scholarly journals CAUCASUS: HIGHLANDERS, COSSACKS AND NATIONAL MINORITIES (SECOND HALF OF 1930s – 1945)

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-57
Author(s):  
Nikolai F. BUGAI
Keyword(s):  
Actual State ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Event Series ◽  
Forced Relocation ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. Forced relocation in the life of states is a mechanism for implementing state measures, but not its policy. The concept of “repressive policy” is also a failed brand of the time of the 1990s. in the context of heightened feelings in society. No state can call its policy “repressive”. Therefore, when using such a statement, it would be appropriate to consider the possibility of combining verbal generalization with reality. The purpose of the article is to summarize the transformations that the mountain population and the Russian Cossacks underwent, living together for centuries in the North Caucasus.Methods. The region is distinguished by its specificity: multinationality, multi-confessional, rich event series, the difficulties of the conditions of social development, the historical process. In this connection, consideration of the presented problem from different angles is valuable: time limits related to the pre-war and wartime situations, existing assessments of the actual state of affairs under the Stalinist regime, which resorted to the use of such a principle as managing the development of society internationalism. He suggested the use of measures of compulsory order, the strict subordination of peoples and groups of the population. All this necessitated the involvement of a wider range of research methods: historicism, chronological, juxtaposition, balance, and others. This is confirmed by the outlined illustrative material.Results. In the proposed article, on the example of the regions of the Caucasus of Russia and partially of the Transcaucasus, the results and consequences of such punitive measures as forced relocation of citizens and peoples, deportation of population groups are traced. It is based on the principle of resettlement on the eve and during the war of 1941-1945 in the USSR, identifying the reasons for the use of these inhuman, immoral inherently methods of manipulation and punitive actions in relation to the individual. Among them is the formation of a bifurcation state, the attitude of the population towards the state and the authorities. The statistical data that caused the death of the population for this reason are given.Conclusions. The solution of the problem is possible only under the condition of a generalized presentation of the material of the noted processes, both in relation to a group of peoples, and to the Cossacks in the chronological framework of the study. This is the possibility of identifying a certain inconsistency in the assessments of the true situation in the region in the 1940s., and the need to conduct various kinds of sweeps. However, this contradicted measures to consolidate society, contributed to the emergence of a deep divide between power and nations, regardless of their nationality, aggravating the social position of ethnic communities without it in the prewar and wartime conditions of the 1940s. It is definitely necessary to equip the community of nations in such a way that such measures never find application in practice. 

scholarly journals A Valor-Bonded Unity: Participation of Ethnic Minorities’ Representatives in the Battles for Kuban and Crimea (1941–1943)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Ф. Бугай
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The North ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units

В статье на основе исследований российских ученых, архивных документов, воспоминаний рассматривается слабо изученная в отечественной историографии проблема участия представителей этнических меньшинств в битвах за Кавказ и Крым в ходе Великой Отечественной войны. В качестве примера автором избраны этнические общности курдов и корейцев. Использованы историко-генетический, историко-биографический и системно-исторический методы. Изучены меры советского командования по формированию национальных воинских подразделений; реконструированы биографии героев войны – корейцев и курдов, участвовавших в освобождении Юга России и получивших боевые награды; прослежена их послевоенная судьба; рассмотрены репрессивные действия советского правительства по отношению к военнослужащим некоторых национальностей. Автор заключает, что представители разных народов СССР, столкнувшись с врагом, проявили стремление к единству и добровольное желание выступить на защиту государства, которое они избрали своей Родиной. The aim of the article is to reconstruct the biographies of participants in the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945), who belonged to ethnic minorities and fought for the liberation of the Caucasus and Crimea from Nazi invaders. As an example, the author selected ethnic communities of Kurds and Koreans. The study was conducted on the basis of research by Russian scholars, archival documents, and memoirs of direct participants in the events. The historical-genetic, historical-biographical and system-historical methods were used. The measures of the Soviet command for the formation of national military units were studied, the biographies of war heroes, Koreans and Kurds who participated in the liberation of the South of Russia and received military awards (including the title Hero of the Soviet Union) were reconstructed. The author describes in detail the military clashes during which these fighters showed military prowess, presents their photographs, and traces their further military path, post-war fate and forms of their memory perpetuation. Quotations from the war veterans’ front-line letters and their relatives’ memoirs are given. The repressive actions of the Soviet government towards the military personnel of certain nationalities, who after the demobilization received the status of “special settlers” and lost their military tickets and award sheets, are also considered. The author emphasizes that the fight against the enemy was a test of strength for the unity of the peoples living in the Caucasus and Crimea. Examples of civic solidarity in the fight against the enemy shown by ethnic minorities in the early days of the war (mass enrollment in volunteers, holding civil rallies) are given. It is noted that representatives of local ethnic communities became the basis of 12 military units that were at the forefront of the defenders of the Caucasus. The paradoxical nature of the situation in which USSR citizens were repressed for various (often far-fetched) reasons is stated; however, during the war they still heroically fought against Nazism with arms in their hands. The author connects the repressions against members of the ethnic minorities with the ethnosocial policy pursued by the Soviet state, as well as the spread of desertion and draft evasion in the North Caucasus and Crimea. It is concluded that representatives of ethnic minorities living in the USSR, faced with the enemy, showed a desire for unity and a voluntary desire to defend the state, which they chose as their homeland.

