Compacting Mechanisms of Common Reed Particles

The paper present experimental investigation results of common reeds (Phragmites australis) particle compacting in closed die. Common reeds are important natural biomass resource in Latvia. Compacting of biomass is very complicated process for solid biofuel production and there are many factors influencing to this process. The quality parameters of compacted biomass are described by European countries standards for solid biofuel. Density is the most important quality parameter of biomass compacting. The paper present results of common reeds particles compacting mechanism in closed die. Maximum pressure 212 MPa had been achieved in compacting. For compacting process evaluation has been determined pressing energy and density of briquettes. The minimum of density 0.87 g cm-3 have briquettes with particle size 12 – 13 mm, but maximum density 1.03 – 1.04 g cm-3 two particle sizes < 0.5 mm and 32 – 33 mm briquettes. Maximum value of energy consumption for compacting (~172 kJ kg-1) has been obtained for reed particle size 32 – 33 mm, minimum value (~53 kJ kg-1) for particle size less than 0.5 mm.

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Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer in Belgium: characteristics and influencing factors

Endoscopy International Open ◽

10.1055/a-0751-2660 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 07 (05) ◽

pp. E717-E727 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elisabeth Macken ◽

Stefan Van Dongen ◽

Isabel De Brabander ◽

Sven Francque ◽

Ann Driessen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Population Based ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Quality Parameter ◽

Medical Procedures ◽

Polyp Detection ◽

Quality Register ◽

Polyp Detection Rate ◽

Important Quality ◽

Invasive Carcinomas

Abstract Background and study aims Post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer (PCCRC) is an important quality parameter of colonoscopy. Most studies have shown that the risk for colorectal cancer is reduced after an index colonoscopy for screening or diagnostic purposes with or without polypectomy. In this study, we aimed to quantify and describe PCCRC in Belgium, including the possible relationships with patient, physician, and colonoscopy characteristics. Patients and methods Reimbursement data on colorectal related medical procedures from the Intermutualistic Agency (IMA-AIM) were linked with data on clinical and pathological staging of colorectal cancer (CRC) available at the Belgian Cancer Registry (BCR) over a period covering 9 years (2002 – 2010). Results In total, 63 518 colorectal cancers were identified in 61 616 patients between 2002 and 2010. We calculated a mean PCCRC rate of 7.6 %. PCCRC was significantly higher in older people and correlated significantly with polyp detection rate and the number of resections and procedures performed per year per physician. Conditional observed survival, given still alive 3 years since first colonoscopy, for PCCRC was worse than for CRC. Older patients and patients with invasive carcinomas had a worse outcome. Conclusions Although no quality register exists in Belgium, we were able to demonstrate that PCCRC in Belgium is directly related to the experience of the physician performing the procedure. In the absence of a quality register, utilization of population-based data sources proved to be a valuable tool to identify quality parameters.

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Biomass as a major component of pellets

Acta Innovations ◽

10.32933/actainnovations.26.9 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 81-92

Author(s):

Monika Smaga ◽

Grzegorz Wielgosiński ◽

Aleksander Kochański ◽

Katarzyna Korczak

Keyword(s):

Production Line ◽

Calorific Value ◽

High Energy ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Technical Aspects ◽

Pellet Production ◽

Solid Biofuel ◽

Composite Pellets

The article describes the quality parameters of the selected elements of biomass as a potential ecological biofuel. Several selected elements of a type of biomass were tested to determine the calorific value, humidity, content of sulfur and amount of ash produced in burning process. The concept of biomass and the legal aspects of its combustion are described. The research of biomass samples revealed that they may be turned into a high-energy, ecologically solid biofuel. Production of biofuel from the tested biomass does not require any additional binders. Studies have shown that the tested material can also act as a component of composite pellets. The quality parameters of such pellets can be determined with the composite calculator that is described in this article. The article also describes the technical aspects of the pellet production line, which should be applied to produce good-quality pellets from the tested types of biomass.

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Recent information on nutritive values of maize silage and its importance in beef cattle feeding

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl0304113j ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 57 (3-4) ◽

pp. 113-124

Author(s):

Rade Jovanovic ◽

Predrag Jovin ◽

Milica Radosavljevic ◽

Snezana Jovanovic ◽

Dusanka Terzic

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Quality Parameter ◽

Maize Plant ◽

Silage Maize ◽

Cattle Feeding ◽

Economic Production ◽

Nutritive Values ◽

Important Quality

The study presents the latest scientific accomplishments in selection of silage hybrids with a special regard to digestibility as a quality parameter of the maize plant. The most important quality parameters, necessary in silage maize hybrid selection with the aim of completely defining their nutritive values, are presented in the case of the most demanded MRI hybrids of all maturity groups and encompass the following: the whole plant DM yield, the share of ears in DM yield, NDF, ADF and ADL content, and especially in vitro DM digestibility according to the Tilley and Terry method. Hybrids can be compared by the use of the exact values for the stated criteria and at the same time it is possible to make actual recommendations for certain production. The importance of the whole maize plant silage is manifested in beef cattle feeding, as the use of 3-12 kg silage day-1 with the appropriate feed concentrate significantly contributes to the more economic production of beef for which the demand in our country is realistic.

