scholarly journals Dream as a subject of psychological research

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
P.A. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Activity Theory ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Subjective Significance

We discuss the main theoretical concepts of a dream: dream definitions, ideas about its genesis, functions, dream location in the structure of activity. We analyze the similarities and differences between the approaches. The results of empirical studies of adolescent and adult dreams are generalized, dream functions in adolescence are analyzed. Based on the analysis of different approaches, we chose theoretical basis of our own research – A. Leontiev activity theory, L.S. Vygotsky concept, K. Lewin's model. We formulated and substantiated the definition of dream as emotionally colored image of the desired future, having a subjective significance. We show the significance and hypotheses of our research: 1) the content of dreams is connected not only with a situation of frustration, but also with the teenager abilities, 2) the dream is involved in regulating of values choice; 3) restoration and development of the ability to dream can be used in the practice of counseling and psychotherapy as an effective tool to help adolescents and adults.

White Racial Identity Attitude Theories

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caryn J. Block ◽  
Robert T. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Racial Consciousness ◽  
White Racial Identity ◽  
White Racial Consciousness ◽  
Attitude Theory ◽  
Racial Identity Attitudes ◽  
Identity Attitudes ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this article is to examine the White racial consciousness model (Rowe, Bennettu & Atkinson, 1994)J which has been proposed as a superior conceptualization for understanding White racial attitudes than existing frameworks, specifically Helms's (1990) theory of White racial identity attitudes. Rowe et al. (1994) have argued for the superiority of the White racial consciousness model because it can "describe the phenomena more accurately, predict relationships better, and provide a more stable base for assessment" (p. 133) than Helms's White racial identity attitude theory. This article raises questions as to the validity of these claims. The White racial consciousness model is examined in terms of its similarities and differences to Helms's White racial identity attitude theory, focusing on the two theories in relation to their definition of core constructs, theoretical basis, and the existing empirical evidence.

scholarly journals The transforming object of the veterinarian’s clinical gaze

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalevi Paldanius
Keyword(s):  
Activity Theory ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Veterinary Profession ◽  
Production Animals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Clinical Gaze

Although veterinary profession’s function in society is very important there are relatively a fewscientific studies about veterinary profession or how veterinarians’ experience their work. In the fieldof study of work approaches based in activity theory (AT), has been held during last 15 years as apromising theoretical and practical tool. As such there is no unified definition of activity theory. Oneof the central concepts in AT is the notion of object in understanding and explaining human activity.Idea is that when we understand the object of activity we have found the key to understand activitysystem. Human activity is seen multidimensional system or structure. When applying AT in researchimportant is how the subject interprets and approaches the problem space of her/his activity system. Inthis article I will focus on how municipal veterinarian in mixed practice experiences her/his work,animals and clients. I use activity theoretical notions to interpret the results.The empirical material was collected by means of participant observation and interviews of twoveterinarians – man and woman - in Eastern Finland during the time period June 2006 – October 2007.Observation time was altogether 3.5 working weeks, including approximately 120 – 130 consultationswith clients in consulting rooms and in the farms. The analyses of the notes and interviews were madeby theory driven content analysis. For analytical purposes I formed a typical case of two veterinarianswhose work I observed. I refer to the case by an acronym “the Vet”.The activity of veterinarian is described as a continuum preventive – curative/clinical – euthanasia.My interpretation is that for the veterinarian animals are the object of clinical gaze in the realm ofsocio-economic organisation. By clinical gaze is meant a perceptual model than mere to seeing, moreto functions like speaking, touching and knowing. But in this system the owners of animals form acritical factor. Client’s way to take care of their animals defines whether they are favourite clients ornot for the Vet and does the Vet feel that s/he is in the same boat or not with the client. The Vet feelsthat the owners of production animals understand her/his work better than owners of the pets. May bethe idea of production defines animals as objects more clearly and thus easier to agree about activitiesthan the idea about animal as a companion or friend?Activity theoretical concepts apply well in analysing veterinarian’s work in socio-economic systemwhere animals are used to satisfy human needs. But the notion of animal as object of veterinarian’sclinical gaze seems not to be enough in defining the special nature of veterinary work. In order tounderstand more fully the social dimension of activity of veterinarian, it is important to study howclients’ experience veterinarians and their work.

