scholarly journals Yield and quality of carrots when using the Gumiton organo-mineral complex in conditions of radioactive contamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1955-1959
Author(s):  
Ratnikov A. N, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soddy Podzolic Soil ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Mineral Complex ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work is to assess the impact of Gumiton peat-based organo-mineral complex on the productivity and quality of carrots and the transition of 137Cs from soil to root crops under conditions of radioactive contamination. According to the results of field experiments on gray forest and soddy-podzolic soils of the Kaluga region of Russia, it is shown that leaf treatment with Gumiton of carrot plantings in different phases of crop development increases the yield of root crops by 20-40%, depending on the variety, soil type and agricultural background. Analysis of studies in the growing experiment on soddy-podzolic soil showed that Gumiton treatment increases the yield of carrots by 30%. The rate of decrease of 137Cs content is 1,2-1,25 times. Gumiton is a highly effective preparation for carrots, which increases the productivity and quality of the crop and helps to reduce the intake of 137Cs in root crops in radioactively contaminated areas.

scholarly journals Yield and quality of carrots when using the Gumiton organo-mineral complex in conditions of radioactive contamination

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 3351-3355
Author(s):  
Ratnikov A. N., Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soddy Podzolic Soil ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Mineral Complex ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work is to assess the impact of Gumiton peat-based organo-mineral complex on the productivity and quality of carrots and the transition of 137Cs from soil to root crops under conditions of radioactive contamination. According to the results of field experiments on gray forest and soddy-podzolic soils of the Kaluga region of Russia, it is shown that leaf treatment with Gumiton of carrot plantings in different phases of crop development increases the yield of root crops by 20-40%, depending on the variety, soil type and agricultural background. Analysis of studies in the growing experiment on soddy-podzolic soil showed that Gumiton treatment increases the yield of carrots by 30%. The rate of decrease of 137Cs content is 1,2-1,25 times. Gumiton is a highly effective preparation for carrots, which increases the productivity and quality of the crop and helps to reduce the intake of 137Cs in root crops in radioactively contaminated areas.

Effect of water stress and NaCl triggered changes on yield, physiology, biochemistry of broad bean (Vicia faba) plants and on quality of harvested pods

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Ouzounidou ◽  
Ilias Ilias ◽  
Anastasia Giannakoula ◽  
Ioanna Theoharidou
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Simultaneous Exposure ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Normal Water ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSalinity and drought are the most important abiotic stresses affecting crop yield. Broad bean was chosen as model plant for assessing the impact of salt stress and its interaction with drought in the field experiments. The factors examined in the experiments were the two irrigation rates (normal watering — NW with 3 L plant−1 and drought — D) and three salinity rates imposed by foliar application (0, 50, 100 mg L−1 NaCl). Highest NaCl level with normal water irrigation caused maximum reduction in plant height and production, which it was due to photosynthetic disturbances. Salt injuries were alleviated by increasing water stress. The control plants exposed to NaCl lost their ability over water control. The increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 indicate the prevalence of oxidative stress due to salinity. The levels of proline and carbohydrates were higher under salinity alone than under simultaneous exposure to drought and NaCl. The protein concentration of immature and mature broad bean pods was more inhibited more by NaCl supply than by drought alone. The combination of drought and NaCl resulted in a significant increase in proteins, glucose, fructose and sucrose content. Overall, the ameliorative effect of drought under NaCl supply was quantified.

scholarly journals Improvement Growth, Yield, and Seed Quality of Pea Plants Using Glass Fertilizers and Bio-Fertilizers.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman G. Sayed ◽  
Mona A. Ouis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A new glass fertilizer (GF) system of main composition 60P2O5.30K2O.3.5ZnO. 3.5MnO.3Fe2O3 was developed in response to the needs of pea plants with bio-fertilizers (Rhizobium leguminosarum. Bv.vicieae, Bacillus megaterium var phosphaticum, Bacillus circulans).GF was prepared by the traditional melt quenching technique at 1150°C. Characterization of prepared system was done using FTIR spectra before and after immersion in a simulated actual agriculture medium like 2% citric acid and distilled water. During two winter seasons, two successful field experiments were conducted at Cairo University's Eastern Farm to determine the impact of chemical, glass, and bio-fertilizers on plant growth, yield attributes, and seed quality of pea plant. Control treatment were without any addition of recommended chemical fertilizers and other treatments were full dose of recommended chemical fertilizers (100%RDF), glass fertilizers at rate 60 kg fed− 1, Glass fertilizers at rate30 kg fed− 1, 50% RDF ,100%RDF + bio-fertilizers, Glass fertilizers at rate 60 kg fed− 1 + bio-fertilizers, glass fertilizers at rate 30 kg fed− 1+ bio-fertilizers, 50%RDF + bio-fertilizers. Plots received 60 kg fed− 1 glass fertilizers + bio-fertilizers show the highest significant increment in plant growth, number and weight of pods plant− 1, number of grain pods− 1, grain yield, biological yield, P%, k% in pea leaves and quality of pea seeds compared with plots without any addition (control) in both seasons.