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COMPARING THE QUALITY OF ROUND BALERS WORK

Proccedings of International Scientific Conference "RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2017" ◽

10.15544/rd.2017.201 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Petr NOVÁK ◽

Jiří MAŠEK ◽

Miroslav BULVA ◽

Lukáš BENEŠ

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Input Power ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Quality Parameter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Microwave Drying ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Important Quality

Forage harvest belongs to the principal works in contemporary agriculture. Increasingly popular technology is the making round bales. The basic advantage of round balers is application versatility. Harvest method is useful for making hay, straw and haylage, Quality of the bale is dependent on the level of work equipment and operator. This paper is focused on comparing the round baler with variable bale chamber. Round baler Vicon RV 1601 OC14 was compared with round baller Welger RP 435 Master. Both models were equipped with variable chamber. The variable chamber was formed by the endless belts. The evaluation was conducted from quality of work perspective and efficiency. The most important quality parameter was the density of bales. Quality parameters of bales were determined by measuring and weighing. Straw bales and haylage bales were used for studies. Qualitative indicators were converted into dry matter content. Microwave drying according to Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences was used to determine the dry matter. Baler Welger reached better qualitative parameters of work. It was also demonstrated by statistical evaluation using Tukey test. It has clearly demonstrated that round baller Welger achieves significantly greater pressing than round baller Vicon. Greater difference was measured at baling straw. Difference was below the threshold of statistical significance during haylage baling. This difference shows favour of the round baller Welger. On the other hand baler Vicon requires lower input power.

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HERBACEOUS BIOMASS SHREDDING FOR BIOFUEL COMPOSITIONS

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2007vol1.1725 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Eriks Kronbergs ◽

Mareks Smits

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Common Reed ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Particle Size Reduction ◽

Material Particle ◽

Herbaceous Biomass ◽

Short Rotation ◽

Solid Biofuel ◽

Friction Energy ◽

The Eu

The 2003 reform o f the EU Common agricultural policy stimulates farmers to grow more energy crops, including short rotation coppice and other perennial crops. Peat can be used as additive for manufacturing o f solid biofuel, because it improves density, durability o f stalk material briquettes (pellets) and avoid corrosion o f boilers. For these reason herbaceous biomass compositions with peat fo r solid biofuel production is recommended. The main conditioning operation before biomass compacting is shredding. It was stated that common reed stalk material particle size reduction during cutting (shredding) process increased energy consumption very significantly. The calculation o f energy consumption fo r common reed cutting to sizes 0.6 and 0.5 mm was giving results 31.3 k J kg'1 and 43.5 k J kg'1. The shredder cutter bar has to be designed with friction energy losses decreased to minimum. This aim can to be realized by reducing o f area o f cutter bar knives moving into stalk biomass and minimizing biomass pressure (Patent LV13447) on cutter bar.

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Statistical Analysis of Quality Parameters of Pig Iron

System Safety Human - Technical Facility - Environment ◽

10.2478/czoto-2019-0078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 616-623

Author(s):

Edyta Kardas ◽

Pavlína Pustějovská ◽

Silvie Brožova

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Quality Parameter ◽

Pig Iron ◽

Basic Product ◽

Steel Making ◽

Important Quality ◽

Basic Quality

AbstractSteel is currently main structural material in the world. Pig iron, which is the basic product of blast furnace process, is the semi-product used in steel-making processes. It is an alloy of iron with carbon containing above 2% C and other elements with limited content, intended for further processing. Chemical composition of pig iron is its basic quality factor, it defines its class and meeting requirements set by steel plant department. It is important that this chemical composition is as stable as possible. In addition, the temperature of pig iron is also very important quality parameter. The paper presents statistical analysis of quality parameters of pig iron produced in one of Polish steelworks. The content of alloying elements and temperature of tapping of pig iron from blast furnace were examined. The amount of non-conforming production and the losses related to the low quality were assessed.

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CONDITIONING OF ENERGU CROPS FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2009vol1.1099 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Ēriks Kronbergs ◽

Mareks Šmits

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Minimum Energy ◽

Winter Season ◽

Common Reed ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Energy Crop ◽

Renewable Energy Resources ◽

Minimum Energy Consumption ◽

Solid Biofuel

The main steps of rural policy to the development of renewable energy resources are energy crop production. Latvia can provide for the use of approximately 0.36 million ha of the unused now agricultural land for herbaceous energy crop growing. More than 230 million tones of peat are available for solid biofuel production. Peat is recomended as additive because it improves density and burning properties of herbaceous material solid biofuel. Herbaceous stalk material can be harvested in winter season with humidity less than 15% and used for compacting without drying. The aim of experimental investigation is to determine conditioning methods for solid biofuel production with minimum energy consumption. Common reed stalk material is used for experiments, because it experimentally stated ultimate tensile strength is 256 ± 27 N mm-2. This value testifies that common reeds are twice strongest material than cereal crop stalk materials and conditioning mechanization equipment of common reeds would be useful for other energy crops.

