scholarly journals Mythological roots of medical theories of gender differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
S. D. Koldman
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Gender Differentiation ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
Future Child ◽  
State Library ◽  
The Right

Aim: to study the interrelation between the myths and the scientific understanding of sex differentiation of the fetus.Materials and methods. The study is based on the materials published in the XIX – early XX century in Russia; among them, reports by medical professionals, ethnographers, and mystics stored in the Russian State Library, including a number of handwritten texts in the Manuscripts Department.Results. In this review, the method of comparative historical analysis was used to reveal the predominance of the religious and mystical views in the popular understanding of sex differentiation. Among them are ideas about the right and left sides of a woman’s body, about the moral behavior of a man, about the role of the menstrual cycle in the mystical context, about the couple behavior during the intercourse, and more. Methods for predicting the sex of the future child were also reviewed, as well as the signs related to the child sex planning.Conclusion. In the XIX – early XX century Russia, the views and understandings of obstetricians about the fetal sex differentiation were rather irrational and had no academic credibility.

scholarly journals Subnationalism and Social Development: A Comparative Analysis of Indian States

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 506-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prerna Singh
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Shared Identity ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis

The quality of life that a person leads depends critically on where it is led. Even taking into account levels of economic development, the chances of an individual surviving through infancy, growing up literate, or living a healthy, long life vary dramatically across regions of the world, in different countries, and within the same country. What are the causes of such variation in wellbeing? This article points to a factor that has been virtually ignored in the vast scholarship on social welfare and development—the solidarity that emerges from a sense of shared identity. The argument marks an important departure from the traditional emphasis on the role of class and electoral politics, as well as from the dominant view of the negative implications of identity for welfare. Combining statistical analyses of all Indian states and a comparative historical analysis of two Indian provinces, Kerala and Uttar Pradesh, this article demonstrates how the strength of attachment to the subnational political community—subnationalism—can drive a progressive social policy and improve developmental outcomes.

scholarly journals Illicit Trade in Russian Gold and Silver Coins in West China in 1850's (based on the Materials of the Russian Consul K. A. Skachkov)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
I. R. Hamzin
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
West China ◽  
Illicit Trade ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Trading Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese Trade ◽  
State Library ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Transportation

The present research featured the illicit trade in Russian gold and silver coins in Xinjiang in the 1850's. The paper focuses on the problems of control and customs services, as well as on the difficulties connected with the trade in Russian goods. The historical analysis was based on the documents written by Konstantin Adrianovich Skachkov, the then Russian Consul in Chuguchak. The materials were obtained from the Research Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library. In his report, Consul K. A. Skachkov compared the state of the markets of the Russian-Chinese trade in Chuguchak and Kyakhta. He highlighted the broad prospects for trade development in Xinjiang. The Consul paid great attention to the problems on the young market of Central Asia and proposed some measures to improve the situation. He performed a comparative analysis of the trading activities of a Russian merchant and a smuggler. The analysis makes it possible to reconstruct the trading process, determine the cost of transportation, and formulate the commercial benefit resulting from the legal trade and the contraband trade. K. A. Skachkov concluded that despite the high potential for trade development, the region was torn apart by substantial internal contradictions and demanded greater attention from the government. The illicit trade in Russian coins was caused by the barter trading on the Xinjiang market in 1850's.

From Research on the Literary Hermeneutics

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-84
Author(s):  
Anatoly S. Demin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Library ◽  
The Aesthetic