scholarly journals Летние посевы свеклы столовой на юге России

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Kuksa ◽  
L.N. Timakova ◽  
A.N. Khovrin
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
The South ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Optimal Period ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Seed Growing

Полевые опыты в условиях юга России позволили уточнить технологические приемы возделывания свеклы столовой. Оптимальный срок посева свеклы столовой для получения корнеплодов с высокой товарностью и закладки их на зимнее хранение в условиях Ростовской области 5 15 июля. При посеве в этот срок улучшается качество корнеплодов, а выход товарной продукции составляет 84 90.In the conditions of field experiments the technological methods of seed growing of table beet in the conditions of the South of Russia are specified. The optimal period of red beet sowing for root crops with high marketability producing for winter storage in the Rostov region is 5 15 of July. When sowing in this period, the quality of root crops improves, and the yield of marketable products is 84 90.

scholarly journals Assessment of the quality of beet varieties in the Moscow region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Л.Н. Тимакова ◽  
В.А. Борисов ◽  
Н.А. Фильрозе ◽  
 О.Н. Успенская ◽  
Л.М. Соколова
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Nitrogenous Substances ◽  
Excellent Preservation

Пищевая ценность свеклы столовой определяется высоким содержанием сахаров, своеобразным составом азотистых веществ. Эта культура – источник натурального красителя бетанина, который обладает антиканцерогенным, антибактериальным и противовирусным действием на организм человека. В статье представлены результаты изучения биохимических качеств корнеплодов свеклы столовой. Исследования проводились в период 2014–2019 годов на шести сортах свеклы столовой селекции Агрохолдинга «Поиск». За стандарт взяты широко распространенные образцы отечественной и голландской селекции Бордо 237 (ВНИИССОК) и F1 Пабло (Bejo), районированные во всех регионах РФ. Полевые опыты выполнены по единой методике на базе ВНИИО – филиала ФГБНУ ФНЦО в Раменском районе Московской области. Почва опытного участка относится к типу аллювиальных луговых, среднесуглинистая, насыщенная, влагоемкая. Погодные условия наиболее благоприятно для роста и развития растений свеклы столовой складывались в периоды вегетации 2014–2017 годов. Особенность погодных условий 2018–2019 годов – неравномерное выпадение осадков, что повлияло на время прорастания семян. Дефицит влаги в период вегетации компенсировали поливами методом дождевания, поддерживая НВ на уровне 80–85%. Наибольшее количество сухого вещества накапливает сорт Русская односемянная – 18,4%, что соответствует уровню стандарта Бордо 237. Высокое содержание сахаров свойственно сорту Креолка – 10,7%, и превосходит стандарты на 1,8%. Образцы, восприимчивые к заболеваниям листовой розетки во время вегетации культуры – Эфиопка и F1  Пабло накапливают меньше пигмента бетанина. Биохимические качества корнеплодов сорта Креолка больше сопряжены с его генотипом. Накопление нитратов у образцов крайне подвержено условиям года. Более чем в десять раз изменяется содержание нитратов в зависимости от года у сортов Славянка, Русская односемянная, Креолка и Бордо 237. Выход товарной продукции после шести месяцев хранения по изучаемым образцам колебался от 49,1 до 91,4%. Отличную сохранность на уровне стандартов – свыше 85% показал сорт Русская односемянная. The nutritional value of table beets is determined by a high content of sugars, a peculiar composition of nitrogenous substances. This culture is a source of the natural dye betanin, which has anti-carcinogenic, antibacterial and antiviral effects on the human body. The article presents the results of a study of biochemical qualities of root crops of table beet. Research was conducted in the period 2014–2019 on 6 varieties of beet of table selection of the Poisk Agrо Holding. Widespread samples of domestic and Dutch breeding Bordo 237 (FSCVG) and Pablo F1 (Bejo), zoned in all regions of the Russian Federation, were taken as a standard. Field experiments were performed according to a single methodology on the basis of ARRIVG – branch of FSCVG. The soil of the experimental site belongs to the type of alluvial meadow, medium-loamy, saturated, moisture-intensive. Weather conditions were most favorable for the growth and development of table beet plants during the growing season of 2014–2017. A feature of the weather conditions of 2018-2019 was uneven precipitation, which affected the time of germination of seeds. The lack of moisture during the growing season was compensated by irrigation by sprinkling, maintaining the HB at the level of 80–85%. The largest amount of dry matter accumulates Russian single-seeded variety – 18.4%, which corresponds to the level of the standard Bordeaux 237. High sugar content is characteristic of the Creole variety – 10.7%, and exceeds the standards by 1.8%. Samples that are susceptible to diseases of the leaf rosette during the growing season of the culture-Ethiopian and F1Pablo accumulate less of the pigment betanin. The biochemical qualities of Creole root crops are more associated with its genotype. The accumulation of nitrates in samples is highly susceptible to the conditions of the year. The nitrate content varies more than 10 times depending on the year in the varieties Slavyanka, Russian single-seeded, Creole and Bordo 237. The output of marketable products after 6 months of storage in the studied samples ranged from 49.1 to 91.4%. Excellent preservation at the level of standards – over 85% showed the Russian single-seeded variety.

