scholarly journals Prof. M. Ya. Breitman. Dictionary of clinical terminology based on the latest Russian and foreign sources. Issue IV. Ed. Practical Medicine 1929. Price 4 rubles

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1229-1230
Author(s):  
S. A. Belsky
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Practical Medicine ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Clinical Terminology ◽  
Difficult Position

With the publication of the 4th edition of the dictionary by prof. Breitman, we have completed a great work on medical lexicography. One can disagree with the author's peculiar spelling like "gynecology", "Pasteur", etc., but one can in no way dispute the value and necessity of this manual for our time. The absence of such reference books on the book market, as well as the doctor's ignorance of a foreign language, often puts him in a difficult position when he wants to establish the exact pronunciation, spelling or meaning of a clinical term. Therefore, the dictionary of prof. Breitman will undoubtedly serve for a long time to be a reliable reference in all matters concerning clinical terminology. It is very good that the author also gives an indication of the pronunciation of surnames and proper names. At this point, everyone may be puzzled. The dictionary will solve them. In this note, we will allow ourselves to note some errors and controversies regarding terms in the interest of correcting them for the 2nd edition.

Chronofact Names: Their Transformations in Contemporary MassMedia

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Irina Kryukova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
New Words ◽  
Technological Disasters ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tragic Event ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
Historical Periods

The article presents the results of the study devoted to the semantic transformations of chronofact names understood as proper names referring to resonance events that are often tragic. In spite of many studies devoted to the processes of new words activation in various historical periods, proper names, with rare exceptions, are not included in the phenomena under the study. The objective of the following research is to identify universal features of chronofact names that make it possible to study these names as a separate group of onyms with their specific semantic and motivational characteristics. The proper names that have become the symbols of technological disasters, terrorist attacks, antigovernment actions, etc. (Chernobyl, Fukushima, Nord-Ost, Beslan, Bolotnaya Square, Maydan, and so on) served as the material of this study. Contextual analysis of these names in Russian media in the last decades, as well as component analysis of the connotative semantics of each name, allowed the author to select several common characteristics of chronofact names. First, every chronofact name undergoes rapid semantic transformations in the following order: it denotes a certain object – it denotes a singular tragic event (metonymy) and the development of a connotative onym – it denotes any other similar event (metaphor) and develops the characteristics of a precedent name. Second, chronofact names display same lexical and grammatical signs and they are used in homogenous contexts. Third, under certain extra-linguistic conditions, chronofact names are capable of expanding their figurative meanings and denoting a genuine notion for a long time. The material under the analysis is of interest to theoretical understanding of connotation as well as lexicographic description.

scholarly journals Labels and Realities: The Relevance of Terms like ESL and EFL in a Linguistically Complex World

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Language ◽  
World Englishes ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Complex World ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Expanding Circle ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Efl Students

For a long time, ELT (‘English language teaching’) scholars and practitioners have used terms like ‘ESL’ (‘English as a second language’) and ‘EFL’ (‘English as a foreign language’) unquestioningly to describe the English used by people outside the so-called ENL (‘English as a native language’) circle. For example, ELT practitioners may conveniently refer to students from places like China, Vietnam and Thailand as EFL students. Interestingly, we find counterparts of such terms in ‘World Englishes’ studies; Braj Kachru’s ‘Inner Circle English’, ‘Outer Circle English’ and ‘Expanding Circle English’ essentially refer to ENL ESL and EFL respectively. Despite the popularity of such terms in scholarly circles, the problems associated with their use have not often been explored in depth. Nevertheless, some authors have described such problems. For example, commenting on the distinction between ESL and EFL, Nayar (1997, p. 10) states, “a great deal of referential fuzziness within the two and denotative overlap between the two are making the terminological distinctions unclear, impractical, and ineffective or, worse still, in some cases inauspicious and irrelevant.” This special issue aims to further examine the use and relevance of these terms.

scholarly journals Cultural issues in Syrian EFL classrooms

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 4117
Author(s):  
Ömer Gökhan Ulum
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Efl Students

Whether we should teach culture or not when we teach English as a Foreign Language has been great concern for a long time. Which one should be contained in EFL course books? The culture of the target language or the own culture of EFL learners? Regarding this issue, many researchers have a diversity of opinions, however; this study was conducted having resource to descriptive research design, in that it aims to understand the perspectives of the Syrian EFL students on cultural elements in their course books. A questionnaire and an interview,which were administered to 103 Syrian EFL students,were used in order to gather the required data. SPSS(v20.0), aStatistical Program for Social Sciences was employed in order to analyze the collected data. As a result of the findings, it was found out that Syrian EFL students had generally positive perspectives on the cultural elements of the target language contained in their course books

scholarly journals Causes of Vocational College Students’ Reticence in EFL Classrooms of Mainland China – based on Panxi Vocational College

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Jun Fu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Classroom Behaviors ◽  
Vocational College ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Efl Classrooms

This article reports on a study of students’ reticence in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classrooms in Panxi Vocational College in Sichuan Province of Mainland China. Forty-one students answered a 28-item questionnaire. The students’ reticence levels, general tendency of unwillingness-to-speak, and their learning behaviors were identified. Individual and social factors contributing to the reticence phenomenon in the vocational college’s EFL classrooms were also determined. The results suggested that culture have strong influences on Chinese vocational college students’ reticence. However, their habitual classroom behaviors that have been established for a long time should be taken into account in regard to their reticence.

