scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC AND HISTOCHEMICAL RESEARCH OF MELISSA OFFICINALIS L. HERB FROM THE COLLECTION OF NIKITSKY BOTANIC GARDEN

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 504-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. Nikitina ◽  
L. A. Logvinenko ◽  
N. V. Nikitina ◽  
S. A. Nigaryan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Secretory Structures ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Histochemical Methods

The article presents the results of morphological-anatomical, morphometric and histochemical studies of the aerial part of Melissa officinalis L., a selection variety sample from the collection of Nikitsky Botanical Garden – National Science Center (NBG-NSC) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Republic of Crimea. The data on the morphology, histochemistry and morphometry of the main diagnostic microscopic signs of the Melissa officinalis L. herb, which are crucial for establishing the authenticity of medicinal plant materials, and also show the localization of secretion of metabolites and the heterogeneous nature of Melissa essential oil, have been obtained.The aim. Is to determine the microdiagnostic signs and biometric characteristics of the Melissa officinalis L. variety sample, introduced in Nikitsky Botanical Garden, to study the possibility of using histochemical reactions for the analysis of tissues and secretory structures of the studied species.Materials and methods. The plant material was provided by Nikitsky Botanical Garden. The study of microscopic signs, morphometric characteristics as well as histochemical tests, were performed according to the methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIII edition, using a Micromed-1 light microscope, a Micromed Micrometer 3 LUM fluorescent microscope and a Digital Eyepiece microscope camera MD 3.2 digital camera. The photos were edited in the program Paint. NET.3.5.11.Results. The main diagnostic microscopic signs of the herb of the Melissa officinalis L. selection variety sample can be called as follows: simple unicellular conical, nonbranching hairs, simple multicellular conical hairs, capitate hairs with a multicellular leg and a funnel-shaped head and with a unicellular leg and a spherical head, essential oil glands of a radial-type with 6-8 excretory cells. These signs have been diagnosed in the crushed raw materials. A quantitative assessment of the morphological and anatomical signs of the leaf (leaf thickness, height of the cells of the upper and lower epidermis, stoma density per 1 mm2 of the epidermis), stem, calyx and corolla was carried out. The size of cells, stoma, trichomes, as well as the frequency of the location of trichomes have been analyzed, too. The presence and localization of lipids, polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, essential oil, terpenoids, alkaloids in tissues and trichomes of the herb have been studied by histochemical methods using light and fluorescent microscopy.Conclusion. Morphological and anatomical study of the herb of the Melissa officinalis L. selection variety sample from the Nikitsky Botanical Garden collection has been carried out, diagnostically significant microscopic signs of raw materials have been revealed and their biometric characteristics have been established. For the first time the localization of characteristic secreted biologically active substances in the tissues and secretory structures of the herb has been studied by histochemical methods. The results of the experimental studies complement the scientific literature data and can be used to confirm the authenticity, identification and standardization of the aerial parts of this variety sample.

Comparative analysis of essential oil obtained from fresh and dried leaves of medicinal sage

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Tatyana Shcheglova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L ◽  
Medical University

The article presents results of the study of a comparative analysis of essential oil obtained from fresh and dried leaves of medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.), growing in the Botanical Garden of the First Moscow State Medical University named after Sechenov. The studies were carried out using gas chromatography– mass spectrometry. Qualitative and quantitative difference in the component composition of the essential oil obtained from fresh and dried raw materials was determined as a result of the study.

RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGY FOR PROCESSING MEDICINAL SAGE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т.В. ПЕЛИПЕНКО
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Process Flow Diagram ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Active Substances

Исследованы потенциальные возможности ресурсосберегающей технологии переработки шалфея лекарственного (ШЛ). Объектом исследования были образцы эфирномасличного сырья – свежеубранные надземные части ШЛ в фазе полного цветения растения и сухие листья ШЛ. Предложенная схема переработки включает следующие стадии: получение эфирного масла; извлечение конкрета из обезэфиренных отходов экстракцией углеводородным растворителем и последующей его отгонкой; получение абсолютного масла и очищенных восков из конкрета отходов; извлечение дитерпеновых соединений экстракцией этиловым спиртом из отходов сырья после обработки гексаном. В результате исследований фракционного состава сырья и особенностей локализации эфирного масла установлено, что массовая доля эфирного масла составляет, % к сухой массе исследуемых фракций: в листьях и соцветиях 2,75, в стеблях 0,31. Рекомендовано введение ограничительных норм по соотношению технически ценной фракции – листьев и соцветий и балластной – стеблей. Полученное из ШЛ эфирное масло имеет высокое содержание туйонов (31,50%), камфоры (21,0%) и 1,8-цинеола (18,80%). Выход дитерпеновых соединений при комплексной переработке эфирномасличного сырья ШЛ на 38,0% ниже, чем из сухих листьев растения. Однако при расчете на сухую массу листьев и соцветий, составляющих 62,3% от массы сырья, показатели отличаются незначительно. Общий выход продуктов, содержащих комплекс биологически активных веществ, составил 15,53 %, что подтверждает целесообразность использования комплексной переработки шалфея лекарственного. The potential of resource-saving technology for processing medicinal sage (MS) has been studied. Samples of essential oil raw materials-freshly harvested aboveground parts of MS in the phase of full flowering of the plant and dry leaves of MS were the object of research. The proposed process flow diagram includes the following stages: obtaining essential oil; recovering a particular from deester waste by extraction with a hydrocarbon solvent and its subsequent distillation; obtaining absolute oil and refined waxes from a specific waste; extraction of diterpene compounds from raw waste after treatment with hexane by extraction with ethyl alcohol. As a result of studies of the fractional composition of raw materials and the features of localization of essential oil, it was found that the mass fraction of essential oil is, % of the dry mass of the studied fractions: 2,75 in leaves and inflorescences, and 0,31 in stems. The introduction of restrictive norms on the ratio of technically valuable fraction – leaves and inflorescences and ballast – stems is recommended. The essential oil obtained from MS has a high content of tuyons (31,50%), camphor (21,0%) and 1,8-cineol (18,80%). The yield of diterpene compounds in the complex processing of essential oil raw materials MS is 38,0% lower than from dry leaves of the plant. However when calculating the dry mass of leaves and inflorescences, which make up 62,3% of the mass of raw materials, the indicators differ slightly. The total yield products containing a complex of biologically active substances amounted to 15,53%, which confirms the feasibility of complex processing of medicinal sage.

scholarly journals Fast screening of some flavonoids content in raw plant materials: opportunities of 1H NMR spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Gennady Kalabin ◽  
Vasilii Vasil’ev ◽  
Vasilii Ivlev ◽  
Vasilii Babkin
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
Raw Plant Materials

Environmental monitoring and assessment of the prospects for extracting biologically active substances (BAS) from various types of plant biomass requires the development of simple and fast methods for measuring their content in raw materials. A new approach for measuring the content of various flavonoids groups in plant raw material using 1H NMR spectroscopy has been developed, which allows to characterize its resource capabilities and study the effects on their composition different environmental factors without complex sample preparation and standard samples.

scholarly journals Prospects for the use of protein-carbohydrate complex based on mung bean seeds in the functional meat products technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 08004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Alexeev ◽  
Tatyana Alexeeva ◽  
Larisa Enaleva ◽  
Tatyana Tupolskikh ◽  
Nataliia Shumskaia
Keyword(s):  
Mung Bean ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
Carbohydrate Complex ◽  
Germinated Seeds