Comparative study of the force action of harvester work tools on potato tubers

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Alexei Sibirev ◽  
Alexandr Aksenov ◽  
Alexei Dorokhov ◽  
Andrei Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Separation Devices ◽  
The Impact

The quality of the separation of root crops, onions and potatoes is known to primarily depend on the cultivation conditions. As a rule, these cultures are cultivated in mechanically light soils in order to improve the quality of separation, as well as to reduce the traction resistance of the harvester when extracting the root crops from the soil. When harvesting the root crops, it is very important to maintain the soil in a loose (light) state to improve the quality of the separation. Due to the fact that in digging up the root crops, there is a joint flow of strong soil lumps to the separating working bodies, which are difficult to separate on the slit working bodies of the harvester, which increases damage to the root crops when interacting with the soil lumps, the commercial quality of the products is subsequently deteriorated. The existing potato harvesters damage the commercial products as a result of the interaction of the potato tubers with each other, with the working bodies and with the soil lumps. However, the greatest percentage of damage to potato tubers occurs as a result of their interaction with the working bodies of the harvester. Field studies were conducted to determine the places of the greatest impact of the individual working bodies of the potato harvesters and to carry out subsequent actions for the elimination of these negative impacts in the design of the harvesters. This article presents a methodology for conducting field studies on the assessment of the impact of the working bodies on the scale of damage to potato tubers when harvesting. The results of the comparative studies of the impact of the working bodies of modern potato harvesters, which damage the potato tubers as a result of the interaction with them are presented. We have determined that the greatest scale of impact on the potato tubers during the mechanised harvesting is observed as the transition from the main elevator to the secondary separation devices takes place, irrespective of the design and technological scheme of the harvester, and reaches its minimum value from 6.5 N for the Bolko harvester to 21 N for the AVR-Spirit-6200 harvester.

scholarly journals Hydro-depositary and hydro-transmitting properties of soddy-podzolic soils in the course of simulating the water transfer by physically-grounded models

2015 ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
E. V. Shein ◽  
E. B. Skvortsova ◽  
S. S. Panina ◽  
A. B. Umarova ◽  
K. A. Romanenko
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soddy Podzolic Soil ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Special Method ◽  
Moisture Movement ◽  
Podzolic Soils ◽  
Constant Head ◽  
Better Than

The results of field experiments conducted on the medium loamy agro soddy-podzolic soil showed that due to the hydraulic head of water at the soil surface the moisture movement occurs predominantly through migration ways that deteriorate the hydro-depositary properties of soils. The moisture movement was studied by a special method performed in two soil monoliths identical in size (42 cm in diameter and 60 cm high). The monolith walls were covered by a film, foamed and buried with the view of avoiding the lateral water loss. Both monoliths were simultaneously saturated with water: one of them was under a constant head of water in 5 cm, the other monolith was watered by fine-dispersed sprinkler without the formation of the water layer at the soil surface. The study was aimed at modeling the water movement under conditions of small headed infiltration and without the head of water as well as comparing the calculated and experimental data with the view of assessing the most adequate experimental provision of the model - the major hydrophysical characteristics obtained by empiric methods in the experiment or those calculated on the basis of hydrological constants and soil properties (pedo-transmitting functions). It seemed reasonable to establish that the experimental provision of the model can be shown in the following order: the use of regional pedo-transmitting functions provides better results as compared to the major hydrophysical characteristics, the latter being obtained by the method of tensiometers and capillarometers is better than the pedo-transmitting characteristics used the particle-size distribution as a predictor in Agrotool program (ROSETTA database) as well as those obtained by Voronin’s “secants”.