scholarly journals THEORETICAL BASIS OF THE CONCEPT "ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE": ANALYTICAL AND SYNTHETIC RESEARCH

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
Olexandr Kutsyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Psychological Component ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction. The article is an attempt to solve the need for generalization, analysis and synthesis of the existing theoretical basis for organizational (corporate) culture. Particular attention should be paid to the analysis of typologies of organizational (corporate) culture and basic characteristics, properties, which can serve as a basis for clarifying its psychological component. Purpose. To offer the corresponding theoretical and hypothetical component with definition of directions of its research for the further improvement basing on the critical analysis of the offered theories of organizational (corporate) culture concerning their psychological component. Results. Organizational (corporate) culture as a concept is a natural attempt of talented managerspractitioners to explain, describe, explore and use in practice real and, at the same time, metaphorical phenomena that determine a socio-psychological level of functioning of such communities of people in the profession as organizations (corporations). And it is not in vain that everyone unanimously claims that it exists, is extremely important and influential, requires consideration in the activities of organizations, and better yet – management. Organizational culture as a concept has a well-founded content, components and functions, as well as the development of practices to improve the functioning of companies through the accounting and consideration of this phenomenon. However, the shortcoming in the scientific substantiation of the concept is the gaps in psychological research of both theoretical and experimental content. Thus, the developed typologies of organizational culture are not sufficiently substantiated and experimentally tested, which could negatively affect the inefficiency of the application of practical developments. Conclusion. As a result of theoretical analysis followed by the use of synthesis, a 3-criteria hypothetical variant of the typology of organizational culture was substantiated, namely: the need for control (deep power – anarchy), fundamental values (masculinity - femininity), the optimal way to achieve mission (individualism – collectivism). This is a hypothesis that requires experimental testing and is the direction of further research.

“The Unconscious” in Current Psychology

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Norman
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Verbal Report ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Apparent Lack ◽  
Unconscious Processing ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
Intermediate States ◽  
Definition Of

A series of vignette examples taken from psychological research on motivation, emotion, decision making, and attitudes illustrates how the influence of unconscious processes is often measured in a range of different behaviors. However, the selected studies share an apparent lack of explicit operational definition of what is meant by consciousness, and there seems to be substantial disagreement about the properties of conscious versus unconscious processing: Consciousness is sometimes equated with attention, sometimes with verbal report ability, and sometimes operationalized in terms of behavioral dissociations between different performance measures. Moreover, the examples all seem to share a dichotomous view of conscious and unconscious processes as being qualitatively different. It is suggested that cognitive research on consciousness can help resolve the apparent disagreement about how to define and measure unconscious processing, as is illustrated by a selection of operational definitions and empirical findings from modern cognitive psychology. These empirical findings also point to the existence of intermediate states of conscious awareness, not easily classifiable as either purely conscious or purely unconscious. Recent hypotheses from cognitive psychology, supplemented with models from social, developmental, and clinical psychology, are then presented all of which are compatible with the view of consciousness as a graded rather than an all-or-none phenomenon. Such a view of consciousness would open up for explorations of intermediate states of awareness in addition to more purely conscious or purely unconscious states and thereby increase our understanding of the seemingly “unconscious” aspects of mental life.

Principles of economic security management of institutions of higher education

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Nataliia Tsymbalenko
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

The subject of research-theoretical concepts of economic security managementof universities. The purpose of the article. The study of the essence of the economicsecurity management system of the university and the definition of its main tasks,the formulation of principles of economic security management of the university.Methodology. The dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, methodsof structural-logical and semantic analysis were used to study and summarizescientific papers on the research topic. The results of the work. The essence of theuniversity’s economic security management system has been reviewed. The maintasks of the control system have been identified. A definition of the university’seconomic security system has been proposed. Principles of management of economicsecurity of the university have been formulated. These are: scientific andorganizational and social principles. Conclusions. The proposed principles allow totake into account the economic role and social mission of universities in managingeconomic security.

