Mastitis and breastfeeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 992-992
Author(s):  
V. Gruzdev
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Schreiner (Zentr. F. GynJ 1924, No. 19) finds that at the first clinical signs of mastitis, the baby should be weaned from the diseased breast for several days, the latter should be given absolute rest, and anti-inflammatory treatment should be applied.

scholarly journals Novel multi-strain probiotics reduces Pasteurella multocida induced fowl cholera mortality in broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rine Christopher Reuben ◽  
Shovon Lal Sarkar ◽  
Habiba Ibnat ◽  
Md. Ali Ahasan Setu ◽  
Pravas Chandra Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Fowl Cholera ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractPasteurella multocida causes fowl cholera, a highly contagious poultry disease of global concern, causing significant ecological and economic challenges to the poultry industry each year. This study evaluated the effects of novel multi-strain probiotics consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. fermentum, Pediococcus acidilactici, Enterococcus faecium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, haemato-biochemical parameters and anti-inflammatory properties on broilers experimentally challenged with P. multocida. A total of 120 birds were fed with a basal diet supplemented with probiotics (108 CFU/kg) and then orally challenged with 108 CFU/mL of P. multocida. Probiotics supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) improved growth performance and feed efficiency as well as reducing (P < 0.05) the population of intestinal P. multocida, enterobacteria, and mortality. Haemato-biochemical parameters including total cholesterol, white blood cells (WBC), proteins, glucose, packed cell volume (PCV) and lymphocytes improved (P < 0.05) among probiotic fed birds when compared with the controls. Transcriptional profiles of anti-inflammatory genes including hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1A), tumor necrosis factor- (TNF) stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) and prostaglandin E receptor 2 (PTGER2) in the intestinal mucosa were upregulated (P < 0.05) in probiotics fed birds. The dietary inclusion of the novel multi-strain probiotics improves growth performance, feed efficiency and intestinal health while attenuating inflammatory reaction, clinical signs and mortality associated with P. multocida infection in broilers.

scholarly journals Epobis is a Nonerythropoietic and Neuroprotective Agonist of the Erythropoietin Receptor with Anti-Inflammatory and Memory Enhancing Effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Dmytriyeva ◽  
Stanislava Pankratova ◽  
Irina Korshunova ◽  
Peter S. Walmod
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Erythropoietin Receptor ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Epo Receptor ◽  
Antioxidative Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Memory Enhancing

The cytokine erythropoietin (EPO) stimulates proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. Moreover, EPO has neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative effects, but the use of EPO as a neuroprotective agent is hampered by its erythropoietic activity. We have recently designed the synthetic, dendrimeric peptide, Epobis, derived from the sequence of human EPO. This peptide binds the EPO receptor and promotes neuritogenesis and neuronal cell survival. Here we demonstrate that Epobisin vitropromotes neuritogenesis in primary motoneurons and has anti-inflammatory effects as demonstrated by its ability to decrease TNF release from activated AMJ2-C8 macrophages and rat primary microglia. When administered systemically Epobis is detectable in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid, demonstrating that the peptide crosses the blood-brain barrier. Importantly, Epobis is not erythropoietic, but systemic administration of Epobis in rats delays the clinical signs of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis, and the peptide has long-term, but not short-term, effects on working memory, detected as an improved social memory 3 days after administration. These data reveal Epobis to be a nonerythropoietic and neuroprotective EPO receptor agonist with anti-inflammatory and memory enhancing properties.

scholarly journals Limber tail syndrome in German shepherd dog

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazanfar Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Saqib ◽  
Mudassar Niaz Mughal ◽  
Asif Ali But ◽  
Ghulam Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
German Shepherd ◽  
German Shepherd Dog ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Freeze Water

A 3-year-old intact female German shepherd dog weighing 25 kg was evaluated for acute onset of staggering gait and flaccid (dropped) tail following immersion in freeze water. Clinical signs included staggering gait, aggressive behavior, postural pain and flaccid tail. Clinical signs progressed in severity for 2-3 hours following immersion in freeze water. The dog was treated using anti-inflammatory medication along with warm fomentation of the affected portion of the tail and complete rest. Dog uneventfully recovered on day 7 of initiation of treatment and no reoccurrence was observed during one month follow up period. Limber tail syndrome is an uncommonly reported condition in German shepherd dogs that should be considered when sudden staggering gait and dropped tail is observed after immersion in too cold water. Recovery is possible with anti-inflammatory drugs and rest.

