scholarly journals Women’s Satisfaction of Daylight in Contemporary Jeddah’s Flats

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Alaa Shatwan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Architectural Element ◽  
General Parameter ◽  
Glass Type ◽  
High Level ◽  
Insight Into

For inhabitants of residential buildings in Saudi Arabia, daylight levels are generally considered to be sufficient (Dahlan and Mohamed 2010). While there are a number of studies that analyse the light conditions as a general parameter for dwellers in cities (Boubekri 2008, Edwards and Torcellini 2002, Gou, Lau, and Qian 2013, Kim and Kim 2010), there seems to be a lack of attention to the specific case of women. In their lifetime, women spend considerable time inside homes. Moreover, the window is an architectural element that embodies a complex combination of religious, cultural, and environmental questions in Saudi Arabia. This study examines women satisfaction with daylight level in their living space in middle class residential flats in Jeddah. Twenty three women between the ages 20-50 who live in contemporary flats in Jeddah were interviewed in semi-structure interviews. This research examines women’s real use of daylight in their homes, by questioning the general understanding that daylight is provided at a sufficient level. This paper provides an insight into women’s satisfaction with regards to the daylight provided in their daily life by demonstrating qualitative evidence.  Results strongly indicates that women are not satisfied with daylight due to many reasons according to window location and glass type. This research seeks to make significant contribution to the gap in knowledge regarding women and daylight in Saudi culture that requires high level of privacy.

Roads of Arabia: New finds of Aqaba amphorae in the Red Sea from a newly discovered wreck site at Jeddah/Eliza shoals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Brandmeier
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Red Sea Coast ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Sea Coast

This paper concerns a probable shipwreck cargo of Aqaba amphorae, which was discovered during the second season of the survey project along the Saudi Arabian coast, initiated by nautical archaeologists of Philipps-University Marburg and conducted in cooperation with members of the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Heritage in autumn 2013. Seafaring and sea trade was, according to the few ancient sources and modern research activities, a hazardous endeavor in antiquity. Transport containers like the Aqaba Amphorae played a major role in sea trade, a significant number of which have been detected on various sites along the Red Sea coast and its hinterland. The chronological classification as well as the application is far from complete, and recent archaeometrical investigations help to clarify the logistical aspects of manufacturing and distribution of Aqaba amphorae. Finding a number of remains of Aqaba amphorae at a supposed shipwreck site close to Jeddah delivers new insight into the maritime routes and activities along the western coast of Saudi Arabia. The documentary material currently available is the baseline for further research in the field of maritime archaeology as it pertains to trade in the Red Sea.

scholarly journals Siyabonga: a humble hero making a difference with his hands… and his heart

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2021-104118
Author(s):  
Jon Patricios
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Nelson Mandela ◽  
Making A Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Professional Capacity

Siyabonga Kunene’s athletic build and confident stance belie his humble roots. Born in an impoverished area of South Africa, he soon learnt the benefits of an education. He is now a PhD-qualified sports physiotherapist making a significant contribution in both academic and clinical realms. Remaining true to his origins and the inspirational words of Nelson Mandela, Siyabonga has created a framework for managing patellofemoral pain in under-resourced athletes. He has established himself as a physiotherapy lecturer at his university and has been appointed to national teams in his professional capacity. However, his focus primary remains on treating those with a passion for sport who would not normally be able to access high-level athletic care.

scholarly journals Hand Surgery in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah E. Kattan ◽  
Mohammad M. Al-Qattan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
Fellowship Program ◽  
Novel Mutations ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aesthetic Results ◽  
Hand Defects

AbstractHand surgery is a unique field that incorporates multiple specialties, aiming to provide the patient with a best possible functional and aesthetic results. Hand surgeons deal with different pathologies that require skills in several aspects of surgery. The field of hand surgery has evolved significantly over the past decades across the globe. This specialty has also been evolving in Saudi Arabia over the past 25 years. Some of the services offered to patients include specialized centers for brachial plexus, peripheral nerve, and pediatric hand surgery as well as centers for work-related hand injuries. There has also been significant contribution to the hand surgery literature from the hand surgeons working in Saudi Arabia, with hundreds of papers published in journals pertaining to hand surgery, orthopedic surgery, and plastic surgery, as well as the publication of several novel mutations causing congenital hand defects in journals concerned with genetics. The recent approval of a hand and microsurgery fellowship program in Saudi Arabia will also help boost this field in the country and the region.

