scholarly journals Features of glucocorticoides using for treatment of a patient with a new coronaviral infection in the conditions of the observator on the basis of students’ dormitory. Clinical case

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Kuznetsova ◽  
Anna V. Lubimova ◽  
Zhanna V. Pleshanova ◽  
Olga S. Zamyatina ◽  
Nikita V. Donetskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Medical Monitoring ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of providing medical care for coronavirus infection in a university student who has been moved to an observatory organized in a hotel-type hostel of the university to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among students living in hostels. The article provides data on the positive experience of using dexamethasone in the treatment regimen for moderately severe disease, follow-up and examination data. The article considers the tactics of managing a patient with suspected COVID-19 in the presence of data for pneumonia according to computed tomography and clinical manifestations characteristic of a new coronavirus infection, which was later confirmed in the study of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. The importance of round-the-clock medical monitoring of persons placed in the observatory, finding out the details of the epidemiological history from them, as well as determining the tactics of their treatment with limited hospitalization opportunities in a growing number of patients with severe manifestations of COVID-19 requiring inpatient treatment is emphasized. A new coronavirus infection can lead to a rapid deterioration of the condition in young patients, which is not always manifested by severe lung damage according to computed tomography data, but is characterized by persistent fever that cannot be stopped by antipyretics, as well as severe muscle pain, severe asthenia, which can be considered as clinical indicators of the development of hyperactive inflammatory syndrome. The use in the treatment regimen of intravenous dexamethasone at a dose of 0.1 mg / kg of body weight twice led to a rapid normalization of temperature, relief of all clinical symptoms and was not accompanied by any complications both in the early period of convalescence and 2 months after discharge from the observatory.

Features of mahagment of a patient with a new coronaviral infection in the observator on the basis of student’s dormitory

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Olga Yu. Kuznetsova ◽  
Alexandr V. Meltser ◽  
Anna V. Lubimova ◽  
Zhanna V. Pleshanova ◽  
Olga S. Zamyatina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Patients ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hypochromic Anemia ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complicated Course ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Severe Weakness

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of clinical manifestations and the severity of a new coronary virus infection in a university student transferred to an observatory organized in a hotel-type hostel to prevent the spread of COVID-19 among students living in hostels. The data on the epidemiological history of the patient, the results of clinical observation and examination are provided. The tactics of managing a patient with a suspected of COVID-19 on an outpatient basis, symptoms that determine the indications for hospitalization, the results of examination and treatment in a hospital, and further observation at the observatory are considered. A new coronavirus infection can lead to a rapid deterioration in the condition of young patients, which does not correlate with indicators indicating lung damage on the 5th day of the disease. Persistent hyperthermia and severe weakness with anorexia can be indicators of the complicated course of the disease, including the development of hyperactive inflammatory syndrome. Hypochromic anemia can be another disease, which is an unfavorable background for the development of COVID-19. The course of the new coronavirus infection in young patients requires careful attention and further study.

scholarly journals The multispiral computed tomography in the early diagnosis of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-568
Author(s):  
P. M. Kotlyarov ◽  
N. I. Sergeev ◽  
V. A. Solodkiy ◽  
D. G. Soldatov
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
High Confidence ◽  
Chest Computed Tomography ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

The high informative value of chest computed tomography in the diagnosis of pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2 is generally recognized, but there is no enough data on the diagnostic capabilities of this method within 5 first days of the clinical manifestations of the disease. The paper presents the results of chest multispiral (multislice) computed tomography (MSCT) of 56 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in the early days of the disease. The aim of the study was to analyze the semiotics of pathological changes in the lungs in the first days of the onset of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and to clarify the methodology for conducting MSCT. Methods. The data of chest MSCT of 56 patients with clinical symptoms of a new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed. MSCT was carried out in the first 4 – 5 days of the disease. Results. Five variants for the development of the disease were revealed, including atypical, characterized by the prevalence and CT semiotics of lung damage and apparently due to the different response of the patients to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The leading signs of COVID-19 pneumonia in the early stages of the disease were foci of ground glass opacification (GGO), multifocal lesions of the lungs, edema of the interalveolar pulmonary interstitium, which distinguishes it from pneumonia of another etiology. Conclusion. Comparison of MSCT data and the clinical picture of the disease during the first 5 days suggests with high confidence the pneumonia associated with COVID-19. A prerequisite for conducting MSCT in case of suspicion of this type of pneumonia is the implementation of thin 0.5 – 1.5 mm sections, MSCT performance at suspended full inspiration, post-processing of unenhanced tomogram data in MinIP mode.