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PREPARASI DEINOCOCCUS RADIODURANS DAN KHAMIR DALAM MATERIAL KECAP L-DRYING SEBAGAI BAHAN UJI PROFISIENSI

Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan ◽

10.29122/jtl.v13i1.1409 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 93

Author(s):

Titin Yulinery ◽

Ratih M.Dewi

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Deinococcus Radiodurans ◽

Test Preparation ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Microbiological Test ◽

Bacterial Contaminants ◽

Minimum Number ◽

Important Quality

Tes kemampuan adalah salah satu kegiatan penting dalam pengendalian mutu dan jaminan kualitas mikrobiologi laboratorium untuk mengukur kompetensi analis dan analisis uji profisiensi membutuhkan persiapan Model mikroorganisme adalah kualitas standar dan validitas. Mikrobiologi uji kualitas produk kedelai utama diarahkan pada kehadiran Saccharomyces cerevisiae ragi (S. cerevisiae), S. Bailli, S. rouxii dankontaminan bakteri seperti Bacillus dan Deinococcus. Jenis ragi dan bakteri yang terlibat dalam proses dan dapat menjadi salah satu parameter kualitas penting dalam persiapan yang dihasilkan. Jumlah dan viabilitas bakteri dan ragi menjadi parameter utama dalam proses persiapan bahan uji. Jumlah tersebut adalah jumlah minimum yang berlaku dapat dianalisis. Jumlah ini harus dibawah 10 CFU diperlukan untuk menunjukkan tingkat hygienitas proses dan tingkat minimal kontaminasi. Viabilitas bakteri dan bahan tes ragi persiapan untuk tes kemahiran kecap yang diawetkan dengan L-pengeringan adalah teknik Deinococcus radiodurans (D. radiodurans) 16 tahun, 58 tahun S. cerevisiae, dan S. roxii 13 tahun. kata kunci: Viabilitas, Deinococcus, khamir, L-pengeringan, Proficiency AbstractProficiency test is one of the important activities in quality control and quality assurance microbiology laboratory for measuring the competence of analysts and analysis Proficiency test requires a model microorganism preparations are standardized quality and validity. Microbiological test of the quality of the main soy products aimed at thepresence of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), S. bailli, S. rouxii and bacterial contaminants such as Bacillus and Deinococcus. Types of yeasts and bacteria involved in the process and can be one of the important quality parameters in the preparation produced. The number and viability of bacteria and yeasts become themain parameters in the process of test preparation materials. The amount in question is the minimum number that is valid can be analyzed. This amount must be below 10 CFU required to indicate the level of hygienitas process and the minimum level of contamination. Viability of bacteria and yeast test preparation materials for proficiencytest of soy sauce that preserved by L-drying technique is Deinococcus radiodurans ( D. radiodurans ) 16 years, 58 years S. cerevisiae, and S. roxii 13 years. key words : Viability, Deinococcus, Khamir, L-drying, Proficiency

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Mining Wastes of an Albite Deposit as Raw Materials for Vitrified Mullite Ceramics

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11030232 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 232

Author(s):

Pedro J. Sánchez-Soto ◽

Eduardo Garzón ◽

Luis Pérez-Villarejo ◽

George N. Angelopoulos ◽

Dolores Eliche-Quesada

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Phase Evolution ◽

Particle Size Analysis ◽

Size Analysis ◽

Mining Wastes ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Maximum Value

In this work, an examination of mining wastes of an albite deposit in south Spain was carried out using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), particle size analysis, thermo-dilatometry and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, followed by the determination of the main ceramic properties. The albite content in two selected samples was high (65–40 wt. %), accompanied by quartz (25–40 wt. %) and other minor minerals identified by XRD, mainly kaolinite, in agreement with the high content of silica and alumina determined by XRF. The content of Na2O was in the range 5.44–3.09 wt. %, being associated with albite. The iron content was very low (<0.75 wt. %). The kaolinite content in the waste was estimated from ~8 to 32 wt. %. The particle size analysis indicated values of 11–31 wt. % of particles <63 µm. The ceramic properties of fired samples (1000–1350 °C) showed progressive shrinkage by the thermal effect, with water absorption and open porosity almost at zero at 1200–1250 °C. At 1200 °C, the bulk density reached a maximum value of 2.38 g/cm3. An abrupt change in the phase evolution by XRD was found from 1150 to 1200 °C, with the disappearance of albite by melting in accordance with the predictions of the phase diagram SiO2-Al2O3-Na2O and the system albite-quartz. These fired materials contained as main crystalline phases quartz and mullite. Quartz was present in the raw samples and mullite was formed by decomposition of kaolinite. The observation of mullite forming needle-shape crystals was revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The formation of fully densified and vitrified mullite materials by firing treatments was demonstrated.

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