scholarly journals GENERATIVE CREATING OF SACRAL SPACE: MYTHOLOGY, COSMOLOGY AND PLACES FOR CULT RITUALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 626-652
Author(s):  
Silvija Ozola
Keyword(s):  
Research Problem ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Special Relation ◽  
Creative Thought ◽  
Religious Ritual ◽  
Strong Energy ◽  
Sign System ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Universe

Signs are an integral part of the existence of humanity. The Latvians have one of the most complicated symbolic sign system in the world—the Lielvārde belt which includes symbols of strong energy and encodes ancient information that characterizes the special relation to nature and the Universe. God is the basis of moral values and the origin of all events. The understanding of Latvian deities is based on creative thought, and each sign of the deity image is a structural whole with a certain informative value. The Balts’ tribes for cult rituals chose energetically powerful places. Generative creating of sacral space and religious ritual is connected by concepts the Place, the Way and the Symbol. Research object: Latvian wisdom and spiritual traditions, sacral space for the worship of God. Research goal: analysis of the influence of the Latvian wisdom on traditions of the establishment of early places of worship. Research problem: common and different features of the sacral space of the Latvians and other nations have been little studied. Research novelty: detailed studies of generative creating of early places of worship based on Latvian mythology and cult ritual traditions of other nations. Research methods: analysis of archive documents and cartographic materials, study of published literature and inspection of sacral places in nature.

Semi-Structured Data Extraction from Heterogenous Sources

2000 ◽  
pp. 83-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Gao ◽  
Leon Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Accessible Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Machine Readable ◽  
The Universe

The World Wide Web is known as the “universe of network-accessible information, the embodiment of human knowledge” (W3C, 1999). Internet-based knowledge management aims to use the Internet as the world wide environment for knowledge publishing, searching, sharing, reusing, and integration, and to support collaboration and decision making. However, knowledge on the Internet is buried in documents. Most of the documents are written in languages for human readers. The knowledge contained therein cannot be easily accessed by computer programs such as knowledge management systems. In order to make the Internet “machine readable,” information extraction from Web pages becomes a crucial research problem.

scholarly journals Design Principles of Early Stone Pagodas in Ancient Korean Architecture: Case Studies on the Stone Pagodas at Chŏngnimsa and Kamŭnsa Buddhist Temples

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juhwan Cha ◽  
Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Design Principle ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Square Root ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
East Asians ◽  
Creative Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
Korean Architecture ◽  
The Universe

Ancient books on East Asian mathematics introduced to the Korean Peninsula enrich our understanding of the arithmetic notions that mold the creative thought processes of the ancients. They believed that all objects in the universe could be composed of circles and squares and all items could be expressed in terms of geometrical profiles. Through the combination of circles and squares, the ancient East Asians expressed the order of the world and unraveled it mathematically. These principles are evident in the construction principles of early Korean stone pagodas. In particular, the square root of 2 (√2) is a very important number in the delineation represented in the consolidation of inscribed and circumscribed circles with squares. Further, the square root of 2 is applied as a design principle in the construction of the stone pagodas at the temples Chŏngnimsa and Kamŭnsa. This article demonstrates that the ancients on the continuous impact of the Jiuzhang Suanshu and the Zhoubi Suanshu constructed the pagodas complying with design principles based on the arithmetic and geometric proportional systems of √2 times, which are intended to adjust compositional proportions and the gradual decrease in length to shape the tripartite partition of the foundation, the pagoda body, and the finial in stone pagodas.

Language Weltbild of Spiritual and Moral Values as a Culture Code of a Nation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
А. Миньяр-Белоручева ◽  
A. Minyar-Belorucheva
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
The People ◽  
Moral Category ◽  
The World ◽  
Culture Code ◽  
The Universe

The article deals with the language Weltbild of spiritual and moral values as an integral part of the Weltbild of a particular people and its identification code that forms the person’s attitude to the world and sets the norms of his behavior. Language as a moral category, stores peoples’ knowledge about their environment and ambience and contributes to shaping worldview common for its native speakers. Linguistic consciousness of the people stores not only their past and defines the future, but preserves spiritual and moral values as well. Spiritual and moral values reflect the attitude of men to the universe and set the norms of their behavior. In the natural language that reproduces a certain way of conceptualizing the world, meanings are arranged in a system of values shared by the native speakers of a certain culture. Weltbild that reflects spiritual and moral values of a particular people, is verbalized in the language Weltbild. The power of a word should not be underestimated as with the worlt does not only start the real life of homo sapiens but his spiritual life too. Words are always used to induce people to change their inner and outer lives. The commandments passed through language turn it from the means of communication into one of the highest spiritual values. Language always affects men, inspiring them, destroying them and urging them to act.

