Variação Espaço-Sazonal Termohigrométrica do Parque Urbano Mãe Bonifácia pelo Método da Krigagem

Parques urbanos servem como áreas de lazer e práticas de exercício, levando a preocupação do conforto térmico de seus usuários. O Parque Mãe Bonifácia, objeto deste estudo, encontra-se na cidade de Cuiabá-MT, sendo um fragmento de cerrado urbano, sofrendo com toda a sazonalidade do clima local, tendo períodos de seca rigorosa e períodos com precipitação. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma análise da variação espaço-sazonal termohigrométrica pelo método da krigagem do referido Parque. Foram feitas medidas mensais de temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar nos horários entre às 10 e 12 horas. No período seco, as médias de temperatura do ar foram de 33,44 oC, já a média de temperatura para o período chuvoso foi de 31,09 oC. A média de umidade relativa do período seco foi de 43,34% e para período chuvoso 68,71%. Como resultado se percebeu a influência do entorno no parque, sendo as menores temperaturas do ar e maiores umidades relativas do ar as que ocorrem na região central do parque. Os ajustes dos semivariogramas foram considerados satisfatórios para 3 dos 4 períodos analisados, encontrando dificuldade em realizar o ajuste para a umidade relativa do ar no período chuvoso, tendo como a presença da água um possível causador dessa dificuldade. Para os dados de microclima do município de Cuiabá-MT, os resultados estão de acordo com as normais climatológicas e outros estudos realizados na mesma região.Palavras-chave: Semivariograma. Temperatura do Ar. Umidade Relativa do Ar. Precipitação.AbstractUrban parks serve as leisure areas and exercise practices, leading to concern about the thermal comfort of its users. Mãe Bonifácia Park, object of this study, is in the city of Cuiabá-MT, being a fragment of urban cerrado, suffering with all the seasonality of the local climate, having periods of strict drought and periods with precipitation. Thus the objective of this work was to make an analysis of the space-seasonalthermohygrometric variation through the kriging method of the aforementioned park. Monthly measurements of air temperature and relative humidity were taken at times between 10 and 12 hours. In the dry period the averages of the air temperature were 33.44oC, whereas the average temperature for the rainy period was 31,09oC. The mean relative humidity of the dry period was 43.34% and for the rainy season 68.71%. As a result the influence of the surroundings in the park was observed, being the lowest air temperatures and the hightest relative humidity of the air occurring in the central region of the park. The adjustments of the semivariograms were considered satisfactory for 3 of the 4 analyzed periods, finding it difficult to adjust for the relative humidity of the rainy season, with the presence of water being a possible cause of this difficulty. For the microclimate data of the municipality of Cuiabá-MT, the results are in agreement with the climate normals and other studies carried out in the same region.Keyword: Semivariogram. Air Temperature. Relative Humidity. Precipitation.

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Changes in Temperature and Rainfall as a Result of Local Climate Change in Pasadena, California

10.20944/preprints201803.0192.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

David Eugene Kimbrough

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Mediterranean Climate ◽

Local Climate ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Median Volume ◽

Local Climate Change ◽

Local Water ◽

The City ◽

Regional Rainfall

The City of Pasadena is located in southern California; a region which has a Mediterranean climate and where the vast majority of rainfall occurs between October and April with the period between January and March being the most intense. A significant amount of the local water supply comes from regional rainfall, therefore any changes in precipitation patterns in the area has considerable significance. HYPOTHESIS: Local climate change has been occurring in the Pasadena area over the last 100 years resulting in changes in air temperature and rainfall. AIR TEMPERATURES: Between 1886 and 2016 the air temperature in Pasadena, California has increased significantly, from a minimum of 23.8°C in the daytime and 8.1°C at night between 1911 and 1920 to 27.2°C and 13.3°C between 2011 and 2016. The increase in nighttime temperature was uniform throughout the year, however daytime temperatures showed more seasonal variation. There was little change in the daytime temperatures May through July but more change the rest of the year. For example, the median daytime temperature for June between 1911 and 1920 was 27.9°C but was 28.7°C between 2011 and 2016, a difference of 0.8°C. In contrast, for October for the same periods the median daytime temperatures were 25.6°C and 28.9°C, a difference of 3.3°C. RAINFALL: There has been a change in local rainfall pattern over the same period. In comparing rainfall between 1883 – 1949 and 1950 – 2016, there appeared to be less rainfall in the months of October, December, and April while other months seemed to show no change in rainfall. For example, between the two periods mentioned above, the median rainfall in October was 12.4 mm and 8.9 mm respectively while for December they were 68.6 mm and 40.4 mm. There was comparatively a smaller change in the median volume of rainfall in April (18.8 mm vs. 17.5 mm). However, between 1883 and 2016 there were 13 with less than 1 mm of rain, 12 of which occurred after 1961. In the same line of logic, no measureable amount of rain occurred for 23 Octobers, 15 of those occurred after 1961. CONCLUSION: As air temperatures increased over the last 100 years in the Pasadena area, rainfall may have decreased in October, December, and April.