scholarly journals Hookworm-Derived Metabolites Suppress Pathology in a Mouse Model of Colitis and Inhibit Secretion of Key Inflammatory Cytokines in Primary Human Leukocytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phurpa Wangchuk ◽  
Catherine Shepherd ◽  
Constantin Constantinoiu ◽  
Rachael Y. M. Ryan ◽  
Konstantinos A. Kouremenos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Human Leukocytes ◽  
Polar Metabolites ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

ABSTRACT Iatrogenic hookworm therapy shows promise for treating disorders that result from a dysregulated immune system, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Using a murine model of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we demonstrated that low-molecular-weight metabolites derived from both somatic extracts (LMWM-SE) and excretory-secretory products (LMWM-ESP) of the hookworm, Ancylostoma caninum, display anti-inflammatory properties. Administration to mice of LMWM-ESP as well as sequentially extracted fractions of LMWM-SE using both methanol (SE-MeOH) and hexane-dichloromethane-acetonitrile (SE-HDA) resulted in significant protection against T cell-mediated immunopathology, clinical signs of colitis, and impaired histological colon architecture. To assess bioactivity in human cells, we stimulated primary human leukocytes with lipopolysaccharide in the presence of hookworm extracts and showed that SE-HDA suppressed ex vivo production of inflammatory cytokines. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography-MS analyses revealed the presence of 46 polar metabolites, 22 fatty acids, and five short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the LMWM-SE fraction and 29 polar metabolites, 13 fatty acids, and six SCFAs in the LMWM-ESP fraction. Several of these small metabolites, notably the SCFAs, have been previously reported to have anti-inflammatory properties in various disease settings, including IBD. This is the first report showing that hookworms secrete small molecules with both ex vivo and in vivo anti-inflammatory bioactivity, and this warrants further exploration as a novel approach to the development of anti-inflammatory drugs inspired by coevolution of gut-dwelling hookworms with their vertebrate hosts.

scholarly journals Immune Profile of the Nasal Mucosa in Patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
María J. Gómez-Zafra ◽  
Adriana Navas ◽  
Jimena Jojoa ◽  
Julieth Murillo ◽  
Camila González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Mucosal Disease ◽  
Mucosal Tissues ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

ABSTRACT Localized skin lesions are characteristic of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL); however, Leishmania (Viannia) species, which are responsible for most CL cases in the Americas, can spread systemically, sometimes resulting in mucosal disease. Detection of Leishmania has been documented in healthy mucosal tissues (conjunctiva, tonsils, and nasal mucosa) and healthy skin of CL patients and in individuals with asymptomatic infection in areas of endemicity of L. (V.) panamensis and L. (V.) braziliensis transmission. However, the conditions and mechanisms that favor parasite persistence in healthy mucosal tissues are unknown. In this descriptive study, we compared the cell populations of the nasal mucosa (NM) of healthy donors and patients with active CL and explored the immune gene expression signatures related to molecular detection of Leishmania in this tissue in the absence of clinical signs or symptoms of mucosal disease. The cellular composition and gene expression profiles of NM samples from active CL patients were similar to those of healthy volunteers, with a predominance of epithelial over immune cells, and within the CD45+ cell population, a higher frequency of CD66b+ followed by CD14+ and CD3+ cells. In CL patients with molecular evidence of Leishmania persistence in the NM, genes characteristic of an anti-inflammatory and tissue repair responses (IL4R, IL5RA, POSTN, and SATB1) were overexpressed relative to NM samples from CL patients in which Leishmania was not detected. Here, we report the first immunological description of subclinically infected NM tissues of CL patients and provide evidence of a local anti-inflammatory environment favoring parasite persistence in the NM.

