scholarly journals Age effect on relationships between inhibitory functions of executive attention system and visual memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-74
Author(s):  
O. Razumnikova
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Induced Forgetting

It is known that aging is accompanied by a weakening of the processes of inhibition in the central nervous system, but with a significant individual variability. In connection with this, the purpose of the study was to study the patterns of these age effects using experimental models of executive control of attention and memory. It is shown that relationships between the intelligence, the speed of information selection, the volume of short-term visual memory and the indicator of proactive interference that obtained in twenty-year-old adults are disrupted in the sixty-year-olds. For both age groups, differentiation of memory strategies is characterized by either Retrieval-Induced Forgetting or Retrieval-Based Learning. Young with the dominance of the Retrieval-Induced Forgetting effect differ in higher intelligence from those who are characterized by the predominance of Retrieval-Based Learning strategies, and the elderly — the best executive control of attention. Therefore, despite the positive impact of Retrieval-Based Learning on memory, the effectiveness of cognitive activity in the elderly is more closely related to preserving of inhibitory functions in information interference processes.

scholarly journals Which Neuropsychological Tests? Predicting Cognitive Decline and Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease in the ICICLE-PD Cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Rachael A. Lawson ◽  
Caroline H. Williams-Gray ◽  
Marta Camacho ◽  
Gordon W. Duncan ◽  
Tien K. Khoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Memory And Attention ◽  
Global Cognition

Background: Cognitive impairment is common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), with 80% cumulatively developing dementia (PDD). Objective: We sought to identify tests that are sensitive to change over time above normal ageing so as to refine the neuropsychological tests predictive of PDD. Methods: Participants with newly diagnosed PD (n = 211) and age-matched controls (n = 99) completed a range of clinical and neuropsychological tests as part of the ICICLE-PD study at 18-month intervals over 72 months. Impairments on tests were determined using control means (<1-2SD) and median scores. Mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) was classified using 1-2SD below normative values. Linear mixed effects modelling assessed cognitive decline, while Cox regression identified baseline predictors of PDD. Results: At 72 months, 46 (cumulative probability 33.9%) participants had developed PDD; these participants declined at a faster rate in tests of global cognition, verbal fluency, memory and attention (p <  0.05) compared to those who remained dementia-free. Impaired baseline global cognition, visual memory and attention using median cut-offs were the best predictors of early PDD (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.88, p <  0.001) compared to control-generated cut-offs (AUC = 0.76–0.84, p <  0.001) and PD-MCI (AUC] = 0.64–0.81, p <  0.001). Impaired global cognition and semantic fluency were the most useful brief tests employable in a clinical setting (AUC = 0.79, p <  0.001). Conclusion: Verbal fluency, attention and memory were sensitive to change in early PDD and may be suitable tests to measure therapeutic response in future interventions. Impaired global cognition, attention and visual memory were the most accurate predictors for developing a PDD. Future studies could consider adopting these tests for patient clinical trial stratification.

scholarly journals Influence of study model, baseline catalytic concentrations and analytical system on the stability of serum alanine aminotransferase

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Miquel Bauça ◽  
Andrea Caballero ◽  
Carolina Gómez ◽  
Débora Martínez-Espartosa ◽  
Isabel García del Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Analytical System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Analytical Platforms

AbstractObjectivesThe stability of the analytes most commonly used in routine clinical practice has been the subject of intensive research, with varying and even conflicting results. Such is the case of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of serum ALT according to different variables.MethodsA multicentric study was conducted in eight laboratories using serum samples with known initial catalytic concentrations of ALT within four different ranges, namely: <50 U/L (<0.83 μkat/L), 50–200 U/L (0.83–3.33 μkat/L), 200–400 U/L (3.33–6.67 μkat/L) and >400 U/L (>6.67 μkat/L). Samples were stored for seven days at two different temperatures using four experimental models and four laboratory analytical platforms. The respective stability equations were calculated by linear regression. A multivariate model was used to assess the influence of different variables.ResultsCatalytic concentrations of ALT decreased gradually over time. Temperature (−4%/day at room temperature vs. −1%/day under refrigeration) and the analytical platform had a significant impact, with Architect (Abbott) showing the greatest instability. Initial catalytic concentrations of ALT only had a slight impact on stability, whereas the experimental model had no impact at all.ConclusionsThe constant decrease in serum ALT is reduced when refrigerated. Scarcely studied variables were found to have a significant impact on ALT stability. This observation, added to a considerable inter-individual variability, makes larger studies necessary for the definition of stability equations.