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Heatwaves and Summer Urban Heat Islands: A Daily Cycle Approach to Unveil the Urban Thermal Signal Changes in Lisbon, Portugal

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12030292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 292 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ana Oliveira ◽

António Lopes ◽

Ezequiel Correia ◽

Samuel Niza ◽

Amílcar Soares

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Wind Direction ◽

Urban Heat Islands ◽

Daily Cycle ◽

Local Climate ◽

Thermal Signal ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Local Climate Change ◽

Urban Heat

Lisbon is a European Mediterranean city, greatly exposed to heatwaves (HW), according to recent trends and climate change prospects. Considering the Atlantic influence, air temperature observations from Lisbon’s mesoscale network are used to investigate the interactions between background weather and the urban thermal signal (UTS) in summer. Days are classified according to the prevailing regional wind direction, and hourly UTS is compared between HW and non-HW conditions. Northern-wind days predominate, revealing greater maximum air temperatures (up to 40 °C) and greater thermal amplitudes (approximately 10 °C), and account for 37 out of 49 HW days; southern-wind days have milder temperatures, and no HWs occur. Results show that the wind direction groups are significantly different. While southern-wind days have minor UTS variations, northern-wind days have a consistent UTS daily cycle: a diurnal urban cooling island (UCI) (often lower than –1.0 °C), a late afternoon peak urban heat island (UHI) (occasionally surpassing 4.0 °C), and a stable nocturnal UHI (1.5 °C median intensity). UHI/UCI intensities are not significantly different between HW and non-HW conditions, although the synoptic influence is noted. Results indicate that, in Lisbon, the UHI intensity does not increase during HW events, although it is significantly affected by wind. As such, local climate change adaptation strategies must be based on scenarios that account for the synergies between potential changes in regional air temperature and wind.

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Quantifying the Independent Influences of Land Cover and Humidity on Microscale Urban Air Temperature Variation in Hot Summer: Methods of Path Analysis and Genetic SVR

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11121377 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1377

Author(s):

Weifang Shi ◽

Nan Wang ◽

Aixuan Xin ◽

Linglan Liu ◽

Jiaqi Hou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Land Cover ◽

Path Analysis ◽

Temperature Variation ◽

Direct Effect ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Support Vector ◽

Urban Air ◽

Air Temperatures

Mitigating high air temperatures and heat waves is vital for decreasing air pollution and protecting public health. To improve understanding of microscale urban air temperature variation, this paper performed measurements of air temperature and relative humidity in a field of Wuhan City in the afternoon of hot summer days, and used path analysis and genetic support vector regression (SVR) to quantify the independent influences of land cover and humidity on air temperature variation. The path analysis shows that most effect of the land cover is mediated through relative humidity difference, more than four times as much as the direct effect, and that the direct effect of relative humidity difference is nearly six times that of land cover, even larger than the total effect of the land cover. The SVR simulation illustrates that land cover and relative humidity independently contribute 16.3% and 83.7%, on average, to the rise of the air temperature over the land without vegetation in the study site. An alternative strategy of increasing the humidity artificially is proposed to reduce high air temperatures in urban areas. The study would provide scientific support for the regulation of the microclimate and the mitigation of the high air temperature in urban areas.