PENDIDIKAN ETIKA HINDU PADA TEKS AGASTYA PARWA DALAM KEHIDUPAN MODERN

WIDYANATYA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-50
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Nilawati
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Educational Values ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Educational Value ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Storage Area ◽  
Religious Theory ◽  
The Universe

ABSTRAK Agama Hindu memiliki tiga kerangka dasar yaitu tattwa, etika dan upacara. Ketiganya tidak berdiri sendiri, tetapi suatu kesatuan yang dilaksanakan oleh umat Hindu. Jika hanya filsafat agama yang diketahui tanpa melaksanakan ajaran-ajaran susila dan upacara, tidaklah sempurna. Dalam melaksanakan yadnya umat Hindu tidak dapat lepas dari tiga kerangka dasar tersebut. Yadnya yang berarti memuja, menghormati,berkorban tulus iklas, mengabdi, berbuat baik berupa apa yang dimiliki demi kesejahteraan dan kesempurnaan hidup bersama dan kemahamuliaan Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. Dengan melaksanakan yadnya, umat Hindu di Bali percaya dapat mendekatkan diri dengan Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa sebagai kepercayaan skala-niskala dan juga adanya hutang yaitu Rna. Ada tiga jenis hutang yaitu dewa rna yaitu hutang hidup kepada Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, pitra rna yaitu hutang jasa kepada leluhur dan rsi rna yaitu hutang suci kepada rsi. Dengan adanya rasa berhutang itulah sudah sewajarnya hutang tersebut dibayar, diwujudkan kedalam upacara yadnya. Dengan melaksanakan yadnya dapat menghubungkan diri dengan Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. Melalui sarana-sarana inilah dapat tertanam rasa terimakasih kehadapan Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. Upacara Aci Penaung Bayu termasuk dalam upacara Dewa Yadnya khususnya pemujaan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa dalam manifestasi beliau sebagai Dewa Wisnu, Dewa pemelihara alam semesta beserta segala isinya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk menjawab permasalahan: (1) bagaimana proses pelaksanaan upacara aci penaung bayu?, (2) apakah fungsi upacara aci penaung bayu?, (3) nilai-nilai pendidikan apa saja yang terkandung dalam upacara aci penaung bayu?. Teori yang digunakan untuk memecahkan masalah penelitian ini adalah teori fungsional struktural , teori religi, dan teori nilai.  Penelitian ini berbentuk rancangan kualitatif denga pendekatan fenomologis. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, tknik wawancara, teknik kepustakaan, dan teknik dokumentasi. Setenah data terkumpul, data dianalisis dengan pengecekan keabsahan data. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut, diperoleh simpulan sebagai hasil penelitian, sebagai berikut: (1) proses pelaksanaan upacara aci penaung bayu dimulai dengan upacara nedunang Ida Bhatara dari tempat penyimpanan (penataran agung), setelah itu puncak upacara aci penaung bayu, dan terakhir upacara nyineb Ida Bhatara (disimpan ke tempat penyimpanan kembali) (2) Fungsi dari pelaksanaan upacara Aci Penaung Bayu ini adalah fungsi religius, fungsi integrasi sosial, fungsi memberi tenaga. (3) Nilai-nilai pendidikan agama Hindu yang terkandung dalam upacara Aci Penaung Bayu adalah nilai pendidikan Tri Hita Karana.  ABSTRACT Hinduism has three basic frameworks, namely tattwa, ethics and ceremonies. All three do not stand alone, but a unity carried out by Hindus. If only the philosophy of religion is known without carrying out moral teachings and ceremonies, it is not perfect. In implementing the yadnya Hindus cannot escape the three basic frameworks. Yadnya which means worshiping, respecting, sacrificing sincerely, serving, doing good in the form of what is owned for the welfare and perfection of living together and the glory of Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. By implementing yadnya, Hindus in Bali believe that they can get closer to Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa as a belief in scales and also the existence of debt, namely Rna. There are three types of debts, namely the God of Rna, namely the debt of life to Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, the pitra rna, which is service debt to the ancestors and the rna, namely the sacred debt to rsi. With this feeling of debt, it is only natural that the debt be paid, manifested in the yad ceremony. By implementing yad it can connect itself with Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. Through these facilities can be embedded a sense of gratitude to Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa. The ceremony of Aci Penaung Bayu is included in the ceremony of Dewa Yadnya, especially the worship of the Almighty God in his manifestation as Lord Vishnu, the god who cares for the universe and all its contents. This research was conducted to answer the following problems: (1) how is the process of carrying out the ceremony of acu pening bayu ?, (2) what is the function of the ceremony of acu pening bayu ?, (3) what educational values ​​are contained in the aci penung bayu ceremony ?. The theories used to solve this research problem are structural functional theory, religious theory, and value theory.  This research is in the form of a qualitative design with a phenomological approach. Data was collected using observation techniques, interview techniques, library techniques, and documentation techniques. After the data is collected, the data is analyzed by checking the validity of the data. Based on the analysis, conclusions were obtained as a result of the study, as follows: (1) the process of carrying out the aci penung bayu ceremony began with the nedunang ceremony of Ida Bhatara from the storage area (penataran agung), after which the ceremony of aci penung bayu, and finally the nyineb ceremony Ida Bhatara (stored to return storage) (2) Function of carrying out the Bayu Aci Penaung ceremony is a religious function, social integration function, energizing function. (3) The values ​​of Hinduism education contained in the ceremony of Aci Penaung Bayu are the educational value of Tri Hita Karana.