scholarly journals FROM IVAN BOBERSKYI’S LETTERS TO OSTAP HRYTSAI

2018 ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
Yurii Mytsyk ◽  
Inna Tarasenko
Keyword(s):  
Great Work ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Political Figure ◽  
Shed Light

The article analyses the correspondence of Ivan Boberskyi’s public-political figure with writer Ostap Hrytsai. The author of the publication provides brief information about the authors of the letters and the history of archival collections, where these documents were stored. The letters show the great work of Ukrainian emigration in preserving the national historical heritage. They point out the last period of Boberskyi’s life, which is almost unknown to researchers. From them it is clear, that he continued patriotic work for the benefit of Ukraine, and, in particular, he took care to preserve his archives and archives of the Ukrainian Sichovi Striltsi (USS), which collected for a long time “protocols, notes, letters, plates from the picture in the field, photographs, magazines, prints, books”. Letters shed light on the still unknown circumstances of life and work of Ivan Boberskyi, his strong ties with Ostap Hrytsai. Their content broadens the idea of activity in interwar Ukrainian emigration, primarily in Vienna.

scholarly journals Official and non-official proper names in a bilingual onymic landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-141
Author(s):  
Ján Bauko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Visual Representation ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Time Region ◽  
State Language

Abstract The paper deals with the visual representation of official and non-official proper names in a bilingual onymic landscape. The onymic landscape consists of official and non-official proper names located on nameplates, inscriptions in public spaces, various areas and extralingual signs that point to their names. Research into the visual representation of proper names is a relatively new area of socioonomastics. The onymic landscape changes dynamically depending on the time, region and socio-cultural dimension; the state, local governments, business and civil spheres participate in its creation. The state regulates the use of official proper names through language policy and also influences their visualization. In addition to official forms, non-official forms of proper names appear in the onymic landscape. In a bilingual onymic landscape, proper names are visualized not only in the state language but also in the language of the minority, resp. another foreign language. The author examines the bilingual anthroponymic, toponymic and chrematonymic landscape of Slovak-Hungarian bilingual municipalities in Southern Slovakia.

scholarly journals Geopolitical consequences of the transfer of the Metropolitan Department from Kiev to Vladimir over Klyazma (13th c.)

2005 ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Ruslana M. Sheretyuk
Keyword(s):  
Political Power ◽  
The South ◽  
Permanent Residence ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Difficult Position

The relocation of two Metropolitan Metropolitan Kirill II (1250-1281) and Maxim (1285-1305) to the North, to Vladimir above Klyazma, put the Galicia-Volyn state and the Ukrainian Church in a difficult position. While Kiev remained the actual Metropolitan Chair, the latter could stay in the northern Russian cities for a long time, without causing much anxiety or dissatisfaction in the South. However, with the relocation of Metropolitan Maxim to permanent residence in the capital of the North-Russian Grand Duke (1299), the rulers of the southwestern region of Russia realized that in this way they were losing significant spiritual and political power, which henceforth gave the North the advantage of the All-Russian genius.

Idioms with a time component in the speech of Russian Germans

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
L. I. Moskalyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Original Language ◽  
Time Component ◽  
German Dialects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
Russian Germans

The phraseological fund of German island dialects of the Altai Territory in Russia is signifi-cantly distinctive, containing many phraseological units differing from standard and original dialect variants. These features are revealed when analyzing the Russian-German dialect phraseological system fragment, i. e., phraseological units with time components. The devel-opment of the phraseological fund of the island dialects concerned is defined by the presence of common German phraseological units represented in standard German and modern German dialects, the preservation of old elements of the phraseological system, out of use in the territory of the original language group, and a certain permeability caused by the influence of a foreign language environment. Taken together, these facts explain the phraseological varia-bility and emergence of some distinctive features in the researched fragment of the phraseo-logical system of the dialects under consideration, resulting from originally related dialects being mixed and influenced by the Russian language. Most of the phraseological units of is-land Russian-German dialects under consideration are represented by dialect idioms with time components that differ in their structure and/or semantics from phraseological units of the German literary language. The differences in structure are associated with the presence of dia-lectic phonetic and grammatical features of dialects, which are superimposed by the lexical-semantic features that appeared in the process of the dialect existence in a foreign language environment for a long time. Idioms with time components belong to the active phraseological fund of the language, with their active usage indicating a particular significance in the Russian-German cultural space.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF GOOGLE IN INDEPENDENT WORK IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING OF OFF-CAMPUS STUDENTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Kupriyanycheva ◽  
◽  
Anastasia A. Filippova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Secondary School Education ◽  
Distant Supervision ◽  
Self Study ◽  
Language Knowledge ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
Different Levels

The current article aims at offering a solution for the problem of structuring self-study activities of off-campus students studying a foreign language. It should be noted that the work with the off-campus students is specific as far as it is determined, first of all, by the deficit of classroom hours (from 8 to 16 hours of classroom work on the whole) spent on developing practical skills. This makes it impossible to work out all the necessary materials, as they do at the full-time department. The largest amount of student's work passes into the category of independently performed under the distant supervision. In addition, the off-campus students have different levels of foreign language knowledge and skills because students in such groups vary in the age rather considerably. The age category 35+ is usually most vulnerable as far as those university students finished their secondary school education a long time ago and have not practiced the foreign language for a long time...

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