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INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY ON THE EMERGENCE BEHAVIOUR OF ANAX JUNIUS (ODONATA: AESHNIDAE)

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/ent105975-7 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 105 (7) ◽

pp. 975-984 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Robert Trottier

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Water Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Water Surface ◽

Average Speed ◽

Anax Junius ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Stage 4 ◽

Temperature And Humidity ◽

Three Stages

AbstractEmergence from the water of Anax junius Drury normally occurred after sunset. The onset was affected independently by water temperature and air temperature; low water temperature and high air temperature delayed the onset of emergence. In the field, the net vrtical distance travelled above the water, before ecdysis, was positively correlated with air temperature. In the laboratory, the vertical distance travelled above the water was greatest when air and water temperatures were approximately the same. The average speed of climbing to the first resting position above the water surface was faster at high than low water temperature, but the average speed of climbing from there to the final position, where ecdysis occurred, was reduced due to the effects of air temperature and humidity. Air temperatures below 12.6 °C were found to retard ecdysis and larvae returned to the water and emerged early the following day making the final process of emergence and ecdysis diurnal instead of nocturnal. The duration of ecdysis was shorter at high than low air temperatures and only the first three stages, as arbitrarily defined, were longer at low than high relative humidity; stage 4, shortened with low relative humidity. This study shows that A. Junius, emerging from the water is affected at first by the temperature experienced when submerged, but it becomes gradually and cumulatively affected by air temperature and humidity while climbing to the ecdysial position and moulting.

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WATER-CONTAINING ABILITY OF COTTON LEAVES UNDER DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS

EPRA International Journal of Research & Development (IJRD) ◽

10.36713/epra3875 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 164-166

Author(s):

Alisher Muradullaevich Muradullaev

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Water Holding Capacity ◽

Relative Resistance ◽

Cotton Variety ◽

Temperature Conditions ◽

Control Option ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Water Holding

This article presents the results of studies on the change of the water-holding ability in leaves of some varieties and lines of cotton under the influence of various high air temperatures (I control option from +24.6 to + 35.4 °C; II option - from +36.4 to +45, 1 °C; III option - from +39.5 to + 48.4 °C). At a high air temperature of + 48.4 °C, the water-holding capacity of the leaves in varieties Surkhan-14, Istiklol-14, Bukhara-102 was 26.2; 24.6; 26.4%, which indicates the relative resistance of these varieties to high air temperatures. KEYWORDS: cotton, variety, line, high air temperature, relative humidity, water holding ability.

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Variation of Frost Roughness on a Flat Plate Under Forced Convection

Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications ◽

10.1115/1.4047570 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tongxin Zhang ◽

Dennis L. O’Neal ◽

Stephen T. McClain

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Surface Temperature ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Mean Square ◽

Empirical Correlations ◽

Testing Conditions ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Photogrammetric Method ◽

Grain Roughness

Abstract Experiments were conducted on a cold flat aluminum plate to characterize the variation of frost roughness over both time and location on the surfaces. The testing conditions included air temperatures from 8 to 16 °C, wall temperatures from −20 to −10 °C, relative humidities from 60 to 80%, and air velocities from 0.5 to 2.5 m/s. Each test lasted 2 h. A 3D photogrammetric method was employed to measure the variation in frost root-mean-square height and skewness by location and time. These data were used to develop the equivalent sand-grain roughness for the frost at different locations and time. The experimental results showed that frost roughness varied by location and changed with time. For the environmental conditions in this study, relative humidity and air temperature were the most important factors determining changes in the peak frost roughness. For example, at an air temperature of 12 °C and a surface temperature of −15 °C, the frost roughness peaked at about 40 min for a relative humidity of 80% and 90 min for a relative humidity of 60%. Empirical correlations were provided to describe the relationships between the environmental conditions and the appearance of the peak frost roughness.

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Evaluation of nature-based solutions implementation scenarios, using urban surface modelling

10.47248/hkod902101010003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-42

Author(s):

Emmanuel Panagiotakis ◽

Dionysia Kolokotsa ◽

Nektarios Chrysoulakis

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Urban Environment ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Green Infrastructure ◽

Model Simulation ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Sensible Heat Flux ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