The use of new non-traditional types of plant materials in the diet is one of the ways to improve the meat products’ quality. The combination of plant proteins with animals creates biologically active amino-acid complexes which increase its bioavailability for organism and biological value of the product. In this case, the use of non-traditional plant materials in the production technology of new types of sausage products to improve the quality of the end product is prospective and relevant. Research objective is development of formulations and technologies for new types of high biological value products, based on combination of meat raw materials with functional additives of plant origin. The work was performed at the Department of Food Technology FSBEI HE «Don State Agrarian University», Persianovsky, Rostov region. The objects of research were the new protein-carbohydrate complexes based on flour from germinated seeds of mung bean, control and model forcemeat based on trim beef of first grade, lean trim pork and mid fat trim pork, and end products. Introduction to the cooked sausage products formulation of mung bean germinated seeds flour has a beneficial effect on the organoleptic properties of the end product and enriches it with biologically valuable substances.

scholarly journals Formula and Technology Development for Obtaining Biologically Active Natural Food Additives

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Станислав Смирнов ◽  
Stanislav Smirnov ◽  
Олия Фазуллина ◽  
Oliya Fazullina
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Natural Components

The research featured the development of formulae and technologies for the production of biologically active additives (BAA) for functional foods with potential adaptogenic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective properties. Shilajit, a natural mineral-organic substrate, and various plant materials were used as sources of natural biologically active substances (BAS). The relevance of the study comes from the need for more efficient use of natural biologically active compounds, as well as from the need to expand the range of domestic dietary supplements with natural ingredients, which resulted from the current import substitution. Scientific data and experimental studies made it possible to choose advantageous raw materials with BAS and to assess their safety and potential properties. An experiment determined the content of BAS in the raw materials and in the control samples. A compatibility test wasconducted by mixing. As a result, five formulae with various combinations of natural components in the composition were scientifically substantiated. The authors defined the physicochemical and technological properties of the mixtures of dry extracts that determined the choice of technology and the quality of the finished product. The present paper also describes technology of obtaining encapsulated dietary supplements based on dry extracts of medicinal plants and shilajit. The advantage of the technology lies in the use of natural components and special processing methods of BAS preservation. The research included the method of water-activated granulation while 20% ethyl was used as a wetting agent. To obtain the granulate, lactose (Russia) and AEROSIL® 200 Pharma (Evonik Industries, Germany) were used as additive agents. As a result, capsules with a dosage of 700 mg were developed. The BAA can be produced on food and pharmaceutical plants.

scholarly journals EXTRACTION OF FLAVONOIDS FROM THE LEAVES OF THE LITTLEWALE LITHOSPERMUM OFFICINALE L. (BORAGINACEAE) USING MICROWAVE ENERGY

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Yur'yevna Adamtsevich ◽  
Elena Vladimirovna Feskova ◽  
Valeriy Stanislavovich Boltovsky ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Titok
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Field Frequency ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Lithospermum Officinale

One of the possible ways to intensify and increase the efficiency of extraction of biologically active substances from plant materials is the use of microwave radiation. This article presents the results of a study of the influence of parameters of the microwave extraction process on the output of flavonoids from the leaves of the littlewale (Lithospermum officinale L.), belonging to the Boraginaceae family. This plant contains isoquercitrin, which is one of the key flavonoids with the property of tissue regeneration. It was shown that the maximum yield of the target components is achieved with a microwave generator power of 100 W and exposure duration of 2.5 min at a field frequency of 2450 MHz (specific energy consumption is 8.4 kWh/kg). This output is comparable with the output when using conventional convection heating. Microwave radiation provides a 16-fold reduction in the duration of extraction of the sum of flavonoids and an increase in the degree of extraction of isoquercitrin by 23%. The action of microwave energy leads to the destruction of plant tissue, which contributes to a more efficient extraction of flavonoids from plant raw materials.

scholarly journals Results of competitive variety trials of promising cultivar of Melissa officinalis L. subsp. Altissima (Smith.) Arcang.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Nevkrytaya ◽  
◽  
I.A. Novikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Variety Trials ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Fresh Plant ◽  
Fresh Plant Material ◽  
Germacrene D

