scholarly journals Historical and legal analysis of the regulation of the problem of serving a sentence of imprisonment of pregnant women and women with young children

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
O A Omelchenko
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Executive System

This article is devoted to studying the problem of serving a sentence of imprisonment of pregnant women and women with young children. In view of maloizuchennyh of the subject and its increasing relevance in modern conditions of development of the penitentiary system attempts to review and to analyze the degree of attention of state authorities, the criminal-Executive system and the public to the problem at different stages of historical development: from pre-revolutionary times to the present day. The statistics showing the number of women and children in prison from 2003 to 2014 and the influence of serial humanization of punishment in the form of deprivation of freedom for statistical data.

The Squire Law Library at Cambridge: the Historical Development and Current Status of the International Law Collections

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Dingle
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Law Library

AbstractIn this paper Lesley Dingle provides a detailed account of the historical development of the public international law collections at the Squire Law Library in Cambridge. She explains the close involvement of the academic lawyers and the librarians, past and present, in developing an important collection which reflects the significance of the subject at Cambridge's Faculty of Law. Finally, she brings things up-to-date by detailing the extent of the electronic provision which benefits the modern scholar in this discipline.

Medical regulation for the public interest in the United Kingdom

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
William Roche
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medical Regulation ◽  
High Profile ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Subject

Regulation of the medical profession has a long history in the United Kingdom but a number of high profile failures of National Health Service (NHS) organisations to deliver safe health care and the unlawful killing of more than 200 patients by one rogue doctor have led to a clamour for change. Many of these tragedies have been the subject of public inquiries and have created significant public disquiet about the role and effectiveness of the medical regulator. United Kingdom governments have responded to these inquiries by means of a combination of strengthening professional regulation and the introduction of new mechanisms of appeal against the sanctions imposed on doctors by tribunals. The historical development of medical regulation is reviewed and the more recent changes to address the public interest and crises in the confidence in the regulation of health care are described.

Nationality: Jus Soli or Jus Sanguinis

1930 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Brown Scott
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
The Status ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government

There is no topic of present interest, involving as it does the status of men, women and children of various countries, and even of birth in the same country, as that of nationality. It bristles with difficulties! To begin with, various terms are used, apparently meant to mean one and the same thing, although unless they are carefully defined, they may refer to different aspects of the subject. For example, “ national” is used as a synonym for “ subject” or “ citizen,” yet one may be a national of a country, and subject to its jurisdiction, without, however, being a citizen—as in the case of the Filipinos, who are, indeed, subject to the Government of the United States and entitled to its protection abroad, although they are not citizens either in the sense of international, or of national law. Then there is a difference of opinion as to the branch of law to which the matter belongs—the Englishspeaking peoples regarding it as forming part of the public law of nations, whereas others consider it as more properly falling within the domain of private international law, to which, in turn, the English world gives the not inappropriate designation of conflict of laws.

scholarly journals Use and Application of Firearms by the Police in the Light of Human Rights Standards in Poland

2020 ◽  
pp. 363-378
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Fehler
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement Officials ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Rights Standards ◽  
General Frames ◽  
Descriptive Method

The article is devoted to the assessment of the rules, possibilities and manners of using and applying firearms by the Police in terms of compliance with human rights. The first part of the study contains analyses focusing on general frames for the use and application of firearms and circumstances giving premises for the use or application of these arms. In the next section, the discussion covers the conduct of law enforcement officials preceding the use of firearms and refers to the question of the so-called special use of firearms. The content of the final part of the article covers mechanisms preventing abuse regarding the use and application of firearms and procedures for situations of breaching legal regulations for the use of such arms. The article closes with the summary where, based on the analyses of existing solutions and available statistical data, a conclusion is made that the Police exercise proper caution so as to ensure the observance of human rights in relation to holding legislative power to use and apply firearms. The key methods applied while preparing this article were the legal analysis and the institutional analysis. In the alternative, a descriptive method with the application of the critical analysis of the literature on the subject was also employed.

Public Administration, a Political/Administrative Dichotomy: A New Canadian Direction from American History

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-321
Author(s):  
Robert Gatto
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Role ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Decentralized Government

The subject, a source of long standing debate among theoreticians and practitioners in public administration, is revisited in an interesting and challenging way. In the face of a changing decentralized government role in many parts of the world, the author presents a modified classical position that proposes to deal with the impact of this on the public service. Canada and the Canadian public service are attempting to re-establish their roles in this new milieu. The author argues for a new role for public administration by drawing from an historical development of the field and introducing new arguments to support changing needs.

scholarly journals Contemporary Technological Revolution – A Challenge for Russian Authorities

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Lev Zaks
Keyword(s):  
State Policy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
Key Aspects

The paper explores the subject of Russian authorities’ reaction to realities and effects of the current technological revolution. The content of this response is outlined, yielding a fundamentally new level of mastery over substance, energy and information. The technological revolution is considered as a challenge to public authorities, i.e. a problem – the most important one by its essence, scale, impact on the present and the future of all society’s areas and the public life in general. In Russia, this challenge is particularly relevant due to the country’s growing technology gap. Statistical data and facts confirming this widening gap are provided. It is emphasized that an adequate response to this emerging challenge cannot be partial or local; it needs to have systemic nature and connection with all key aspects of the state policy. A misalignment of current Russian authorities’ aspirations, imperatives and practice with the technological revolution’s logic and needs is demonstrated. The state policy does not match the interests of innovative development, does not create the necessary conditions for this development or its subjects. As a result, the main potential subjects of technological innovations (the paper identifies the main groups of such subjects) objectively cannot create or implement new technologies and have no subjective interest (incentives / motivation) for that.

