scholarly journals Social adaptation and employment of disabled people during the Great Patriotic War (on the materials of the Tatar ASSR)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Aislu Sharipzyanovna Kabirova

The article deals with the problems of social adaptation of disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War in the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic after their return to peaceful life. Based on the documentary materials extracted from the funds of the federal and Tatarstan archives The author characterizes forms of state support for war-maimed people, resolution of their production training and employment, appointment of pensions, opening of boarding houses, organization of health care services, etc. It is noted that for the majority of disabled people this targeted support was often a determining factor in ensuring their livelihoods. The employment of disabled veterans of the Patriotic War made it possible to solve a two-fold problem: in the conditions of an acute shortage of workers, a new personnel reserve was created for the economy and at the same time social protection of veterans returned after treatment in hospitals was provided. Many disabled veterans of the Great Patriotic War showed themselves well in the workplace, became leaders and were nominated for leadership positions. But there were those who led an immoral lifestyle, begging. The authorities, called to solve the issues of social rehabilitation of disabled people, did not always cope with the tasks assigned to them. Evidence of this is the facts of the soullessly-bureaucratic attitude of certain officials to the needs and requests of disabled people, cases of appropriation of funds and squandering of state funds.

Author(s):  
Ilkhomjon M. Saidov ◽  

The article is devoted to the participation of natives of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic in the Baltic operation of 1944. The author states that Soviet historiography did not sufficiently address the problem of participation of individual peoples of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War, and therefore their feat remained undervalued for a long time. More specifically, according to the author, 40–42% of the working age population of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic fought on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. Such figure was typical only for a limited number of countries participating in the anti-fascist coalition. Analyzing the participation of Soviet Uzbekistan citizens in the battles for the Baltic States, the author shows that the 51st and 71st guards rifle divisions, which included many natives of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic, were particularly distinguished. Their heroic deeds were noted by the soviet leadership – a number of Uzbek guards were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In addition, Uzbekistanis fought as part of partisan detachments – both in the Baltic States, Belarus, Ukraine, the Western regions of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and Moldova. Many Uzbek partisans were awarded the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War” of I and II degrees.


Author(s):  
D. V. Repnikov

The article is devoted to such an important aspect of the activities of the plenipotentiaries of the State Defensive Committee during the Great Patriotic War, as conflicts of authority. Contradictions between the plenipotentiaries of the State Defensive Committee and the leaders of party, state, economic bodies at various levels, as well as between the plenipotentiaries themselves, that were expressed in the emergence of various disputes and often resulted in conflicts of authority, became commonplace in the functioning of the state power system of the USSR in the war period. Based on documents from federal (State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History, Russian State Archive of Economics) and regional (Central State Archive of the Udmurt Republic, Center for Documentation of the Recent History of the Udmurt Republic) archives, the author considers a conflict of authority situation that developed during the Great Patriotic War in the Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, which shows that historical reality is more complicated than the stereotypical manifestations of it.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-373
Author(s):  
Ruslan G. Bimbasov

This author examines the activities of Soviet party-state bodies in the field of propaganda among the population in the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (North Ossetia) during the Great Patriotic War. Propaganda is effective when its message is deeply rooted in the consciousness of the population group to which it is addressed. For this reason the media and the organizations of oral propaganda of North Ossetia sought to get the most accurate information on the particular group that was called upon to fulfill wartime tasks. The author used various types of sources, including documents from the Central State Archive of the Republic of North Ossetia that are here first introduced into scientific circulation. The paper identifies the directions of party-state bodies in organizing propaganda on the territory of the republic in 1941-1945, and it assesses the degree of their effectiveness. While the outbreak of the war led to an expansion of propaganda, there was an acute shortage of specialists in various fields of life, including in propaganda work among the civilian population. The paper reveals the main methods of forming the image of the enemy by propaganda bodies and the media. The author concludes that the activities of the propaganda apparatus in the republic during the War had a direct impact on public consciousness and contributed to the consolidation of the region's population in the fight against the enemy, and to overcoming the difficulties of the War years.