scholarly journals Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1527) ◽  
pp. 2275-2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Norman ◽  
Lars H. Hansen ◽  
Søren J. Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Prokaryotic Genome ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Conjugative Plasmids ◽  
Environmental Setting ◽  
Genome Analyses ◽  
Insight Into

Comparative whole-genome analyses have demonstrated that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) provides a significant contribution to prokaryotic genome innovation. The evolution of specific prokaryotes is therefore tightly linked to the environment in which they live and the communal pool of genes available within that environment. Here we use the term supergenome to describe the set of all genes that a prokaryotic ‘individual’ can draw on within a particular environmental setting. Conjugative plasmids can be considered particularly successful entities within the communal pool, which have enabled HGT over large taxonomic distances. These plasmids are collections of discrete regions of genes that function as ‘backbone modules’ to undertake different aspects of overall plasmid maintenance and propagation. Conjugative plasmids often carry suites of ‘accessory elements’ that contribute adaptive traits to the hosts and, potentially, other resident prokaryotes within specific environmental niches. Insight into the evolution of plasmid modules therefore contributes to our knowledge of gene dissemination and evolution within prokaryotic communities. This communal pool provides the prokaryotes with an important mechanistic framework for obtaining adaptability and functional diversity that alleviates the need for large genomes of specialized ‘private genes’.

scholarly journals Significant contribution of the CmeABC Efflux pump in high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli clinical isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Sharifi ◽  
Bita Bakhshi ◽  
Shahin Najar-peerayeh
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Point Mutation ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Rapd Pcr ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
High Level ◽  
Level Resistance

Abstract Background Campylobacter resistance to antimicrobial agents is regarded as a major concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the CmeABC efflux pump and the RAPD-PCR pattern in drug-resistant Campylobacter isolates. Methods A total of 283 stool specimens were collected from children under the age of five with diarrhea. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin was determined by broth microdilution method and E-test, respectively. Detection of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin determinants was done by amplification of tetO gene and PCR-sequencing of the gyrA gene. The cmeABC transcriptional expression was analyzed by Real-time (RT)-PCR. Clonal correlation of resistant strains was determined by RAPD-PCR genotyping. Results Out of 283 fecal samples, 20 (7.02%) samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. Analysis of duplex PCR assay of the cadF gene showed that 737 and 461 bp amplicons were corresponding to Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, respectively. All of the 17 phenotypically tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter isolates harbored the tetO gene. Also, four phenotypically ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter isolates had a point mutation at codon 257 of the gyrA gene (ACA to ATA; Thr > Ile). High-level expression of the cmeA gene was observed in ciprofloxacin-resistant and high-level tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter isolates, suggesting a positive correlation between the cmeA gene expression level and tetracycline resistance level. Moreover, a statistically significant difference was observed in the cmeA gene expression between ciprofloxacin-resistant and ciprofloxacin-susceptible strains, which signifies the crucial contribution of the efflux pump in conferring multiple drug resistance phenotype among Campylobacter spp. RAPD analysis of Campylobacter isolates exhibited 16 different patterns. Simpsone`s diversity index of RAPD-PCR was calculated as 0.85, showing a high level of homogeneity among the population; however, no clear correlation was detected among tetracycline and/or ciprofloxacin resistant isolates. Conclusion Significant contribution of the CmeABC efflux pump in conferring high-level resistance to tetracycline and ciprofloxacin was observed in C. jejuni and C. coli clinical isolates. The resistant phenotype is suggested to be mediated by CmeABC efflux pumps, the tetO gene, and point mutation of the gyrA gene. Genotyping revealed no clonal correlation among resistant strains, indicating distinct evolution of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin resistant genotypes among the isolates.

Insight into the formation of a continuous sheath structure for the PS phase in tri-continuous PVDF/PS/HDPE blends

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Dou ◽  
Shuanglin Li ◽  
Yan Shao ◽  
Bo Yin ◽  
Mingbo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Continuous Structure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Sheath Structure

A hierarchical tri-continuous structure is formed and controlled in PVDF/PS/HDPE ternary blends. A very high level of PS continuity, about 80%, is achieved only with a PS volume composition as low as 11 vol%.