‘A pinch of unseen, unguarded dust’: The World and Self in Thomas Hardy's Poems

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Monika Szuba
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Self ◽  
Phenomenological Philosophy ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Recurrent Theme ◽  
Body Subject

The essay discusses selected poems from Thomas Hardy's vast body of poetry, focusing on representations of the self and the world. Employing Maurice Merleau-Ponty's concepts such as the body-subject, wild being, flesh, and reversibility, the essay offers an analysis of Hardy's poems in the light of phenomenological philosophy. It argues that far from demonstrating ‘cosmic indifference’, Hardy's poetry offers a sympathetic vision of interrelations governing the universe. The attunement with voices of the Earth foregrounded in the poems enables the self's entanglement in the flesh of the world, a chiasmatic intertwining of beings inserted between the leaves of the world. The relation of the self with the world is established through the act of perception, mainly visual and aural, when the body becomes intertwined with the world, thus resulting in a powerful welding. Such moments of vision are brief and elusive, which enhances a sense of transitoriness, and, yet, they are also timeless as the self becomes immersed in the experience. As time is a recurrent theme in Hardy's poetry, this essay discusses it in the context of dwelling, the provisionality of which is demonstrated in the prevalent sense of temporality, marked by seasons and birdsong, which underline the rhythms of the world.

Imaginings

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Kelly James Clark
Keyword(s):  
Religious Tradition ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Intellectual Humility ◽  
First Order ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Group Violence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe

In Branden Thornhill-Miller and Peter Millican’s challenging and provocative essay, we hear a considerably longer, more scholarly and less melodic rendition of John Lennon’s catchy tune—without religion, or at least without first-order supernaturalisms (the kinds of religion we find in the world), there’d be significantly less intra-group violence. First-order supernaturalist beliefs, as defined by Thornhill-Miller and Peter Millican (hereafter M&M), are “beliefs that claim unique authority for some particular religious tradition in preference to all others” (3). According to M&M, first-order supernaturalist beliefs are exclusivist, dogmatic, empirically unsupported, and irrational. Moreover, again according to M&M, we have perfectly natural explanations of the causes that underlie such beliefs (they seem to conceive of such natural explanations as debunking explanations). They then make a case for second-order supernaturalism, “which maintains that the universe in general, and the religious sensitivities of humanity in particular, have been formed by supernatural powers working through natural processes” (3). Second-order supernaturalism is a kind of theism, more closely akin to deism than, say, Christianity or Buddhism. It is, as such, universal (according to contemporary psychology of religion), empirically supported (according to philosophy in the form of the Fine-Tuning Argument), and beneficial (and so justified pragmatically). With respect to its pragmatic value, second-order supernaturalism, according to M&M, gets the good(s) of religion (cooperation, trust, etc) without its bad(s) (conflict and violence). Second-order supernaturalism is thus rational (and possibly true) and inconducive to violence. In this paper, I will examine just one small but important part of M&M’s argument: the claim that (first-order) religion is a primary motivator of violence and that its elimination would eliminate or curtail a great deal of violence in the world. Imagine, they say, no religion, too.Janusz Salamon offers a friendly extension or clarification of M&M’s second-order theism, one that I think, with emendations, has promise. He argues that the core of first-order religions, the belief that Ultimate Reality is the Ultimate Good (agatheism), is rational (agreeing that their particular claims are not) and, if widely conceded and endorsed by adherents of first-order religions, would reduce conflict in the world.While I favor the virtue of intellectual humility endorsed in both papers, I will argue contra M&M that (a) belief in first-order religion is not a primary motivator of conflict and violence (and so eliminating first-order religion won’t reduce violence). Second, partly contra Salamon, who I think is half right (but not half wrong), I will argue that (b) the religious resources for compassion can and should come from within both the particular (often exclusivist) and the universal (agatheistic) aspects of religious beliefs. Finally, I will argue that (c) both are guilty, as I am, of the philosopher’s obsession with belief. 