In 2017–2019, a competitive variety trial of promising cultivar MD 1-17 of Melissa officinalis L. subsp. Altissima (Smith.) Arcang was conducted. We compared it with M. officinalis L. subsp. Officinalis varieties ‘Krymchanka’ and ‘Lada’. Сultivar MD 1-17 significantly exceeds other varieties in terms of yield of fresh plant material (on average, by 77.4 and 62.2 %, respectively). It also surpasses variety ‘Krymchanka’ (the best in collecting essential oil from air-dried raw materials) by 57.1 %. Basic components presented in the essential oil of M. officinalis L. subsp. Altissima (Smith.) Arcang. cv. MD 1-17. Promising cultivar are caryophyllene (25.3–35.9 %) and germacrene D (17.7–31.2 %). Citral is almost completely absent or present in an insignificant amount (0.1–7.3 %); its proportion in the essential oil of varieties ‘Krymchanka’ and ‘Lada’ can reach 36.6 %.

scholarly journals The content of macro- and microelements in plants of the genus Artemisia under conditions of introduction in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
O. A. Коrablova ◽  
D. B. Rakhmetov ◽  
M. I. Shanaida ◽  
O. M. Vergun ◽  
Т. S. Bagatska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Artemisia Dracunculus ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Purpose. To determine mineral composition of plants of species of the genus Artemisia (A. dracunculus L., A. abrotanum L. and A. argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot) to determine the possibility of their safe use in the food and pharmaceutical industries of Ukraine. Methods. X‑ray fluorescence method for determining the elemental composition of plant raw materials. Results. The content of mineral elements in plants of the genus Artemisia was determined depending on their ability to absorb elements from the soil and accumulate in the roots and organs of the aerial part was determined. The quantitative content of 21 macro- and microelements was established, and some peculiarities of their migration and distribution in the soil – roots – plant system were revealed. In particular, the aerial part of the studied plants contains K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn, which are the most important elements in the life of the plant organism. The content of mesoelements Ca and S is quite high. The amount of toxic elements Pb, Sr and Zr in plants is insignificant. Elements K and S accumulate in the aerial part. The content of elements in the aerial part of plants by decreasing their concentration can be represented in the form of the following series: for Artemisia dracunculus – S> K> Ca> Cl> Fe> Sr> Zn> Mn> Cu> Zr> Rb> Br> Cr; for A. abrotanum – K> Ca> S> Cl> Fe> Zn> Sr> Mn> Cu> Br> Cr> Co> Zr> Rb> Ni; for A. argyi – K> Ca> S> Fe> Cl> Sr> Zn> Mn> Co> Zr> Cu> Rb> Br> Se. The content of toxic elements in the studied plants was lower than the maximum allowable concentrations for plant raw materials and food. Conclusions. For the first time under conditions of introduction in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine in the plants Artemisia dracunculus, A. abrotanum and A. argyi the content of macro- and microelements, which are directly related to the metabolism of biologically active compounds, was determined. The peculiarities of their distribution by plant organs during the transition from soil to aboveground mass have been clarified. The obtained results can be used to evaluate and compare the quality of plant raw materials of the genus Artemisia, to determine the pharmacological properties of these plants associated with some elements of the mineral composition, and their use in the medical and food industries. The obtained data have both scientific and practical significance in the selection of economically valuable plant species for the enrichment of the cultivated flora of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Application of Luminescent Microscopy in Analysis of Anatomic-diagnostic Signs of Fruits of Sea Buckthorn

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
O. V. Trineeva ◽  
A. A. Gudkova ◽  
M. A. Rudaya
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Fatty Oil ◽  
Luminescent Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Signs ◽  
Promising Source

