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1040
Author(s):  
E.N. Yakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
State Paternalism

In the 21st century, climate change is becoming a key constraint on the sustainable development of industries, regions, countries, and the world community as a whole. Climate risk management therefore requires increased financial support, both to compensate for the damage caused by hydrometeorological hazards and to implement policies to reduce anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to changes. The article examines the main sources of financing for climate security management in Russia and foreign countries. Their positive aspects and problems of practical use have been identified. Each financial instrument is considered from the point of view of regulatory influence on subjects of market economy and climate risks. It has been shown that a number of elements of fiscal policy used on an ongoing basis or as an experiment in Russia require refinement or replacement. Practical recommendations for improving the situation are proposed, including the use of innovative tools for our country (climate innovation bank, weather and temperature options, etc.). The author's recommendations are aimed at changing the vector of climate regulation from state paternalism to the application of entrepreneurial initiative by creating effective market incentives. The result will be not only a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions and energy intensity of the economy, but also an increase in profitability and competitiveness, the investment attractiveness of organizations, territorial entities, the country, as well as an increase in the employment and well-being of the population and national wealth of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Issues Related to the Loans Action in the Opinions of the Customers and the Employees of a Commercial Bank - United Bank S.C. in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-57
Author(s):  
Piotr Feliks Borowski ◽  
Sufa Gemechu Balcha ◽  
Mahteme Girma
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Bank ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Unlimited Access ◽  
Depth Interviews

The development of the economy in generał and the firms development in particular depend on easy and unlimited access to financial support. The aim of this research is to investigate the cooperation between United Bank and firms in the loans field. Moreover, research indicates that the strengths and weaknesses of the loan process come from the staff as well as from customers’ point of view. The value of the research is due to the information gained from direct access to real cases from bank activities and from conducted interviews with both sides involved in the loan process. Individual in-depth interviews and ąuestionnaire are the formal mechanisms for gathering sensitive information.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Insight into Gendered Vulnerabilities: A Case Study of the Shishper GLOF in Hunza Valley, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8798
Author(s):  
Zainab Khalid ◽  
Xing-Min Meng ◽  
Abda Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Disaster Studies ◽  
Traditional Norms

Gendered vulnerability from women’s point of view has gained popularity in disaster studies in recent decades especially in the Global South. The positioning of women in society during normal times gives rise to vulnerabilities that are revealed when a disaster strikes. These vulnerabilities are often deep-rooted in societal makeup, cultural and traditional norms, and the economic fabric of society. In the context of Pakistan, the role of women in disaster risk reduction programs is still an under-researched area. In this paper, the gendered vulnerability progression in one of the mountain rural communities of Hassanabad in Hunza Valley (Northern Pakistan) is analyzed post-Shishper glacier lake outburst flood (GLOF) in 2019 and 2020. The study uses empirical qualitative data. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with men and women of different age groups within Hassanabad village. A thematic gendered analysis unveiled several interlinked social, economic, and institutional vulnerabilities. The gendered transitional phase of Hassanabad society positively indicates women’s involvement in different spheres of life, including disaster management and mitigation. However, the lack of gender consideration on a formal institutional level exacerbates the gendered vulnerabilities in Hassanabad village. The case study of Hassanabad demonstrated that women not only have an awareness of hazards but are also willing to participate proactively in disaster mitigation activities. Therefore, to reduce community vulnerability and yield long-term positive outcomes of disaster management and mitigation strategies, women must be involved at the formal institutional levels.

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