Possible drug-induced follicular mucinosis in a dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. e000811
Author(s):  
Tatiana de Brito Lima ◽  
Laura Ordeix ◽  
Dolors Fondevila
Keyword(s):  
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Complete Remission ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Daily Regimen ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
One Year ◽  
Entire Male

A nine-year-old, entire male basset hound presented with one-year history of pruritus and patchy to diffuse alopecia accompanied by erythema, starting a few days after applying an implant of deslorelin for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Dermatopathological examination was diagnostic for follicular mucinosis, accompanied by a characteristic lymphocytic mural folliculitis at the level of the isthmus. Partial improvement with anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone was observed. Thereafter, oral ciclosporin was administered on a daily regimen until complete remission was achieved, after which it was gradually tapered until withdrawal. No other implants were applied thereafter, and two years later the patient remains free of clinical signs.

scholarly journals P055 Effect of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia extract on DSS-induced colitis in Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S161-S162
Author(s):  
A Garnevi Fávero ◽  
T S Cordeiro ◽  
K N Silva ◽  
L Cardili ◽  
M J D Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Iinflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease characterised by dysregulation of the immune function response and imbalanced release of cytokines and unresolved inflammatory progress associated with the intestinal mucosa. In this way, new drugs are constantly tested as a novel treatment option. Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (MC) has been described as a potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-haemorrhagic, astringent, anthelmintic and diuretic. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of MC extract on dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in Wistar rats. Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomised into five groups: Sham; 5% DSS-induced colitis; control MC extract (125 mg/kg/day); 5% DSS-induced colitis treated with MC (125 mg/kg/day); 5% DSS-induced colitis treated with MC + 5-ASA (125 mg/kg/day for both). Colitis was induced by administration of 5% DSS (MP Biomedicals), diluted in drinking water and offered ad libitum for 5 days. MC plant extract was diluted in water and administered by oral gavage per 6 days. The leaf extracts were prepared in 70 gl ethanol and dried in a Buchi B19 Mini-spray dryer using 20% aerosol. The selection of the operating conditions used was followed by the Laboratory of Medicinal and Phytotherapeutic Plants of Unifal-MG. After the induction of colitis, body weight, general health status and faecal characteristics will be evaluated daily. All rats were euthanised on the ninth day of the experiment. The entire colon was dissected and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin at room temperature and embedded in paraffin to provide sections for histological evaluation (Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals number 4362180119). The severity of colitis was evaluated in sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin. Parameters such as inflammation extent, regeneration and crypt damage were graded according to Dieleman et al. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey post hoc test using Graph Pad Prism (version 6.0). Results MC extract treatment reduced significantly the severity of DSS-induced colitis evidenced by a decreased in clinical symptoms (p &lt; 0.0001). The rats treated with MC extract showed a decreased in diarrhoea episodes and rectal bleeding. We observed histopathological changes of colon tissue between the DSS-treatment and control groups, however, without statistical significance. The MC extract treatment reduced the damage to the colonic tissue evidenced by a decreased of inflammatory cells, ulcerations, and goblet cell preservation. Conclusion MC extract reduces the clinical signs and suggests a potential anti-inflammatory effect on DSS-induced colitis.

Early detection and treatment for bovine respiratory disease

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Tim Potter
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Costs Of Treatment ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
On Farm

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex syndrome that can cause significant economic impact on farm through the immediate costs of treatment as well as long-term production losses, and increased risk of mortality or premature departure from the herd. The clinical signs and pathology are due in part to the host's response to inflammatory mediators that are produced in reaction to the presence of the pathogens. Variation in individual animals' responses to the sepsis associated with BRD result in the spectrum of clinical signs and disease severity observed on farm. The variation in clinical picture presents a diagnostic challenge for farmers and can negatively impact disease detection. The use of objective scoring systems for BRD can facilitate the detection and provide a means of monitoring disease at a herd or group level. While antimicrobials remain the mainstay of BRD treatment on farm, the use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) alongside them has become commonplace, with the aim of promoting more rapid recovery via their analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic actions.

scholarly journals Combinations of Antiviral and Anti-Inflammatory Preparations for the Topical Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus Assessed using a Murine Zosteriform Infection Model

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Awan ◽  
J Harmenberg ◽  
O Flink ◽  
HJ Field
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Virus Clearance ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