scholarly journals Safety, Immunogenicity, Efficacy and Effectiveness of Inactivated Influenza Vaccines in Healthy Pregnant Women and Children Under 5 Years: An Evidence-Based Clinical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Bansal ◽  
Mai-Chi Trieu ◽  
Kristin G. I. Mohn ◽  
Rebecca Jane Cox
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Review ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Vaccine Type ◽  
Women And Children

Annual influenza vaccination is often recommended for pregnant women and young children to reduce the risk of severe influenza. However, most studies investigating the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy or effectiveness of influenza vaccines are conducted in healthy adults. In this evidence-based clinical review, we provide an update on the safety profile, immunogenicity, and efficacy/effectiveness of inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) in healthy pregnant women and children <5 years old. Six electronic databases were searched until May 27, 2021. We identified 3,731 articles, of which 93 met the eligibility criteria and were included. The IIVs were generally well tolerated in pregnant women and young children, with low frequencies of adverse events following IIV administration; however, continuous vaccine safety monitoring systems are necessary to detect rare adverse events. IIVs generated good antibody responses, and the seroprotection rates after IIVs were moderate to high in pregnant women (range = 65%–96%) and young children (range = 50%–100%), varying between the different influenza types/subtypes and seasons. Studies show vaccine efficacy/effectiveness values of 50%–70% in pregnant women and 20%–90% in young children against lab-confirmed influenza, although the efficacy/effectiveness depended on the study design, host factors, vaccine type, manufacturing practices, and the antigenic match/mismatch between the influenza vaccine strains and the circulating strains. Current evidence suggests that the benefits of IIVs far outweigh the potential risks and that IIVs should be recommended for pregnant women and young children.

scholarly journals People's Understanding of the Off-Court Talak (Case Study in Nagari Koto Tuo, IV Nagari District, the Sijunjung Regency)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Merlin Putri ◽  
Shafra Shafra
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Data Validity ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Subject

This study describes the understanding of the people of Nagari Koto Tuo, IV Nagari District, The Sijunjung Regency about divorce (talak) outside the Religious Court. Ideally, with the enactment of Law No. I of 1974 on marriage, talak should be decided in the Religious Court. However, this ideal procedure does not apply effectively in Nagari Kuto Tuo. Although the local settlement is not distant to the local Religious Court and the access for transportation is easy, many husbands recklessly decide to divorce their wives at home during the dispute between them without registering their lawsuits to the court. The purpose of this study is to lower the off-court divorce rate and raise legal awareness of the public about the importance of following the prevailing regulation regarding divorce in Indonesia. This is important because divorces decided without statutory procedures have adverse impacts, especially for women and children. This study uses a qualitative approach, with the divorced wives being the subject of the study. The data collection techniques include observation, interviews and documentation. Data validity techniques follow the triangulation method, whereas data analysis is performed through the following steps: data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. This study found that the understanding of the people in Nagari Koto Tou about divorce is shaped by classical Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) that posits husband to have the absolute right to divorce. With this absolute right, husbands can decide to divorce their wives whenever and wherever they want without being bothered to consider registering it formally to the local Religious Court. The divorced wives are left in despair without any power to defend her right. This provision on divorce is considered indisputable let alone contested. As a consequence, this off-court divorce generally leaves women traumatized, making many of them unwilling to get another marriage. This trauma partly contributes to the number of off-court marriages, for they do not see its importance. Legal certainty obtained from the court's verdict of divorce as recorded by the divorce certificate is deemed unnecessary, for they would not remarry in the future

Cost-effectiveness of a Vitamin D supplementation programme in pregnant women and children to prevent rickets in the UK

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilius Floreskul ◽  
Fatima Juma ◽  
Anjali Daniel ◽  
Imran Zamir ◽  
Zulf Mughal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Uk

MUNDANE MIRACLES IN AWADH. ENCOUNTERS WITH THE REVEALED AND THE HIDDEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maxim B. Demchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Local People ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Mughal Empire ◽  
The Public ◽  
British Raj ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Other World ◽  
Better Than

The sphere of the unknown, supernatural and miraculous is one of the most popular subjects for everyday discussions in Ayodhya – the last of the provinces of the Mughal Empire, which entered the British Raj in 1859, and in the distant past – the space of many legendary and mythological events. Mostly they concern encounters with inhabitants of the “other world” – spirits, ghosts, jinns as well as miraculous healings following magic rituals or meetings with the so-called saints of different religions (Hindu sadhus, Sufi dervishes),with incomprehensible and frightening natural phenomena. According to the author’s observations ideas of the unknown in Avadh are codified and structured in Avadh better than in other parts of India. Local people can clearly define if they witness a bhut or a jinn and whether the disease is caused by some witchcraft or other reasons. Perhaps that is due to the presence in the holy town of a persistent tradition of katha, the public presentation of plots from the Ramayana epic in both the narrative and poetic as well as performative forms. But are the events and phenomena in question a miracle for the Avadhvasis, residents of Ayodhya and its environs, or are they so commonplace that they do not surprise or fascinate? That exactly is the subject of the essay, written on the basis of materials collected by the author in Ayodhya during the period of 2010 – 2019. The author would like to express his appreciation to Mr. Alok Sharma (Faizabad) for his advice and cooperation.

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