The Development of Forgiveness

2020 ◽  
pp. 401-418
Author(s):  
Robert D. Enright ◽  
Jacqueline Y. Song
Keyword(s):  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Developmental Progression ◽  
Forgiveness Education ◽  
Cognitive Work ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Forgiveness Therapy ◽  
Definition Of

The psychology of forgiveness originated from the creative and important work on the development of justice initiated by Piaget in 1932 and extended by Kohlberg in 1969. The scientific study of forgiveness is quite new, having emerged in print in 1989, with an examination of the developmental progression in children’s, adolescents’, and adults’ thinking about the necessary conditions for them to offer forgiveness to another person. In this chapter, the authors first review the definition of forgiveness, followed by this early cognitive work. They then turn to a discussion of the measurement of forgiveness correlates of forgiveness. The practical application of this construct is seen in the development of forgiveness therapy and forgiveness education, which the authors discuss in light of the empirical findings. Future directions for forgiveness studies are considered.

From Selz to Gigerenzer: A thought-psychological research history, which needs a Popperian, fallibilist theory of rationality to effectively develop

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wettersten
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Herbert Simon ◽  
Research History

Two sharply separated traditions in the philosophy of science and in thought psychology began with Otto Selz’s psychology. The first tradition began with Karl Popper; it has been developed by many others. The developers of the second tradition have included Julius Bahle, Adriaan de Groot, Herbert Simon, and Gerd Gigerenzer. The first tradition has ignored empirical studies of thought processes. The second tradition is widely based on Simon’s inductivist philosophy. The first tradition can be improved by integrating empirical studies of rationality into its research. The second tradition can be improved by replacing its inductivist assumptions with a fallibilist framework.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF DESIGN HEURISTICS AND DESIGN PRINCIPLES IN DESIGN FOR ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 2571-2580
Author(s):  
Filip Valjak ◽  
Angelica Lindwall
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Design For Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Heuristics ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Support Methods

AbstractThe advent of additive manufacturing (AM) in recent years have had a significant impact on the design process. Because of new manufacturing technology, a new area of research emerged – Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) with newly developed design support methods and tools. This paper looks into the current status of the field regarding the conceptual design of AM products, with the focus on how literature sources treat design heuristics and design principles in the context of DfAM. To answer the research question, a systematic literature review was conducted. The results are analysed, compared and discussed on three main points: the definition of the design heuristics and the design principles, level of support they provide, as well as where and how they are used inside the design process. The paper highlights the similarities and differences between design heuristics and design principles in the context of DfAM.

Erkundungen Von Gegenwelten: Zur Orientierungsleistung «mythischer» Reisen Am Beispiel Zweier Mesopotamischer Texte Erkundungen Von Gegenwelten: Zur Orientierungsleistung «mythischer» Reisen Am Beispiel Zweier Mesopotamischer Texte

Numen ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-254
Author(s):  
Daria Pezzoli-Olgiati
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Religious Orientation ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Religious Symbol ◽  
Symbol Systems ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Gilgamesh Epic ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe present article focuses on the function of mythic journeys with regard to the problem of death and the transience of human life in two selected Mesopotamian literary sources: the Gilgamesh-Epic IX–XI and the Descent of Ishtar to the Underworld. The selected texts are analysed and compared from the perspective of a functionalist definition of religious symbol systems, with particular attention to the transformation involved in travelling through different cosmic regions. The structure of the journey, the characterisation of the different regions visited by the protagonist, and the changes provoked by the mythic travel evince similarities and differences in the strategies employed to produce a religious orientation dealing with the ineluctable limits of life.

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