The research consists of the series of articles analyzing the pre- viously unexplored expressiveness, figurativeness, fantasy and sarcasticity of a number of Old Russian works. The first article reveals the expressiveness of the “Turkic” utterances of Afanasy Nikitin in The Journey Beyond Three Seas according to the list of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RSAAA), f. 181, no. 371 of the first quarter of the 16th century. The second article characterizes the distorted, fantastic earthly worlds depicted in the Tale of the Twelve Dreams of King Shahaisha according to the list of the Russian National Library (RNL), Kir.-Beloz., no. 22/1099 of the 1470s; in the Conversation of Three Saints according to the list of the Russian State Library (RSL), Troitsk., no. 778 of the beginning of the 16th century; in the collection of proverbs and sayings according to the list of the RSAAA, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Moscow Main Archive (MMA), no. 250–455 of the late 17th century; in The Tale of Ersh Ershovich according to the list of Pushkin House, 1.27.105 of the late 17th — early 18th centuries; in the Bird Council according to the list of the RNL, 0.XVII.17 the mid-18th century; in the Medicine Book. How to Treat Foreigners according to the list of the RNL, Q.XVII.96, Peter’s time; in the Legend of a Luxurious Life and Fun according to the list of the RNL, 0.XVII.57 of the first quarter of the 18th cen- tury. The third article examines the aesthetic role of verses in the collections of the late 17th century: RSL, Tikhonravov, no. 233, 249, 380, 411, 499. The fourth article shows that some compilers of collections of the 17th century appreciated the visual arts of works, mostly very old (оn the example of collections of the RSL, Tikhonravov, no. 460, 384, 18, 340, 231). In two Appendices to the article are published the descriptions of the composition of the collection no. 231 and the text of the parable about the dispute of parts of the human body. In two Ap- pendices to the article, it is said about the everyday depiction of the collection of proverbs and sayings according to the list of the RSAAA, MMA, no. 250–455 of the late 17th century and on the expressiveness of articles in the miniature collection of the RSL, Bolshakov, no. 325. The fifth article points to the mocking meaning of proverbs and sayings about criminals in the same collection of the RSAAA, MMA, no. 250–455. Finally, the sixth article draws attention to the evolution of the literary work of Archpriest Avvakum from brief mentions of events to detailed stories about them (оn the material of Vita, petitions, Book of Interpretations, Book of Accusations, Write-off about the creation of man, The Lamentable Word about the death of noblewoman F. Morozova). We must warn you that the pictorial and expressive meaning of the examples and phrases quot- ed from the texts of the monuments is not thoroughly proved in this work, but is only stated. Otherwise, each example would require an independent essay on certain literary means, and the theme and composition of the work would be completely different.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Heather L. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Administrative Practice ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Universal Rule

This chapter draws on Katip Çelebi's Düstūrü’l-‘amel li ıṣlāhı ’l-ḥalel, or the Guiding Principles for the Rectification of Defects, to outline how attention to genre, to the relationship between conceptual models and administrative practice, to the role of sultanic authority as an anchor for imperial order, and to the significance of comparative historical analysis offers an alternative approach to Ottoman state-making in the early modern period. It further suggests that the “middle years” of the state might best be understood as a tension between principles of universal rule and the practices designed to entice and co-opt regional elites into a coherent sociopolitical order.

scholarly journals The Rumyantsev Museum’s History in Russian Memoir Sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 504-517
Author(s):  
Tatiana Ya. Briskman
Keyword(s):  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Great Contribution ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
State Library

The article provides an analytical review of the memoirs on the history of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museum (now the Russian State Library), which started with the collections of count N.P. Rumyantsev. The author considers the memories on the Rumyantsev Museum since its foundation in St. Petersburg in 1828, its transfer to Moscow, the activities of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev museums from 1862 to 1917. The author notes the role of memoir literature for the study of the history of librarianship. The article gives description of the sources containing the unique bibliogra­phic information, which reflects publications of me­moirs, diaries, letters about the Rumyantsev Museum in St. Petersburg and Moscow. The article presents the history of the transfer of the Rumyantsev Museum from St. Petersburg to Moscow and gives fragments from the memoirs of V.V. Stasov and “Diary” of V.F. Odoevsky about this event. The author also presents publications dedicated to the leaders of the Rumyantsev Museum and analytically discloses the memoirs placed in them. The article gives excerpts from memoirs, diaries, letters, which reflect the events and facts from the history of foundation and formation of the Rumyantsev Museum, the role of individuals who have made great contribution to the development of the Museum and its library. The author presents information from the memoirs, diary entries of readers about visiting the Rumyantsev library, their contribution to the accession of collections. The article also gives information about the publication of memoirs of the descendants of V.D. Golitsyn, the last Director of the Moscow Public and Rumyantsev Museums who became its first Soviet Director. The author reveals the potential of memoir materials for further research of the history of the Rumyantsev Museum and its library, its role in the history of culture and spiritual life of Russian society.

scholarly journals Traditional Cattle Grazing in the Tambov Region (The Practical Aspect)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 88-107
Author(s):  
Vladimir S. Buzin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Practical Aspect ◽  
State University ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Over Time