Author(s):  
Vadim M. Shneider ◽  
◽  
Inna S. Kondrashova ◽  

The paper provides a review on the collective monograph “Unbowed рeople: from the common victory to the common historical memory”, which was prepared within the framework of the joint working group of Historians of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The authors of the book are historians, archivists and museum workers from Russia, Kazakh- stan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. The monograph is divided into seven chap- ters, each of them includes scientific articles, united by a common theme. In the First chapter, articles that are concerned with various sources of information about the Great Patriotic War are presented. The Second chapter includes ar- ticles studying the situation on the fronts of the war. The Third chapter unites the articles which show the situation in the occupied territories during the war. The Fourth chapter presents articles about the process of evacuation of people and industrial enterprises from the western part of the USSR to the Central Asian republics and the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The Fifth chapter brings together articles on a wide range of issues related to the rear and home front workers. The Sixth chapter includes articles, touching on the theme of rebuilding cities damaged during the war, the revival of the Soviet economy and issues associated with the system of checking prisoners of war returned to the Soviet Union after liberation. The Seventh chapter brings together the articles of researchers dedicated to the key features of the historical memory of the inhabitants of various regions of Russia and Kazakhstan. Publication of the collective monograph “Unbowed рeople: from the common victory to the common historical memory” became an important event for the historical community of Russia, Kazakhstan and other countries that were part of the USSR during the war. A distinctive characteristic of the book is a detailed and objective study of both the tragic and heroic events that influenced the course of the war. The articles indicate that the Great Patriotic War holds a special place in the memory of the inhabitants of the post-Soviet countries, because the tragedy of the war touched every family. Collective monograph “Unbowed people. From a common victory to a common historical memory” is an example of successful interaction of researchers from the post-Soviet states and it can be relevant as a schoolbook, as well as used in the preparation of courses on Russian history for students of humanitarian universities.


1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
G. A. Alekseev

Immediately after the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, the Party and the Government of the country set a responsible task for the Chuvash Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the Chuvash ASSR - to organize 1 evacuation hospitals in the deep rear for the treatment of the wounded and sick.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung Sill Chung ◽  
Kyung Choon Lim ◽  
Jain Ko

Purpose: This study aimed to verify the relationship between human rights sensitivity, advocacy attitudes, and advocacy interventions for mentally disabled people in psychiatric nurses and nursing students. Methods: This is a descriptive study. Using questionnaires, data were collected from 206 participants who were recruited from one mental health institute, one general hospital, and one university in S city. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient using SPSS/WIN 22. Results: The mean age was $33.8{pm}12.89$. The mean scores of human rights sensitivity, advocacy attitudes, and advocacy intervention was $37.7{pm}18.09$, $53.7{pm}5.67$, and $47.4{pm}7.08$, respectively. Human rights sensitivity correlated significantly with advocacy attitudes (r=.25, p=.020) and advocacy intervention (r=.17, p=.015). Also, there was a significant positive correlation between advocacy attitudes and advocacy intervention (r=.44, p<.001). Conclusion: These findings highlight that advocacy attitudes and advocacy interventions for mentally disabled people could be improved by increasing human rights sensitivity. Tailored education programs will be effective in the field of mental health care services to increase human rights sensitivity.


Author(s):  
Arts O.V.