scholarly journals Effects of Cognicise-Neurofeedback on Health Locus of Control, Depression, and Quantitative Electroencephalography Alpha Asymmetry in Elderly Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Heewook Weon ◽  
Jieun Yoo ◽  
Jumhwa Yu ◽  
Miso Park ◽  
Haekyoung Son
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Health Locus Of Control ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Quantitative Electroencephalography ◽  
Alpha Asymmetry ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Group

Background: With an increase in the aged population, there is a growing concern regarding the care of the elderly. This study aims to identify effects of cognicise-neurofeedback on health locus of control, depression, and quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) alpha asymmetry in elderly women. Methods: A quasi-experimental control group pre-test–post-test design was used. Korean women aged 65 years or over at a senior welfare center were randomly allocated to the control (n = 12) or experimental (n = 19) groups from July to October 2019. The intervention consisted of cognicise (exercise with intensified cognitive activity) and neurofeedback twice a week for 10 weeks. The locus of control and depression were measured via self-reported questionnaires. QEEG alpha asymmetry was measured using BrainMaster. Results: Depression significantly decreased in the experimental group (t = 4.113, p = 0.001), while internality in the locus of control significantly decreased in the control group (t = 3.023, p = 0.012). On the other hand, QEEG alpha asymmetry index differences in F3-F4 between the pre-test and post-test were not significant in the experimental group (t = 0.491, p = 0.629) or control group (t = 0.413, p = 0.678). Conclusions: Due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, contact between the elderly and healthcare workers in the clinical practice field has become more restricted. These findings can help decrease negative emotions among elderly women in the community based on an integrated neuroscientific approach.

Effect of Bilingualism on Multitasking: A Pilot Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Executive Control ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Proficiency Level ◽  
Linguistic Representations ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Difference

Bilingual speakers rely on attentional and executive control to continuously inhibit or activate linguistic representations of competing languages, which leads to an increased efficiency known as “bilingual advantage”. Both monolingual and bilingual speakers were asked to perform multiple tasks of talking on a cell phone while simultaneously attending to simulated driving events. This study examined the effect of bilingualism on participants' performance during a dual-task experiment based on 20 monolingual and 13 bilingual healthy adults. The within-subject and between-subject comparisons were conducted on reaction times of a visual event detection task for (a) only driving and (b) driving while simultaneously engaged in a phone conversation. Results of this study showed that bilingual speakers performed significantly faster than monolingual speakers during the multitasking condition, but not during the driving only condition. Further, bilingual speakers consistently showed a bilingual advantage in reaction times during the multitasking condition, despite varying degrees on a bilingual dominance scale. Overall, experiences in more than one language yield bilingual advantage in better performance than monolingual speakers during a multitasking condition, but not during a single task condition. Regardless of the difference in bilingual proficiency level, such language experience reveals a positive impact on bilingual speakers for multitasking.

The HEXACO, academic motivation and learning approaches: evidence from a central Asian country

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monowar Mahmood ◽  
Yuliya Frolova ◽  
Bhumika Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Academic Motivation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Motivation And Learning

PurposePersonality traits are assumed to influence cognitive processes as well as academic motivation and learning approaches of the students. Based on these assumptions, the present study investigates the association of HEXACO personality traits with academic motivation as well as influence of those traits on students' learning approaches in educational contexts.Design/methodology/approachSelf-reported measures of personality orientation, academic motivation and learning approaches were obtained from 404 respondents in a classroom environment. The SPSS 20 software was used to conduct the correlations and the hierarchical regression analyses. The Eviews 10 software was used to develop the structural equation model to find the inter-relations among the study variables.FindingsThe findings reveal the influence of personality traits on academic motivation and learning approaches of the students. Among different personality traits, consciousness appeared to have highly positive impact on deep learning and intrinsic motivation of the studies. Neuroticism appeared to have most negative impact related to surface learning and amotivation of the learning contents.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings validates the existence of HEXACO personality traits among the students in central Asian context. It future reiterated individual differences in learning strategies and learning motivation among the learners. The results may help academics and policy makers take appropriate measures to increase academic motivation and select appropriate learning approaches.Originality/valueThis is one of the pioneer studies to investigate the relationship between HEXACO personality traits, learning strategies and academic motivation. Validation of the HEXACO framework will help to understand students' personality in a more detailed and elaborative way and will contribute to the existing literature on personality and learning outcomes.