PERCEPTION AND INTERPRETATION OF CREATIVITY OF ALISHER NAVOI IN FRENCH ORIENTAL STUDIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Mukhammadjon Holbekov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The World ◽  
Oriental Studies ◽  
Short Time ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Precious Stones

The great Uzbek poet Alisher Navoi(1441-1501), during his lifetime, was widely known not only in his homeland, but also far beyond its borders. A contemporary and biographer of Navoi, the famous historian Hondemir, of course, not without some hyperbole, wrote: "He (Navoi -M.Kh.) in a short time took the cane of primacy from his peers; the fame of his talents spread to all ends of the world, and the stories of the firmness of his noble mind from mouth to mouth were innumerable.The pearls of his poetry adorned the leaves of the Book of Fates, the precious stones of his poetry filled the shells of the universe with pearls of beauty

A book of protection: Hoja Ahmad Yassawi's "Devoni Hikmat"

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Khurshida Salimovna Safarova ◽  
Shakhnoza Islomovna Vosiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Moral Status ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Universe

Every great fiction book is a book that portrays the uniqueness of the universe and man, the difficulty of breaking that bond, or the weakening of its bond and the increase in human. The creation of such a book is beyond the reach of all creators, and not all works can illuminate the cultural, spiritual and moral status of any nation in the world by unraveling the underlying foundations of humanity. With the birth of Hoja Ahmad Yassawi's “Devoni Hikmat”, the Turkic nations were recognized as a nation with its own book of teaching, literally, the encyclopedia of enlightenment, truth and spirituality.

Causality Then and Now

1993 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Karen Harding
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Mechanical Model ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

Ate appearances deceiving? Do objects behave the way they do becauseGod wills it? Ate objects impetmanent and do they only exist becausethey ate continuously created by God? According to a1 Ghazlli, theanswers to all of these questions ate yes. Objects that appear to bepermanent are not. Those relationships commonly tefemed to as causalare a result of God’s habits rather than because one event inevitably leadsto another. God creates everything in the universe continuously; if Heceased to create it, it would no longer exist.These ideas seem oddly naive and unscientific to people living in thetwentieth century. They seem at odds with the common conception of thephysical world. Common sense says that the universe is made of tealobjects that persist in time. Furthermore, the behavior of these objects isreasonable, logical, and predictable. The belief that the univetse is understandablevia logic and reason harkens back to Newton’s mechanical viewof the universe and has provided one of the basic underpinnings ofscience for centuries. Although most people believe that the world is accutatelydescribed by this sort of mechanical model, the appropriatenessof such a model has been called into question by recent scientificadvances, and in particular, by quantum theory. This theory implies thatthe physical world is actually very different from what a mechanicalmodel would predit.Quantum theory seeks to explain the nature of physical entities andthe way that they interact. It atose in the early part of the twentieth centuryin response to new scientific data that could not be incorporated successfullyinto the ptevailing mechanical view of the universe. Due largely ...

The Writings of Skryabin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Nicholls ◽  
Michael Pushkin ◽  
Vladimir Ashkenazy
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Creative Play ◽  
Religious Feeling ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Final Text ◽  
Life Work

An introduction by Boris de Schloezer gives the genesis of the final text in the section, the Preliminary Action, and explains its relation to Skryabin’s projected life-work, the Mystery. Section I: an effusion of Orthodox religious feeling from teenage years. Sections II-VII: Around 1900, an expression of rejection of God in the face of disillusion is followed by the text of the choral finale of the First Symphony, declaring faith in the power of art. An unfinished opera libretto, symbolic in narrative, expressing belief in Art’s power to seduce and persuade. Three notebooks develop a world view in which the world is the result of the self’s creative activity. The creation of art and of the universe are identical. There is a higher self, identical with divinity. Forgetfulness of individuality leads to freedom and universal consciousness. Section VIII: The literary poem written during the composition of the symphonic Poem of Ecstasy summarises the scenario developed in the notebooks. Life starts with the desire to create, delight in creative play meets opposition, the creative goal is achieved and disappointment sets in. The process is repeated until it is realized that the struggle is itself joyful and self-affirmation is achieved. Section IX: The text of the Preliminary Action is symbolic in structure. Primal Male and Female Principles emerge; the Female is identified with Death. Life arises from the union of energies. Struggle and bloodshed follow. The conclusion is an impulse towards unification, the synthesis of experience and dematerialisation. Both the complete first draft and the incomplete revision are included.

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