The present paper aims to study the impact of Nature Based Solutions (NBS) on the urban environment. The Surface Urban Energy and Water balance Scheme (SUEWS) is used to quantify the impact of NBS in the city of Heraklion, Crete, Greece, a densely built urban area. Local meteorological data and data from an Eddy Covariance flux tower installed in the city center are used for the model simulation and evaluation. Five different scenarios are tested by replacing the city’s roofs and pavements with green infrastructure, i.e., trees and grass, and water bodies. The NBS impact evaluation is based on the changes of air temperature above 2m from the ground, relative humidity and energy fluxes. A decrease of the air temperature is revealed with the highest reduction (2.3%) occurring when the pavements are replaced with grass for all scenarios. The reduction of the air temperature is followed by a decrease in turbulent sensible heat flux. For almost all cases, an increase of the relative humidity is noticed, accompanied by a considerable increase of the turbulent latent heat flux. Therefore, NBS in cities change the energy balance significantly and modify the urban environment for the citizens' benefit.

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ÍNDICE DE VEGETAÇÃO POR DIFERENÇA NORMALIZADA ASSOCIADO ÀS VARIÁVEIS PLUVIOMÉTRICAS PARA A SUB-BACIA DO RIO ESPINHARAS – PB/RN

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v9i1.10453 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 106-114

Author(s):

Ewerton Medeiros Simões ◽

Joedla Rodrigues de Lima ◽

Izaque Francisco Candeia de Mendonça

Keyword(s):

Rainy Season ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Dry Period ◽

Rainy Period ◽

Brazilian Semiarid ◽

Weather Stations

No semiárido brasileiro, onde se insere o bioma caatinga, a precipitaçãos é um dos fator limitante para seu desenvolvimento sócioeconômico e ambiental, este estudo avaliou a correlação existente entre o nível de cobertura vegetal e as variáveis pluviométricas locais, considerando a climatologia de 2005 e 2015, utilizando-se imagens dos sensores TM e OLI dos satélites Landsat 5 e Landsat 8, respectivamente. O ano de 2005 apresentou maiores valores de NDVI em relação a 2015, com valores máximos de 0,71 e 0,78 no período seco e úmido, respectivamente. No ano de 2015, os valores máximos são de 0,64 e 0,61, para o período seco e úmido, respectivamente. Os maiores valores foram observados no período chuvoso de 2005, nas áreas de influência das estações meteorológicas de Matureia, Salgadinho e Areia de Baraúnas. No período seco, nota-se a baixa variabilidade dos valores de NDVI, sendo as maiores leituras observadas nas estações de Matureia, Salgadinho e Teixeira. As estações que apresentaram as maiores reduções nos valores de NDVI de 2005 para 2015, no período chuvoso, foram Matureia, Santa Teresinha e Salgadinho, com reduções de 41,9%, 38,2% e 32,7%, respectivamente. As correlações mais significativas foram estabelecidas para os períodos secos. As menores correlações foram verificadas no período chuvoso. A elevação dos níveis pluviométricos na região não implicou o aumento progressivo nos valores de NDVI. Palavras-chave: semiárido; geoprocessamento; índice de vegetação normalizada. Normalized difference vegetation index associated with pluviometric variables for Espinharas River sub-basin - PB/RN States ABSTRACT: In the Brazilian semiarid, where the caatinga biome is inserted, precipitation is a limiting factor for its socioeconomic and environmental development, This study evaluated the correlation between the level of vegetation cover and the local rainfall variables, considering the climatology of 2005 and 2015, using images from the TM and OLI sensors of the Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellites, respectively. The year 2005 presented higher NDVI values compared to 2015, with maximum values of 0.71 and 0.78 in the dry and wet periods, respectively. In 2015, the maximum values are 0.64 and 0.61, for the dry and wet periods, respectively. The highest values were observed in the rainy period of 2005, in the weather stations of Matureia, Salgadinho and Areia de Baraúnas. In the dry period, the low variability of NDVI values is noted, with the highest readings observed in the Matureia, Salgadinho and Teixeira platforms. The platforms that showed the greatest reductions in NDVI values from 2005 to 2015, in the rainy season, were Matureia, Santa Teresinha and Salgadinho, with reductions of 41.9%, 38.2% and 32.7%, respectively. The most significant correlations were established for the dry periods. The smallest correlations were found in the rainy season. The increase in rainfall levels in the region did not imply a progressive increase in NDVI values. Keywords: semiarid; geoprocessing; normalized difference vegetation index.