scholarly journals Mortality due to respiratory diseases in the elderly after influenza vaccination campaigns in the Federal District, Brazil, 1996-2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca Magalhães Scoralick ◽  
Luciana Paganini Piazzolla ◽  
Liana Laura Pires ◽  
Cleudsom Neri ◽  
Wladimir Kummer de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Influenza Vaccination ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Proportional Mortality

OBJECTIVE: To compare mortality rates due to respiratory diseases among elderly individuals residing in the Federal District of Brasília, Brazil, prior to and after the implementation of a national influenza vaccination campaign. METHODS: This was an ecological time series analysis. Data regarding the population of individuals who were over 60 years of age between 1996 and 2009 were obtained from official databases. The variables of interest were the crude mortality rate (CMR), the mortality rate due to the respiratory disease (MRRD), and the proportional mortality ratio (PMR) for respiratory diseases. We performed a qualitative analysis of the data for the period prior to and after the implementation of the vaccination campaign (1996-1999 and 2000-2009, respectively). RESULTS: The CMR increased with advancing age. Over the course of the study period, we observed reductions in the CMR in all of the age brackets studied, particularly among those aged 80 years or older. Reductions in the MRRD were also found in all of the age groups, especially in those aged 80 years or older. In addition, there was a decrease in the PMR for respiratory diseases in all age groups throughout the study period. The most pronounced decrease in the PMR for respiratory diseases in the ≥ 70 year age bracket occurred in 2000 (immediately following the implementation of the national vaccination campaign); in 2001, that rate increased in all age groups, despite the greater adherence to the vaccination campaign in comparison with that recorded for 2000. CONCLUSIONS: Influenza vaccination appears to have a positive impact on the prevention of mortality due to respiratory diseases, particularly in the population aged 70 or over.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of a proposed training program based on active learning to develop teaching skills of Shari'a Sciences’ teachers and their attitudes towards it at the kingdom of Saudi Arabia: فاعلية برنامج تدريبي مقترح قائم على التعلّم النشط في تنمية المهارات التدريسية لدى معلمي العلوم الشرعية واتجاهاتهم نحوه في المملكة العربية السعودية

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Ayed Al Radaddi , Amal Mahmoud Ali ,   Iman Mohamed Ma
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Teaching Skills ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Planning Implementation

Research Goal: To measure the effectiveness of the use of a proposed training program based on active learning to develop teaching skills of Shari'a Sciences’ teachers and their attitudes towards it at the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Research depended on the descriptive approach during building the program that based on active learning strategies, as assign experimental method when applying the program to identify its effectiveness in developing teaching of Shari'a Sciences’ teachers for the secondary school in the city of Medina and their attitudes toward it in teaching. Research instruments: The Card Note of teaching skills consisted of (45) sub-skill divided into three main areas which are (planning, implementation and evaluation). The measure of the attitude towards active learning in teaching included (26) phrases, therefore, the program is based on active learning in developing the teaching skills. After the researcher has checked the sincerity of research instruments, he began to be apply it to a stratified random sample, which consisted of (34) teachers of Shari'a Sciences’ teachers for the secondary school. The research contain a number of appropriate statistical methods, which are arithmetic averages, standard deviations, (T) test for the associated groups, the coefficient of Peerson, ETA square, the equation of the Blak, the coefficient of alpha Cronbach and the equation of Cooper. After conducting statistical analyzes, the research found the existence of Statistical differences among the average performance of the research sample in the Card Note of teaching skills in (planning, implementation and evaluation) Separated and combined in the light of active learning before and after the proposed training program for the benefit of the telemetric. In the light of the findings, the research recommended: Taking advantage of the current research program in training Shari'a Sciences’ teachers in different stages of education, especially Secondary School Teachers, because of its positive impact on the development of their teaching skills, and benefit from the list of teaching skills of the current research when assessing teachers' performance during service.   ، ، ، 

scholarly journals Technology Integrated in Interactive Entrepreneurship Activity to Enhance Students Mastery in Mathematics Concept for Active Mathematics Teaching