SOCIO-CULTURAL ADAPTATION AND INTEGRATION OF MIGRANTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
RUSLAN ABAKAROV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Adaptation ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Cultural Components

The purpose of this article is to study the public opinion of residents of the North Caucasus region (on the example of the Republic of Dagestan) on the state of social and cultural adaptation and integration of foreign citizens. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the growth of quantitative indicators of migration begins to significantly affect the ethno-social and ethno-political processes in the region and makes certain adjustments in the socio-political sphere of the republic. The main method of research is the quantitative method, i.e. a mass standardized questionnaire. The questionnaire survey was conducted taking into account the general socio-demographic characteristics of the population of the Republic of Dagestan. The content of the questionnaire is aimed at analyzing aspects of the ethnic identity of the Dagestani peoples, determining the ethno-cultural components of its reproduction, analyzing the attitude of the population of the Republic of Dagestan to the social and cultural adaptation and integration of migrants, and identifying the most effective ways to achieve this goal.

scholarly journals A reflection about the social and technological aspects in flood risk management – the case of the Italian Civil Protection

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. del Carmen Llasat ◽  
F. Siccardi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ground Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Abstract. The right of a person to be protected from natural hazards is a characteristic of the social and economical development of the society. This paper is a contribution to the reflection about the role of Civil Protection organizations in a modern society. The paper is based in the inaugural conference made by the authors on the 9th Plinius Conference on Mediterranean Storms. Two major issues are considered. The first one is sociological; the Civil Protection organizations and the responsible administration of the land use planning should be perceived as reliable as possible, in order to get consensus on the restrictions they pose, temporary or definitely, on the individual free use of the territory as well as in the entire warning system. The second one is technological: in order to be reliable they have to issue timely alert and warning to the population at large, but such alarms should be as "true" as possible. With this aim, the paper summarizes the historical evolution of the risk assessment, starting from the original concept of "hazard", introducing the concepts of "scenario of event" and "scenario of risk" and ending with a discussion about the uncertainties and limits of the most advanced and efficient tools to predict, to forecast and to observe the ground effects affecting people and their properties. The discussion is centred in the case of heavy rains and flood events in the North-West of Mediterranean Region.

Dependence in Sociology: An Empirical Study of Asian Countries

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Kumar ◽  
Sripada Raju
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Sociological Knowledge ◽  
The North ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
The Social ◽  
Six Nations ◽  
Science Community ◽  
State Of Affairs

AbstractSince the late sixties and seventies, there has been a well articulated concern in Asian countries about the "all pervasive" intellectual influence of Europe and the United States on social sciences in general and sociology in particular (Ashraf 1975; Alatas 1972, 1974; Kothari 1968; Kumar 1978; Goonatilake 1975; Singh 1973). A section of the social science community has suggested that while the diffusion of sociological knowledge-frameworks, paradigms, concepts, theories, methodologies, and substantive findings-from Europe and the United States has undoubtedly laid the foundations of sociology in Asia, it has also contributed to her intellectual dependence in the discipline. As a result of this diffusion process, the parameters of sociological reflection and research in Asia are being largely set by sociologists based in the North American and West European nations. Such a state of affairs, according to this view, stifles the creativity of Asian sociologists and comes in the way of the growth of sociological knowledge relevant to their needs and aspirations. The main purpose of the present paper is to examine with empirical data two questions related to the above concern: first, whether there is any intellectual dependence of sociology in Asia on Western nations, particularly the United States; second, whether this intellectual dependence, if it does exist, is increasing or decreasing over time. Bibliometric reference data from professional journals of six nations have been used to investigate these two questions.