Recently we have reported a zosteriform murine infection model which employs the adoptive transfer of immune cells (ATI) to recipient infected mice to produce a disease that mimics human recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease. Mice were infected with HSV-1 by scarification at the lateroventral line of the neck; 2 days later, the mice received immune cells from HSV-1-infected syngeneic mice. Although virus was cleared more quickly from the target tissues of virus replication in recipient mice, ATI resulted in a heightened inflammatory response and delayed healing. This model was used to test the effects of topical formulations containing foscarnet and/or the anti-inflammatory agent, hydrocortisone. Virus clearance and clinical signs, including ear thickness and zosteriform spread of lesions, were studied. Treatment with 3% foscarnet accelerated virus clearance but had little effect on clinical parameters. By contrast, 0.5% hydrocortisone increased the titre and extended the presence of infectious virus for at least 6 days, although the reduction in clinical signs was greater than that obtained with topical foscarnet. Foscarnet in combination with hydrocortisone produced a marked reduction in clinical signs while virus replication was reduced. These results are discussed in relation to the inflammation and discomfort experienced by patients and a possible role for anti-inflammatory formulations in the treatment of HSV reactivation episodes in man.

scholarly journals Outcome of a Ceratohyiodectomy in a Criollo Mare with Temporohyoid Osteoarthropathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Andrade Mousquer ◽  
Leandro Americo Rafael ◽  
Nathalia De Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Margarida Aires da Silva ◽  
Taís Scheffer del Pino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Corneal Ulcer ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Autologous Serum ◽  
Intraoperative Complication ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Right

 Background: Temporohyoid osteoarthropathy (THO) is a progressive disease that causes acute onset of peripheral vestibular signs with or without facial paralysis. Ankylosis of temporhyoid joint occurs which predispose to fractures of the involved bones and consequently causes the commonly neurological signs observed. Clinical signs vary depending on the stage of the disease and the nerves affected. Surgical treatment is advised to improve survival rates in which the ceratohyoidectomy is currently known as the most advantageous. The aim of the present study is to report a case and outcome of a ceratohyoidectomy procedure in a Criollo mare presenting THO of the right temporohyoid joint.Case: A 17-year-old Criollo mare was referred to the Equine clinical hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas with a 5-day history of facial paralysis on the right side, head tilt and difficulty to chew and swallow. Auricular, palpebral and labial ptosis along with deviation of the lip and nostril to the left were observed. A corneal ulcer was also identified in the right eye. Complementary imaging exams (endoscopy of the guttural pouches and radiography of the head) were performed and showed thickening of the right stylohyoid bone confirming a diagnosis of THO. Anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapy were administered and the corneal ulcer was treated with topical antibiotics and autologous serum. Due to rapid deterioration of clinical signs, the mare was referred to surgery. A ceratohyoidectomty procedure was performed under general anesthesia. In this procedure, the ceratohyoid bone was disarticulated from the ceratohyoid-basihyoid joint and removed. During the procedure, a branch of the linguofacial vein was accidentally incised causing hemorrhage, the branch was identified and successfully ligated. Recovery was uneventful. Supportive treatment with anti-inflammatory and antibiotics was continued after surgery and two sessions of electro-acupuncture was also performed to improve the nerve paralysis. The electro-acupuncture was discontinued due to mare’s negative behavior on needle insertion in the face. The treatment of the ulcer was changed since no improvement was observed in the first days. Twenty-eight days after hospitalization, the mare was discharged with the ulcer healed and significant improvement of neurological signs. A complete recovery occurred within three months.Discussion: The Criollo mare was referred to the hospital presenting mild neurological signs consistent with vestibular alteration and facial nerve paralysis. The THO diagnosis was confirmed using complementary imaging exams in which the endoscopy of the guttural pouch is considered the most common when computed tomography, a more sensitive one, is not available. Unilateral ceratohyoidectomy was performed as a surgical choice of treatment since it has a higher survival rate and lower recurrence rate in comparison to medical treatment and to stylohyoidectomy. As the main intraoperative complication, a vessel was accidentally incised, however this is described to occur in some cases. Despite that, the procedure was successfully performed and the mare had a complete recovery of the neurological signs and corneal ulcer. In conclusion, this report showed that it is important to have a complete diagnosis of these diseases and a consistent treatment plan to improve patient’s survival and quality of life.Keywords: neurologic disease, peripheral vestibular signs, facial paralysis, ceratohyoid bone, ceratohyoidectomy.

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