Objectives. The purpose of the article is to present to specialists in the field of psychology a model of a personality disabled person’s personality, which has signs of ‘‘a handicap complex’’, that in the future, will allow a differentiated approach to the issue of prevention and correction of occurrence of this complex. Methods. The study design is a meta-analysis of publications with levels evidence and a level recommendation. An electronic search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CrossRef, AO Spine, Eurospine, ResearchGate, eLIBRARY, and MEDLINE databases, and in references of key articles. Results.The number of disabled people in Ukraine is growing rapidly, which is becoming a significant social political problem of our time. The general fundamental problem to be solved by the vector of scientific research is to develop basic psychological foundations for the full and comprehensive rehabilitation of disabled people who, as a result of desocialization tendencies, acquire the status of social outsiders and require social and psychological assistance.The article is devoted to the psychological analysis of peculiarities of handicap complex manifestation in humans with disabilities due to Spinal Cord Injury (SCI). The paper clarifies the concept of handicap as a social phenomenon that is updated by the negative perceptions of disabled people and the category of «handicap complex» is revealed. Handicap is a symptom complex that is inherent in the disabled and manifests itself in a feeling of inferiority. It is accompanied by the presence of negative emotional states, also is changes in the structure of the “self-concept” of the individual, which arose as a result of feelings due to a disability. Analysis of the factors that make a disabled person feel inferior, strive for isolation and show signs of maladjustment indicate that the handicap phenomenon is acquiring a separate scientific status, primarily is due to a destructive effect on the entire system of social and psychological life of people. It is the «handicap» presence that hinders the progress of a social adaptation, a personal development in a society of disabled people to the greatest extent and destroys their mental health. It should be noted that the health problems of people with special needs in our country are specific due to the weak social protection of people in this category. Conclusion. This poses a number of problems for Ukrainian psychologists, the result of which solving will be to improve the quality-of-life disabled people, to develop psychological and pedagogical programs for their development. The purpose of the article is to present to specialists in the field of psychology a model of a personality disabled person’s personality, which has signs of ‘‘a handicap complex’’.Key words: handicap, disabled, spinal cord injury, disability. Мета. Представити фахівцям у галузі психології модель особистості неповносправного, який внаслідок ушкодження хребта та спинного мозку має ознаки «комплексу гандикапу», що надалі дозволить комплексно підійти до питання попередження та корекції виникнення цього комп-лексу. Методи. Систематичній аналізуючий огляд літературних джерел із запропонованої теми. Використовувався метааналіз публікацій з рівнем доказовості та рівнем рекомендацій. Проведено електронний пошук по базах даних PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, CrossRef, AO Spine, Eurospine, ResearchGate, eLIBRARY, MEDLINE та по бібліографії ключових статей. Результати. Кількість інвалідів в Україні стрімко зростає, що стає вагомою соціально-політичною проблемою сьогодення. Загальна фундаментальна проблема, на вирішення якої спрямовано вектор наукового пошуку, зумовлена нагальною потребою вироблення базових психологічних засад повноцінної і всебічної реабілітації неповносправних, які внаслідок десоціалізаційних тенденцій потре-бують соціально-психологічної допомоги.У результаті дослідження з’ясовано, що практично не зустрічається праць, присвячених питанню психології гандикапізму. У науковій традиції ця тема залишається не розробленою ні в теоретичній, ні в практичній, прикладній площині. На підставі дослідження зроблено психологічний аналіз особ-ливостей прояву комплексу гандикапу у людей з обмеженими фізичними можливостями внаслідок спинальної травми. Роз’яснено поняття «гандикапізм» як соціальне явище, яке актуалізується негативним уявленням щодо неповносправних та розкрито поняття категоріі «комплекс гандикапу». «Ганди-кап» – це симптомокомплекс, який властивий інвалідизованим і проявляється у відчутті неповноцінності. Це супроводжується наявністю негативних емоційних станів, а також змінами у структурі «Я-концепції» особистості, які виникли внаслідок почуттів через наявність неповносправності. Аналіз факторів, що змушують неповносправного почуватись неповноцінним, прагнути до ізоляції та виявляти ознаки дезадаптації, свідчить про те, що явище гандикапізму набуває окремого наукового статусу, в першу чергу через руйнівний вплив на всю систему соціального та психологічного життя людей. Саме наявність «гандикапу» найбільшою мірою заважає прогресу в соціальній адаптації, розвитку особистості в суспільстві інвалідів та руйнує їхнє психічне здоров’я. Висновки. Слід зазначити, що проблеми зі здоров’ям людей з особливими потребами в нашій країні специфічні через слабкий соціальний захист людей цієї категорії. Це висуває перед вітчизняними психологами низку проблем, результат розв’я-зання яких полягатиме у поліпшенні умов життя інвалідів, розробці психолого-педагогічних програм їхнього розвитку.Ключові слова: гандикапізм, инвалідизовані, спиномозкова травма, неповносправність.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Valery F. Telishev ◽  
◽  
Vasil T. Sakaev ◽  

The article discusses the characterization of A.Sh. Kabirova (Asylgaraeva)’s formation as a researcher at the first stage of her academic biography. The paper shows the scholar’s contribution to the study of the problems of the the Great Patriotic War social history, primarily its gender aspect. The process of writing and defending A.Sh. Kabirova’s Ph.D. dissertation on the topic “Women of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945” is depicted. A description of the significant work accomplished by the researcher is given and its features are indicated. The article was written based on personal memoirs and materials preserved in V.F. Telishev’s personal archive. The paper presents serious work conducted by researcher A.Sh. Kabirova to collect and study information about the place and role of Tatarstan women in the main areas of economic, social, and cultural life of the republic and their involvement at the front of the Great Patriotic War. The significance of this dissertation and the monograph “Women of Tatarstan at the Front and in the Rear”, which was published later on its basis, in developing research of the history of the Tatar republic in the warf period is emphasized.


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