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Strategy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Treatment Session ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of interactive entrepreneurship activity in mathematics learning towards students’ mastery in mathematics concepts. The objective is to look at the impact of implementing an active learning strategy combined with technology on mastery of mathematics concepts after engaging in a learning activity. The combination of technology in interactive learning and games kits in the form of interactive entrepreneurship activity has resulted in the innovation of learning strategies to enhance the learning interest, enjoyment and to influence the mastery of students' mathematics concepts. The effectiveness study of the strategy was conducted using an experimental study design that involved 109 students from 2 secondary schools who had participated in a 4-week mathematics learning treatment session. The experiment group was exposed to interactive entrepreneurship activity through the use of a learning kit while the control group followed conventional learning for a selected mathematics topic. Post-test were conducted to see differences in understanding and achievement of mathematics concepts for both groups of students. The results show that there is a significant difference between the mastery of mathematics concept of the experiment group students and the control group students. This shows that the integration of technology in learning activities has a positive impact on student learning. The implications of the study indicate that teachers need to constantly improve pedagogical knowledge based on current technological developments and improve teaching strategies in order to improve student competencies. The parties also need to provide the latest technology to improve the quality of education in line with global developments.

Leveraging coherent wave field analysis and deep learning in fiber-optic seismology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Schwarz ◽  
Korbinian Sager ◽  
Philippe Jousset ◽  
Gilda Currenti ◽  
Charlotte Krawczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Wave Field ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Coherent Wave

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Fiber-optic cables form an integral part of modern telecommunications infrastructure and are ubiquitous in particular in regions where dedicated seismic instrumentation is traditionally sparse or lacking entirely. Fiber-optic seismology promises to enable affordable and time-extended observations of earth and environmental processes at an unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. The method&amp;#8217;s unique potential for combined large-N and large-T observations implies intriguing opportunities but also significant challenges in terms of data storage, data handling and computation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Our goal is to enable real-time data enhancement, rapid signal detection and wave field characterization without the need for time-demanding user interaction. We therefore combine coherent wave field analysis, an optics-inspired processing framework developed in controlled-source seismology, with state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures commonly used in visual perception. While conventional deep learning strategies have to rely on manually labeled or purely synthetic training datasets, coherent wave field analysis labels field data based on physical principles and enables large-scale and purely data-driven training of the CNN models. The shear amount of data already recorded in various settings makes artificial data generation by numerical modeling superfluous &amp;#8211; a task that is often constrained by incomplete knowledge of the embedding medium and an insufficient description of processes at or close to the surface, which are challenging to capture in integrated simulations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Applications to extensive field datasets acquired with dark-fiber infrastructure at a geothermal field in SW Iceland and in a town at the flank of Mt Etna, Italy, reveal that the suggested framework generalizes well across different observational scales and environments, and sheds new light on the origin of a broad range of physically distinct wave fields that can be sensed with fiber-optic technology. Owing to the real-time applicability with affordable computing infrastructure, our analysis lends itself well to rapid on-the-fly data enhancement, wave field separation and compression strategies, thereby promising to have a positive impact on the full processing chain currently in use in fiber-optic seismology.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The Use of Assistive Technology to Support the Wellbeing and Independence of People with Memory Impairments

2011 ◽  
pp. 65-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Huijnen
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Assisted Living ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
End Users ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Age In Place ◽  
With Memory

This chapter presents the research, results and lessons learned from a project to evaluate currently available assisted living technologies for elderly people with mild to severe memory impairments who want to age in place. During the project a number of households were equipped with assistive technology to enable the end users to better cope with the barriers and problems associated with their forgetfulness. End users were involved in different phases, starting with a problem and needs analysis and ending with an evaluation of the technology installed in their homes. It seemed that technology did have a positive impact on their lives as well as on the lives of the informal caregivers who often live with those who suffer from amnesia. This project gives insight into how we are coming closer to optimizing the positive effects which assistive technology holds for the elderly with memory impairments. Key insights are presented.

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