scholarly journals SECTARIAN COLONIZATION OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATIVE PRACTICES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF DAGESTAN)

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Olga B. Khalidova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Political Field ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Demographic Background ◽  
Religious Aspect

The article analyzes one of the aspects of the domestic Caucasian policy of the Russian Empire which facilitates the involvement of the territory and the population in the all-Russian socio-political field in this article. Resettlement policy became one of the forms of integration. The result of this practice was not only economic development of the region, but also a change in its socio-demographic background by resettling mainly the East Slavic population with the aim of strengthening the Russian component in the social structure of the population. Russian policy of settlement of the prairies regions of the North Caucasus, having the colonization in nature, has not only become one of the main factors of national, social and religious variegation of the region. One of the key components of migration was the religious aspect. Focusing on the religion of immigrants, the Russian government has contributed to the spread of not only the Orthodox religion in the region, but also the appearance here of the sectarians...

scholarly journals REFLECTION ON THE SOCIAL STATUS OF THE ADYGHE WOMAN IN THE RESEARCHES OF THE EUROPEAN AUTHORS OF THE XVII - XIX  ENTURY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
З.Х. Кумахова
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Women's Status ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Women’S Status ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Status Of Women

В данной статье анализируются исследования европейских путе- шественников, побывавших на Северном Кавказе в XVII–XIX в., затрагивающие статус женщины в традиционном черкесском обществе. Выявленные источники классифицируются по сюжетам, описывающим формирование статуса женщи- ны с младенчества до достижения положения матери семейства. В настоящей статье предпринята попытка комплексно изучить вышеупомянутые источники, выявив стороны жизни адыгской женщины, привлекавшие внимание иностранных исследователей. This article analyzes the research of European travelers who visited the North Caucasus in the 17th - 19th centuries. affecting the status of women in traditional Circassian society. The sources identifi ed are classifi ed by stories describin This article analyses the researches of European travellers who visited the North Caucasus in the period from 17th to 19th centuries, that covered the issue of the status of women in traditional Circassian society. The identifi ed sources are classifi ed according to the plot describing the development of women’s status from infancy to getting the position of the mother of the family. In this article, an attempt has been made to study comprehensively the abovementioned sources, identifying the Adyghe woman’s aspects of life, which attracted the attention of foreign researchers g the formation of the status of women from infancy to the position of the mother of the family. In this article, an attempt was made to comprehensively study the above sources, identifying the sides of the life of the Adyg woman, which attracted the attention of foreign researchers.

scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE TEREK DISTRICT OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Anton V. Aver’yanov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
National Minorities

The article is devoted to the process and results of territorial self-determination of national minorities in the Terek district in 1924-1930 within the framework of the Soviet national construction. This problem has not yet found special coverage in the scientifi c literature. The study determined the nature and degree of infl uence of the geographical location of the Terek district and its ethno-social structure on the processes of administrative and territorial arrangement of national minorities. The features of settlement, social and religious structure of the largest ethnic groups are determined. The main priorities in the implementation of the policy of territorial separation of ethnic groups living in the region are indicated. The main criteria for creating national territorial entities, including Soviets of villages of the hill people and Soviets of villages of the Russian Cossacks, are highlighted. Projects on allocation of national districts and areas are analysed. Objective and subjective factors that hindered the implementation of these projects were identifi ed. It was proved that the national policy in the Terek district was subject to signifi cant adjustments due to local ethnic, social, cultural, economic and political specifi cs. It is noted that the ethnosocial structure of national minorities in the region was extremely heterogeneous. It was revealed that the Cossack factor continued to play an important role in the process of territorial self-determination of national minorities in the Terek district.

s/Sin

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Croasmun
Keyword(s):  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Person Identification ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Scholarship ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Individual

The problem of how to understand the personal language Paul uses to describe s/Sin is introduced. Literary personification is distinguished from what we might call “person-identification” by an element of self-conscious fiction that recognizes a gap between the personal language deployed and the “actual state of affairs.” The problem is that, for readers of Paul, his construal of the “actual state of affairs” is precisely what is at issue. Three emphases in the history of scholarship are considered: Bultmann’s focus on the sins of the individual; Käsemann’s focus on Sin as a cosmic power; and the liberationists’ focus on social sin. Each school demonstrates that the interpreter’s sense of the “actual state of affairs” cannot be removed from the process of interpretation. This sets the stage for careful consideration of our own readerly sense of how individual, social, and cosmic realities might coexist and interact.

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