scholarly journals Study of the role of digital radiological examination in the diagnosis of lung changes in Coronavirus disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-90
Author(s):  
R. M. Spuziak ◽  
R. V. Ulko ◽  
O. V. Maksimishyn ◽  
E. P. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Radiological Examination ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Reticular Pattern ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Health Organization

Introduction. World Health Organization announced that COVID-19 was a “public health emergency”. Тhe number of patients with COVID-19 and deaths from this disease are increasing every day, so the issue of diagnosis and treatment of this serious pathology remains relevant. Goal. To identify the key lung lesion patterns in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during digital radiological examination. To identify its capabilities in assessing the prevalence and dynamics of radiological manifestations of lung damage. Material and methods. The analysis of data of radiological examination of 1,075 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in moderate and severe conditions, who were treated in MNPE KRC “Regional Clinical Specialized Dispensary for Radiation Protection” in the period from June to November 2020 has been carried out. All the patients were given digital radiography at the time of treatment. To assess the dynamics the control examination depending on the clinical manifestations was held. The images were evaluated by two independent radio- logists. Pathological changes manifested in the form of matte, consolidation of parenchyma and reticular pattern. Results. The majority of the total number of the surveyed patients falls on the age group between 50 and 75 years old – 789 patients (73.4%). The most common pattern of lung lesion on the primary radiograph is a GGO symptom (82.7%), and in control examination there was an increase in the frequency of consolidation (53.4%), and then – fibrous changes of varying severity (62.5%). Bilateral lesion was detected in 74.8% of cases. Middle-lower and lower lobes of the lungs were more often affected. Conclusions. OCC CT should be used to detect pathological changes in COVID-19 in the early stages, and digital radiography can identify characteristic signs of lung lesion in inpatients with moderate to severe Coronavirus disease and is sufficient to assess the dynamics of the patholo- gical process. Digital radiography method should be included in the examination protocol of patients in moderate and severe conditions in the hospital due to the impossibility or difficulty of their transportation. If repeated examination in such patients is necessary much higher dose load on CT compared to digital radiography should be taken into account.

scholarly journals Can Melatonin Reduce the Severity of COVID-19 Pandemic?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Shneider ◽  
Aleksandr Kudriavtsev ◽  
Anna Vakhrusheva
Keyword(s):  
Severe Disease ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Melatonin Level ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The current COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating events in recent history. The virus causes relatively minor damage to young, healthy populations, imposing life-threatening danger to the elderly and people with diseases of chronic inflammation. Therefore, if we could reduce the risk for vulnerable populations, it would make the COVID-19 pandemic more similar to other typical outbreaks. Children don’t suffer from COVID-19 as much as their grandparents and have a much higher melatonin level. Bats are nocturnal animals possessing high levels of melatonin, which may contribute to their high anti-viral resistance. Viruses induce an explosion of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, and melatonin is the best natural antioxidant that is lost with age. The programmed cell death coronaviruses cause, which can result in significant lung damage, is also inhibited by melatonin. Coronavirus causes inflammation in the lungs which requires inflammasome activity. Melatonin blocks these inflammasomes. General immunity is impaired by anxiety and sleep deprivation. Melatonin improves sleep habits, reduces anxiety and stimulates immunity. Fibrosis may be the most dangerous complication after COVID-19. Melatonin is known to prevent fibrosis. Mechanical ventilation may be necessary but yet imposes risks due to oxidative stress, which can be reduced by melatonin. Thus, by using the safe over-the-counter drug melatonin, we may be immediately able to prevent the development of severe disease symptoms in coronavirus patients, reduce the severity of their symptoms, and/or reduce the immuno-pathology of coronavirus infection on patients’ health after the active phase of the infection is over.

scholarly journals Baseline clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in hospitalized COVID-19 patients aged ≤ 65 years: A retrospective observational study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248829
Author(s):  
Marta Betti ◽  
Marinella Bertolotti ◽  
Daniela Ferrante ◽  
Annalisa Roveta ◽  
Carolina Pelazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Retrospective Observational Study ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis