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ANÁLISE DO CONFORTO TÉRMICO HUMANO NO MUNICÍPIO DE ARAPIRACA – ALAGOAS, UTILIZANDO SOFTWARE MATLAB (ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN THERMAL COMFORT THE CITY OF ARAPIRACA - ALAGOAS USING SOFTWARE MATLAB)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v7.5.p939-948 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 939

Author(s):

Juliete Baraúna dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Effective Temperature ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Urban Climate ◽

Heat Stroke ◽

Human Thermal Comfort ◽

Discomfort Index ◽

The City

Foram obtidas medidas das variáveis meteorológicas temperatura do ar, umidade relativa do ar e velocidade do vento através da estação automática instalada em Arapiraca com a finalidade de monitorar as condições de tempo no município em diferentes períodos (época chuvosa e seca). Sendo utilizado o índice de desconforto (ID), o índice de desconforto de Kawamura (IDK), índice da temperatura efetiva (TE) e o índice de temperatura efetiva em função do vento (TEV). Os valores mais elevados dos índices que foram registrados para o período chuvoso, foram do índice id com aproximadamente 2,5 °C acima dos valores observados da temperatura do ar (em média 26,5 °C), caracterizando crescente desconforto para os indivíduos locais. Para o período seco não houve registros de grandes variações entre os respectivos índices. E assim como no período chuvoso, os valores mais elevados no período seco foram do índice id, indicando nesse período também forte desconforto. Os valores obtidos estiveram condizentes com a literatura, sendo a sensação térmica mais preponderante durante o inverno. E, de acordo com as variações, em todo período de estudo (05 de maio de 2008 a 05 de maio de 2011) a população foi submetida aos alertas de atenção e muito cuidado, situação esta que pôde provocar fadiga ou cãibras, esgotamento e insolação nos casos de exposição prolongada e atividade física. A B S T R A C T Measurements of meteorological variables air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed by automatic station installed in Arapiraca in order to monitor the weather conditions in the city in different periods (dry and rainy season) were obtained. Being used the discomfort index (ID), the discomfort index of Kawamura (IDK), index of effective temperature (TE) and the index of effective temperature as a function of wind (TEv). Higher index values that were recorded for the rainy season, the index id were approximately 2.5 ° C above the observed values of air temperature (average 26.5 ° C), indicating increasing discomfort for local individuals . For the dry period there were no reports of large variations between the respective indices. And just as the rainy season, the highest values in the dry season were the index id, indicating that period also strong discomfort. The values obtained were consistent with the literature, the most predominant wind chill during the winter. And, according to the variations in the study period (May 5, 2008 to 05 maio 2011) the population was subjected to warnings of attention and care, a situation that could cause fatigue or cramps, exhaustion and heat stroke in cases of prolonged exposure and physical activity. Key-Words: Urban climate. Thermal comfort Human. Bioclimatic

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Future scenarios of thermal bioclimatic conditions in a humid tropical city under urban development

Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science ◽

10.4136/ambi-agua.2092 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Vicente De Paulo Rodrigues da Silva ◽

Joel Silva Santos ◽

Eduardo Rodrigues Viana de Lima ◽

Romildo Morant de Holanda ◽

Enio Pereira de Sousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Kendall Test ◽

Future Scenarios ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

Mann Kendall Test ◽

Bioclimatic Conditions ◽

The City

Urbanization modifies the heat balance in urban areas and has negative effects on landscape, aesthetics, energy efficiency, human health and the inhabitants’ quality of life. This work evaluated future scenarios of bioclimatic conditions for João Pessoa, a humid tropical city in Northeast Brazil. The scenarios were determined based on trends in air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed for the time period from 1968 to 2015. The study was performed for two distinct periods of three months each (dry and wet seasons) using data from weather stations equipped with thermo-hygrometers and cup anemometers located in nine representative areas of the city. Trends in air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and effective temperature index (ET index) time series were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall test. Results indicated that the air temperature showed an increasing trend of 0.34°C/decade, whereas the relative humidity showed a decreasing trend of 0.49%/decade and the wind speed values ranged from 1.3 ms-1 to 3.80 ms-1. These trends are statistically significant according to the Mann-Kendall test (p<0.05). The air temperature increased between the 1980s and 2010s, which corresponds to a period of rapid urbanization of the city. Future environmental conditions in João Pessoa will be determined in accordance with the urbanization processes.

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