Microearthquakes in the Tihamat-Asir region of Saudi Arabia

1980 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2291-2293
Author(s):  
H. M. Merghelani ◽  
S. K. Gallanthine
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Continental Crust ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Fault Plane ◽  
Seismic Refraction ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
High Level ◽  
Asir Region

abstract During the course of a seismic refraction investigation in Saudi Arabia, an unexpected high level of microearthquake activity was detected near the border of the Red Sea and near the transition from oceanic to continental crust. The data is not adequate to determine fault plane solutions nor to relate the earthquakes to specific structures, but the existence of microearthquakes at this location suggest that there is a significant level of tectonic activity at a point 200 km from an axial trough of the Red Sea. These data, combined with other recent geological observations, may be an important clue to the understanding of continental rifting. The data suggest the need for a more thorough investigation of the earthquake hazard along the shores of the Red Sea.

scholarly journals Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction after Endodontic Treatment Performed in Three Hospitals in Jeddah, kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Ragab Eid Saif Hassan ◽  
Abdulrahman waseem hamid Alhamid ◽  
Abdullah Abdlilwahid Abdullah Alshuaybi ◽  
Abdulaziz Osama Asaad Hamadallah
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Life Assessment ◽  
Total Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
High Level

Aims: To evaluate the quality of life of patients after endodontic treatment, and their satisfaction toward the endodontic treatment in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A cross sectional study, was conducted on 300 patients who underwent endodontic treatment from 6 months to a week ago. The study was performed using a self-administered questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using statistical analysis software SPSS v.26. Results: In the OHRQoL items, the total degree of the oral health-related quality of life assessment was medium with (M = 2.72 out of 5, RII = 54.4%, SD = 0.67), the most affected was "Feeling an excruciating pain in the mouth" with (M = 3.37 out of 5, RII = 67.4%, SD = 0.77), while the least was  " Feeling irritable with others because of the teeth or mouth" with (M = 2.32 out of 5, RII = 46.4%, SD = 1.35). The total degree of the personal satisfaction assessment was high with (M = 3.78 out of 5, RII = 75.6%, SD = 0.67). "Postoperative Pleasantness" was the most satisfied part with (M = 3.86 out of 5, RII = 77.3%, SD = 0.87). Conclusion: This study showed a moderate level of OHRQoL among patients after the endodontic treatment, and a high level of satisfaction among patients toward the endodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Reconstructing feedback representations in ventral visual pathway with a generative adversarial autoencoder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haider Al-Tahan ◽  
Yalda Mohsenzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Visual Pathway ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Ventral Visual Pathway ◽  
High Level ◽  
Feedback Connections ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractWhile vision evokes a dense network of feedforward and feedback neural processes in the brain, visual processes are primarily modeled with feedforward hierarchical neural networks, leaving the computational role of feedback processes poorly understood. Here, we developed a generative autoencoder neural network model and adversarially trained it on a categorically diverse data set of images. We hypothesized that the feedback processes in the ventral visual pathway can be represented by reconstruction of the visual information performed by the generative model. We compared representational similarity of the activity patterns in the proposed model with temporal (magnetoencephalography) and spatial (functional magnetic resonance imaging) visual brain responses. The proposed generative model identified two segregated neural dynamics in the visual brain. A temporal hierarchy of processes transforming low level visual information into high level semantics in the feedforward sweep, and a temporally later dynamics of inverse processes reconstructing low level visual information from a high level latent representation in the feedback sweep. Our results append to previous studies on neural feedback processes by presenting a new insight into the algorithmic function and the information carried by the feedback processes in the ventral visual pathway.Author summaryIt has been shown that the ventral visual cortex consists of a dense network of regions with feedforward and feedback connections. The feedforward path processes visual inputs along a hierarchy of cortical areas that starts in early visual cortex (an area tuned to low level features e.g. edges/corners) and ends in inferior temporal cortex (an area that responds to higher level categorical contents e.g. faces/objects). Alternatively, the feedback connections modulate neuronal responses in this hierarchy by broadcasting information from higher to lower areas. In recent years, deep neural network models which are trained on object recognition tasks achieved human-level performance and showed similar activation patterns to the visual brain. In this work, we developed a generative neural network model that consists of encoding and decoding sub-networks. By comparing this computational model with the human brain temporal (magnetoencephalography) and spatial (functional magnetic resonance imaging) response patterns, we found that the encoder processes resemble the brain feedforward processing dynamics and the decoder shares similarity with the brain feedback processing dynamics. These results provide an algorithmic insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of feedforward and feedback processes in biological vision.

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