Background Individual differences in susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, symptomatology and clinical manifestation of COVID-19 have thus far been observed but little is known about the prognostic factors of young patients. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted on 171 patients aged ≤ 65 years hospitalized in Alessandria’s Hospital from 1st March to 30th April 2020 with laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Epidemiological data, symptoms at onset, clinical manifestations, Charlson Comorbidity Index, laboratory parameters, radiological findings and complications were considered. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of COVID-19 severity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to establish factors associated with the development of a moderate or severe disease. Findings A total of 171 patients (89 with mild/moderate disease, 82 with severe/critical disease), of which 61% males and a mean age (± SD) of 53.6 (± 9.7) were included. The multivariable logistic model identified age (50–65 vs 18–49; OR = 3.23 CI95% 1.42–7.37), platelet count (per 100 units of increase OR = 0.61 CI95% 0.42–0.89), c-reactive protein (CPR) (per unit of increase OR = 1.12 CI95% 1.06–1.20) as risk factors for severe or critical disease. The multivariable logistic model showed a good discriminating capacity with a C-index value of 0.76. Interpretation Patients aged ≥ 50 years with low platelet count and high CRP are more likely to develop severe or critical illness. These findings might contribute to improved clinical management.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of clinical manifestations of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection in patients hospitalized during the epidemic depending on their age

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
V.I. Trykhlib ◽  
N.R. Tsiurak ◽  
K.P. Beliaeva ◽  
T.I. Lysenko ◽  
A.O. Yeroshenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Productive Cough ◽  
Thoracic Pain ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
General Weakness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

This article presents a review of the literature and data from a personal study concerning the clinical manifestations of new coronavirus infection in patients hospitalized during the COVID-19 epidemic depending on their age. It was found that most patients complained about dry or low-productive cough, moderate general weakness. The patients aged 18–30 years old more frequently experienced no cough. The patients aged 31–40 years old significantly more frequently complained about dry cough (p < 0.05). Low-productive cough was less frequent but typical in all age groups and more frequent in patients aged 51–60 years. Moist cough was more frequent in patients over 60 years. Chest pain was registered in patients over 60 years (p < 0.05). The frequency of dyspnea was found to increase with age. More often dyspnea was registered in patients older than 60 years old. No dyspnea was noted in young patients aged 18–30 years. Half of the patients aged 18–30 years had no fever. At hospitalization, the average temperature was within normal or subfebrile, which predominated in patients aged 41–50 years (p < 0.05). The frequency of febrile fever increased in patients with age. There was no significant difference in the frequency of pyretic temperature among all age groups. The patients aged over 30 years complained more about moderate weakness, and patients aged over 40 years complained more about severe weakness. Younger patients more often complained about a sore throat, while older patients had practically no symptoms (p > 0.05). Thoracic pain was significantly more frequently registered in patients older than 60 years old. Young patients aged 18–30 years and 31–40 years had no chest pain.

scholarly journals Certain biochemical aspects of coronavirus infection COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
L. Kot ◽  
L.-A. Karpets ◽  
K. Sviridova ◽  
M. Chernikh ◽  
R. Prishlyak
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Threatening Condition ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