Introduction. Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), the family Eleagnaceae – a promising source of biologically active substances, the traditional raw materials of which are fruits. The existing regulatory documentation (ND) lacks such an indicator of the authenticity and good quality of the fruit as «microscopy». Despite the available data on the anatomy and histology of the fruits of this type of medicinal plant material (MPM), the scientific literature does not describe the luminescence features of the tissues of sea buckthorn fruit. It is known that the luminescent features of tissues make it possible to identify the localization of biologically active structures, and also, in some cases, to conduct selective diagnosis of MPM.Aim. The aim of this work was to study the characteristics of the luminescence of the tissues of dried crushed fruits of sea buckthorn, and also to optimize the conditions for analysis.Materials and methods. The object of the study was the dried, crushed fruits of sea buckthorn of various species. The study of microdiagnostic signs was carried out according to the State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV RF GPA.1.5.3.0003.15 «Technique of microscopic and microchemical studies of medicinal plant materials and herbal medicines». A stereomicroscopic study was carried out on a Biomed-6 microscope. The luminescence of sea buckthorn fruit tissues was examined using a luminescent microscope of the Micromed-3 Lum brand.Results and discussion. The most pronounced yellow glow is observed for the tissue of the pulp and epidermis of the fetus, which is associated with the highest content of fatty oil in these structures. Groups of phenolic compounds contained along with oil give a greenish tint to objects, while condensed tannins give a brownish tint. The plates that make up the corymbose hairs do not exhibit bright luminescence; a weak glow is characteristic of the joints of the hair platelets. The walls of stellate hairs have a faint greenish glow. Fragments of the actual fruit («sac») are brownish in color, without their own luminescence, as well as the seed peel. The embryo has its own greenish luminescence due to the presence of both a fatty oil and a complex of storage substances.Conclusion. The luminescent analysis of sea buckthorn fruits was carried out for the first time. The choice of a method for preparing the studied MPM for microscopic examination is experimentally substantiated. The luminescent analysis revealed the peculiarities of the glow of the tissues of the fruits of sea buckthorn. The main microdiagnostic signs of crushed dried sea buckthorn fruits and their biometric characteristics are specified. The analysis of the obtained data will allow us to further develop the section «Microscopic signs» for inclusion in the PA project on MPM, widely cultivated and used by the domestic pharmaceutical industry for the production of herbal medicines.

scholarly journals Members of the family Lamiaceae Lindl. as sources of medicinal plant raw materials to obtain neurotropic drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-28
Author(s):  
Е. V. Zvezdina ◽  
J. V. Dayronas ◽  
I. I. Bochkareva ◽  
I. N. Zilfikarov ◽  
E. Yu. Babaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Neurotropic Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Substances ◽  
The Family ◽  
Active Substances

The aim of this work is to review and analyze the data published in the modern scientific literature obtained in pharmacological, pharmacognostic and pharmacotechnological studies of various types of raw materials obtained from members of the family Lamiaceae L., which were sources of biologically active substances, pharmaceutical substances, total extracts and the drugs – with a neurotropic activity.Materials and methods. For the review, we used the information of scientific literature from open and accessible sources of the last twenty years, located in the scientific and technical libraries of institutions, as well as in electronic databases: Elibrary, PubMed, Scopus, Cyberleninka, GoogleAcademy, J-Stage. The search inquiries were: the species of the family Lamiaceae (Russian and Latin), the samples of medicinal plant materials based on them as well as the names of the drugs and biologically active substances obtained from these raw materials.Results. When working with the sources of scientific information, the main attention was paid to pharmacologic tests performed during the studies on laboratory animals and proving the presence of neurotropic activity in the studied objects – essential oils and extracts from plant raw materials: aqueous, aqueous alcoholic, and methanol ones. It has been established that the potential of the therapeutic and preventive application of pharmaceutical substances and drugs based on the medicinal plant materials obtained from 30 genera members of the Lamiaceae family, remains unrealized despite the close attention of various researchers.Conclusion. This review comprised 71 species from 30 genera. Despite the significant level of the previous study presented in the analysis of this publication, an enormous potential of this family’s species remains unexplored. In the future, they can be of both – pharmacognostic and practical interest, in particular, in creation of new medicinal preparations of the neurotropic action based on them.

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