Uso e Necessidade de Prótese Dentária em Idosos de Londrina, Paraná

Este estudo avaliou a necessidade e uso de prótese entre 504 idosos independentes, cadastrados nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) do município de Londrina, Paraná. As características sociodemográficas foram também analisadas. A situação quanto às próteses dentárias foi avaliada a partir de informações sobre seu uso e necessidade nos arcos superior e inferior. As observações ao exame levaram em conta os códigos e critérios preconizados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). As informações sociodemográficas foram obtidas pela aplicação de um formulário estruturado, avaliando: sexo, idade, nível de escolaridade, estado conjugal, tipo de moradia, número de pessoas na casa, renda familiar. A idade dos 504 idosos avaliados envolveu entre 60 e 75 anos, sendo a maioria entre 65 e 74 anos (54,2%), do gênero feminino (66,3%), de procedência rural (53,8%), cor branca (62,1%) e com até 4 anos de estudo (80,6%). Destes idosos, 15,1% não usam qualquer tipo de prótese, 24,6% usam em uma arcada e 60,3% usam algum tipo de prótese nas duas arcadas. Quanto à necessidade de prótese, observou-se que 21,6% não necessitam de qualquer tipo de prótese, 19,4% necessitam em uma arcada e a maioria (58,9%) necessita nas duas arcadas. Somente houve dependência, estatisticamente significante, entre as variáveis de necessidade de prótese dentária e gênero, cor da pele e procedência. Sendo assim, pode-se concluir que a prevalência de necessidade de prótese é acentuada e existe uma demanda populacional para reabilitação protética.Palavras-chave: Epidemiologia. Idosos. Saúde Bucal.AbstractThis study evaluated the need and use of prosthesis among 504 independent elderly, registered in the Basic Health Units (BHU) of the city of Londrina, Paraná. Sociodemographic characteristics were also evaluated. The situation regarding dental prosthesis was evaluated based on information about their use and need in the upper and lower arches. The observations were performed according to the codes and criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The sociodemographic information was obtained by applying a structured form, evaluating: gender, age, educational level, marital status, housing type, number of people living in the residence, family income. The age of the 504-elderly studied was between 65 and 74 years (54.2%), female (66.3%), rural origin (53.8%), white skin color (62.1%) and up to 4 years of schooling (80.6%). Of these elderly, 15.1% do not use any type of prosthesis, 24.6% use only in one dental arch and 60.3% use some type of prosthesis in both arches. Regarding the need of prosthesis, it was observed that 21.6% do not require any type of prosthesis, 19.4% need in one arch and the majority (58.9%) needs in both arches. There was only statistically significant dependence among the variables of need for dental prosthesis and gender, skin color and origin. Thus, it can be concluded that the prevalence of need for prosthetic is high and there is a population demand for prosthetic rehabilitation.Keywords: Epidemiology. Elderly. Oral Health.

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Risk factors for and protective factors against breastfeeding interruption before 2 years: a birth cohort study

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-021-02777-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Graciete Oliveira Vieira ◽

Tatiana de Oliveira Vieira ◽

Camilla da Cruz Martins ◽

Michelle de Santana Xavier Ramos ◽

Elsa Regina Justo Giugliani

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Skin Color ◽

Family Income ◽

World Health ◽

Breastfeeding Duration ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

White Skin ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background Little is known about the factors associated with the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation of breastfeeding for at least 2 years. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for and protective factors against breastfeeding interruption before 2 years of age. Methods In this live birth cohort, mother and infant dyads were followed for 2 years. Data collection was performed at the maternity ward and subsequently at the children’s homes, monthly during the first 6 months of life and then at 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. The outcome of interest was breastfeeding interruption before 2 years of age. Median duration of breastfeeding was estimated using Kaplan-Meier’s survival analysis, and the associations were tested using Cox’s hierarchical multivariate model. Significance was set at 5%. Results Data from a total of 1344 dyads were assessed. Median breastfeeding duration was 385 days. The following risk factors for breastfeeding interruption were identified: white skin color (adjusted hazard ratio [HRa]: 1.31; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.10–1.56), primiparity (HRa: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.05–1.40), working outside the home (HRa: 1.52; 95%CI: 1.30–1.77), child sex male (HRa: 1.18; 95%CI: 1.03–1.35) and use of a pacifier (HRa: 3.46; 95%CI: 2.98–4.01). Conversely, the following protective factors were identified: lower family income (HRa: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.71–0.94), mother-infant bed-sharing (HRa:0.61, 95%CI: 0.52–0.73), on-demand breastfeeding in the first month (HRa: 0.64; 95%CI: 0.47–0.89) and exclusive breastfeeding at 4 months (HRa: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.48–0.70). Conclusions The findings allowed to identify both risk factors for and protective factors against breastfeeding interruption before 2 years of age. Knowledge of these factors may help prevent this event and aid in the development of programs that help women maintain breastfeeding for at least 2 years, as recommended by the WHO.