An outbreak of coronavirus disease CoViD-19, caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in a short period of time led to a global public health emergency worldwide. The difficult epidemiological situation associated with the rapid increase in the number of patients and the high mortality rate, as well as the need to overcome the consequences of the pandemic as soon as possible, have become an important challenge for science. The special attention of scientists is focused on in-depth study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of coronavirus infection, which is important for the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines to combat CoViD-19. To penetrate the target cells the virus uses receptors, expressed in various tissues of the organism, the main of which is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Virus replication is regulated by a lot of factors and causes abrupt morphological and physiological changes in cells. SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the regulation of inflammatory signaling pathways that generate a cytokine "storm", causes multisystem disorders and a life-threatening condition – acute respiratory distress syndrome. An important component of pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of CoViD-19 are hemostasis disorders, activation of thrombosis and thromboembolic complications. This review provides certain data regarding the structure of SARS-CoV-2, routes of infection, defense mechanisms against pathogen invasion, features of the hemostasis system in coronavirus infection, intracellular signal transduction, and current strategies for the prevention and treatment of CoViD-19, which are aimed primarily at suppressing the replication of the virus, limiting its dissemination and reducing the immune response of organism in conditions of infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of incidental premature cardiac calcifications in an HIV-infected South African population using conventional computed tomography chest radiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luize Muller ◽  
Tanusha Sewchuran ◽  
Miranda Durand
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chest Imaging ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: International literature reported an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in persons living with HIV (PLWH), inferring an association with accelerated coronary atherosclerosis and plaque formation. Few local studies of HIV-related cardiac disease have confirmed this. Early identification of cardiac plaques would assist clinicians with risk stratification and implementation of treatment strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality. In resource-limited settings the use of conventional computed tomography (CT) may have a role in identifying at-risk individuals.Objectives: This hypothesis-generating study was aimed at determining the contribution of HIV to accelerated vascular aging by assessing cardiac calcifications, incidentally detected on conventional CT chest imaging, in a young HIV-positive population.Method: A retrospective quantitative analysis was performed at a tertiary hospital in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, over a 5-year period. Young patients (18–45 years) who underwent CT chest imaging for varied indications were included, further sub-categorised by immune status, the presence, absence and location of calcifications. Patients with unknown HIV statuses were excluded.Results: An increased probability of cardiac calcification with increasing age, independent of the HIV status, was established. No statistically significant difference could be demonstrated between the cohorts. In the pre-contrasted subcategory, a lower P-value suggested an ‘imminent’ statistical significance. Contrast may have obscured some calcifications. The failure to record the immune status in a large number of patients resulted in their exclusion and limited the study.Conclusion: The increased prevalence of incidentally detected cardiac calcifications in young HIV-infected individuals warrants further evaluation and cardiovascular risk stratification.

scholarly journals The Role of Computed Tomography in Pneumonia in Patients with Associated Coronavirus Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonibekov Jasur Jonibekovich
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Radiation Imaging ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Radiation Research

The appearance of COVID-19 has set tasks for healthcare professionals related to rapid diagnosis and provision of medical care to patients. The diagnosis of COVID-19 infection is based on the complex application of clinical, radiological and laboratory research methods[1].Radiation research methods used to diagnose patients with suspected COVID-19 and viral pneumonia of another nature include: radiography, computed tomography and ultrasound examination of the lungs. Radiation imaging data allow us to suspect lung damage of viral etiology (including COVID-19), influence the management of a particular patient, the treatment of complications or the formulation of an alternative diagnosis with a high probability of lung damage of viral etiology.

scholarly journals The outbreak of the new coronavirus infection in pediatric TB department

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
M. F. Gubkina ◽  
I. Yu. Petrakova ◽  
N. V. Yukhimenko ◽  
S. S. Sterlikova ◽  
Yu. Yu. Khokhlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Pediatric Tb ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Body Temperature Increase ◽  
Observation Period

The objective: to analyze the course of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in children with active respiratory tuberculosis. Subjects and methods. The article describes results of retrospective analysis of the course of the new coronavirus infection in 25 children (3-12 years old) with active respiratory tuberculosis during the outbreak of COVID-19 in an in-patient TB unit.Results. 24 (96%) persons got infected after the close exposure to the coronavirus infection, and 1 (4%) child didn't get infected. The diagnosis was verified by polymerase chain reaction (detection of RNK of SARS-CoV-2) in 33.3%, by enzyme immunoassay (detection of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in 1 month after quarantine removal) in 100%. 58.3% of children with respiratory tuberculosis (14 people) infected with coronavirus infection had minimal respiratory symptoms, that did not differ from signs of other respiratory viral infections; clinical manifestations of the disease were completely absent in 41.7% (10) patients. Coronavirus pneumonia was diagnosed in 4 (16.7%) children who suffered from COVID-19, they had no clinical signs of lower respiratory tract disorders and no body temperature increase; 3 patients had no signs of respiratory viral infection; in all cases, the lung damage detected by computed tomography didn't exceed 10%. In 2 months after the removal of quarantine, no IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were detected in 2 out of 10 examined children (20.0%), thus there was a chance for re-infection. No mutual aggravating effect of coronavirus infection and tuberculosis was revealed in their combination over the entire observation period (4 months).

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