The study of the practical aspect of traditional cattle grazing in the Tambov region is based on materials collected in the mid-1990s during field practices carried out by students of the Department of Ethnography and Anthropology of St. Petersburg State University under the supervision of the author of the article. It is quite justified to call the recorded practices “traditional” since breeding and grazing of private livestock by collective farmers did not change significantly even after collectivization. This is confirmed by the pre-revolutionary materials on the tradition of cattle grazing in the Kirsanovsky District (uezd) of Tambov Province cited in the article. This study employs the methods of comparative historical analysis but also take into account the unique features of the natural environment of various parts of the Tambov region. To graze its herd, a community hired a shepherd, made a written contract with him and confirmed it with a drink treat (magarych). The shepherds were usually local or from nearby villages. Each type of animal had its own shepherds. Depending on the size, a herd could have one or two shepherds, who were sometimes assisted by a shepherd boy. Grazing continued from the appearance of fresh grass in spring until the appearance of a permanent snow cover. Over time, the remuneration of shepherds changed from a combination of food and money to a mainly monetary one and shifted from a seasonal to a monthly schedule. Additionally, on certain days, the shepherd had the right to visit the cattle owners in order to get food from them. The shepherd was equipped with a whip and sometimes also had a horn. No information of any other features of his equipment and clothing was gathered. The article presents data on local peculiarities of cattle grazing. The collected materials show that to a certain extent, local differences were determined by the characteristics of the environment. When grazing in the forest, the size of the herd was smaller than on open pastures, sheep and goats were not grazed in the forest, and the shepherd used a horn there to gather animals.

scholarly journals Dead But Not Gone: Contemporary Legacies of Communism, Imperialism, and Authoritarianism

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 419-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Simpser ◽  
Dan Slater ◽  
Jason Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mechanisms Of Persistence ◽  
Cross Fertilization ◽  
Strict Definition

A profusion of recent research has focused on historical legacies as key to understanding contemporary outcomes. We review this body of research, analyzing both the comparative-historical analysis (CHA) and modern political economy (MPE) research traditions as applied to the study of communism, imperialism, and authoritarianism. We restrict our focus to the sizeable subset of arguments that meets a relatively strict definition of legacies, i.e., arguments that locate the roots of present-day outcomes in causal factors operative during an extinct political order. For all their differences, the CHA and MPE approaches both face the challenges of convincingly identifying the sources of historical persistence and of reckoning with alternative channels of causation. We find that mechanisms of persistence in legacy research generally belong to one of three main categories. While both traditions acknowledge the role of institutions in historical persistence, CHA research tends to emphasize the lasting power of coalitions, whereas work in MPE often argues for the persistence of cognitions. We argue that, at their best, CHA and MPE approaches yield complementary insights. Further progress in legacy research will benefit from greater cross-fertilization across research traditions and deeper recognition of commonalities across communist, imperialist, and authoritarian regimes.

Thailand’s new right, social cleansing and the continuing military–monarchy entente

2021 ◽  
pp. 205789112098083
Author(s):  
James Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
New Right ◽  
Officer Corps ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Comparative Historical Analysis ◽  
General Officers ◽  
Ruling Elites ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military

The article looks at the nature of the state and society in contemporary Thailand using a comparative historical analysis. Thailand is led by an officer corps, faithful only to the monarchy regime, while the land is at the disposal of the absolute sovereign who unquestionably holds control over its terrain, resources and people. It is a mix of Siamese palingenetic ultranationalist sentiment with re-interpretations of a conservative Buddhist ideology which is based on the morality and right of the rulers to rule. To the military leaders, its general officers, the military–monarchy nexus embodies a supreme source of secular morality and power with the right to dominate and where the ends (always) justify the means. Thai society has become irreparably divided by the interests of the ruling elites, defining the exceptions and, it is argued, comparable to historical and contemporary authoritarian regimes elsewhere. The article argues that the country, led by the New Right, articulates disarming elements of semi-fascism under the military, in a compact with the interests of the monarchy.

scholarly journals Autonomy or integration: Historical analysis of the debate on the purpose of Icelandic local self-government

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-100
Author(s):  
Eva Marín Hlynsdóttir
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Right

An ongoing debate on the purpose of local self-government in Iceland has been simmering mainly between those who believe that local authorities should amalgamate in order to assume more responsibilities and those who believe that local autonomy, understood as the right of citizens to govern their own jurisdictions, should not be weakened. The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of local self-government in Iceland from these two very different perspectives by situating it within the context of the Nordic model of local self-government. This study’s findings reveal that the Icelandic central government has successfully introduced functional reforms at the local level over the past 25 years, but it has not been as successful in initiating territorial reforms. The findings also show that conflict between the ideologies of the traditional autonomous model and the more modern model of integration is growing.

From the History of the Ecclesiastical Seminary of Our Saviour and Bethany and its Library (the End of XVIII - the Beginning of XIX Century)

2013 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Pitchugin
Keyword(s):  
History Of Education ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Library Science ◽  
National Education ◽  
Research Department ◽  
Russian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Library ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to the history and development of the Ecclesiastical Seminary of Our Saviour and Bethany and its Library at the end of XVIII - beginning of XIX Century. In the work there are used the materials of the Scientific-Research Department of Manuscripts of the Russian State Library and other sources. They allow to make conclusions on the role of Seminary's library in the history of national education of the XVIII century. Article is of interest for historians, specialists in library science and history of education.

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