scholarly journals Effects of Planting Date for Soybean Growth, Development, and Yield in the Southern USA

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Nick R. Bateman ◽  
Angus L. Catchot ◽  
Jeff Gore ◽  
Don R. Cook ◽  
Fred R. Musser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Canopy Closure ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
The Impact

As fluctuating commodity prices change the agriculture landscape on a yearly basis, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has become the predominant crop in the southern USA, accounting for 65 percent of the total row crop production in the state. To accommodate increased soybean production, planting dates have expanded, spanning from late March through July. To determine the impact of this expanded planting window on soybean development and yield, field experiments were conducted at Starkville and Stoneville, MS, in 2013 and 2014. Treatments included seven planting dates ranging from 25 March to 15 July and two soybean cultivars (one Maturity Group IV and one Maturity Group V cultivar). These studies were conducted in irrigated high––yielding environments. Experimental units were sampled weekly for insect pests and insecticides were applied when populations exceeded the levels at which applications were recommended. Planting date had a significant impact on crop development, plant height, canopy closure, and yield. As planting date was delayed, the time required for crop development decreased from 122 total days for plantings on 25 March to 83 days for plantings on 15 July. For plantings after 2 June, plant height decreased by 1.1 cm per day. Canopy closure decreased by 1.01% per day after 27 May. Soybean yield decreased 26.7 kg/ha per day when soybean was planted after 20 April. This research demonstrates the importance of early planting dates for soybean producers in the southern US to ensure profitability by maximizing yield potential.

scholarly journals Effect of new organic-mineral complex “Gumiton” on the productivity and quality of crops on different soil types

2020 ◽  
Vol 195 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Ratnikov ◽  
Dmitriy Sviridenko ◽  
Svetlana Arysheva ◽  
Polina Semeshkina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Mineral Complex ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Kaluga Region

Annotation. Purpose of research. Assessment of the effect of a new organic-mineral complex based on “Gumiton” peat on the yield and quality of spring and winter crops on various types of soil in the Kaluga and Rostov regions of the Russian Federation. On the basis of field experiments in farms of various forms of ownership in different soil and climatic zones of the Russian Federation, the influence of “Gumiton” on the productivity and quality of grain crops was evaluated. Method of research. Laying and conducting field experiments were carried out according to Dospekhov B. A., agrochemical indicators of soils were determined by the method of Moscow State University, after harvesting, grain quality indicators were determined (the content of raw protein, fat, ash, dry matter) according to GOST R 50817-95, statistical processing of research results was performed using the Microsoft Excel 2007 program with a 95 % level of significance of the results. Results. It was shown that the sheet processing “Gumiton” of barley plants in the phase of stooling on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil in a field experiment on the basis of Kaluga Research Institute of Agriculture has increased the crop yield by 21 % and increased protein content in grain by 2 % compared to the control. Treatment of barley plants with “Gumiton” in the stages of entering the tube and earing in experiments on gray forest medium-loamy soil on the basis of Kaluga research Institute increased the yield by 11–17 % and the protein content in the grain to 2.2 %. In production tests of “Gumiton” on sod-podzolic light-loamy soil in the Fetisov Brothers farm in the Duminichsky district of the Kaluga region, processing of oat crops during the tillering phase with “Gumiton” increased the grain yield by 18%. Processing of winter wheat crops of various varieties with the drug in the phase of release into the tube in the farm “Ageeva A. V.” of Babyninsky district and in the farm “Fetisov Brothers” of Duminichsky district of the Kaluga region increased the crop yield by 18–21 %. The treatment of crops of winter wheat of different varieties with “Gumiton” in the earing phase in dark chestnut medium loam soil in farm “Rostok” of the Oryol district of Rostov region increased crop yield by 11–15 % depending on the predecessor. Scientific novelty. For the first time on the basis of analysis of data of field experiments in different soil and climatic conditions of Russia the high efficiency of the organo-mineral complex “Gumiton” as the effect on productivity of crops and enhancing the quality of products in agricultural lands in different soil types.

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