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Prevalence of smoking and age of initiation in Alexandria, Egypt

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/2002.8.4-5.626 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4-5) ◽

pp. 626-637 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. M. Youssef ◽

S. A. Abou Khatwa ◽

H. M. Fouad

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Use ◽

Family Income ◽

World Health ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Current Smoking ◽

High Prevalence ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Organization ◽

The City

A cross-sectional survey on tobacco use in the city of Alexandria, Egypt, used an interview questionnaire based on World Health Organization guidelines. The study in 2000 included 2120 participants aged 15 to 86 years. More than a quarter [27.2%] were current smokers [25.5% daily smokers and 1.7% occasional smokers] and 3.5% were ex-smokers. Current smokers spent 23.1% of their family income on tobacco. The prevalence of current smoking was significantly higher among men [48.5%] than women [1.5%] and the mean age of initiation of smoking was lower among men [18.1 years] than women [22.6 years]. The high prevalence of tobacco use among men is of concern, so too is the likelihood that tobacco use will increase among women. Further research is needed into factors that prevent people from starting smoking and assist them stopping smoking

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The hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype in young adults from the Southern Region of Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2013000500017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 999-1007 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ricardo Lanzetta Haack ◽

Bernardo Lessa Horta ◽

Denise Petrucci Gigante ◽

Fernando C. Barros ◽

Isabel Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waist Circumference ◽

Skin Color ◽

Family Income ◽

Southern Region ◽

Fat Intake ◽

Hypertriglyceridemic Waist ◽

Maternity Hospitals ◽

Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Phenotype ◽

The City

The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype and its associated factors among subjects that have been followed up from birth. In 1982, all maternity hospitals in the city of Pelotas, in the Southern Region of Brazil, were visited and all births were recorded. Babies whose parents lived in the urban area of Pelotas were subsequently followed up on several occasions. A 22 to 23-year follow-up of this birth cohort was carried out in 2004 and 2005. The presence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was defined as waist circumference ≥ 90cm and triglyceride levels ≥ 177mg/dL for males, and waist circumference ≥ 85cm and triglyceride levels ≥ 133mg/dL for females. The prevalence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype was 5.9% and 4.5% among men and women, respectively. Among males, a sedentary lifestyle during leisure time, smoking and obesity were associated with the presence of the hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype, whereas among females the condition was positively associated with skin color, family income, obesity and dietary fat intake.

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Pyrethroid and Etofenprox Resistance in Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii from Vegetable Farms in Yaoundé, Cameroon: Dynamics, Intensity and Molecular Basis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26185543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (18) ◽

pp. 5543

Author(s):

Michael Piameu ◽

Philippe Nwane ◽

Wilson Toussile ◽

Konstantinos Mavridis ◽

Nadja Christina Wipf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anopheles Gambiae ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

World Health ◽

Anopheles Coluzzii ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metabolic Genes ◽

Anopheles Gambiae S.L ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Health Organization ◽

The City

Previous studies have indicated widespread insecticide resistance in malaria vector populations from Cameroon. However, the intensity of this resistance and underlying mechanisms are poorly known. Therefore, we conducted three cross-sectional resistance surveys between April 2018 and October 2019, using the revised World Health Organization protocol, which includes resistance incidences and intensity assessments. Field-collected Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations from Nkolondom, Nkolbisson and Ekié vegetable farms in the city of Yaoundé were tested with deltamethrin, permethrin, alpha-cypermethrin and etofenprox, using 1× insecticide diagnostic concentrations for resistance incidence, then 5× and 10× concentrations for resistance intensity. Subsamples were analyzed for species identification and the detection of resistance-associated molecular markers using TaqMan® qPCR assays. In Nkolbisson, both An. coluzzii (96%) and An. gambiae s.s. (4%) were found together, whereas only An. gambiae s.s. was present in Nkolondom, and only An. coluzzii was present in Ekié. All three populations were resistant to the four insecticides (<75% mortality rates―MR1×), with intensity generally fluctuating over the time between mod-erate (<98%―MR5×; ≥98%―MR10×) and high (76–97%―MR10×). The kdr L995F, L995S, and N1570Y, and the Ace-1 G280S-resistant alleles were found in An. gambiae from Nkolondom, at 73%, 1%, 16% and 13% frequencies, respectively, whereas only the kdr L995F was found in An. gambiae s.s. from Nkolbisson at a 50% frequency. In An. coluzzii from Nkolbisson and Ekié, we detected only the kdr L995F allele at 65% and 60% frequencies, respectively. Furthermore, expression levels of Cyp6m2, Cyp9k1, and Gste2 metabolic genes were highly upregulated (over fivefold) in Nkolondom and Nkolbisson. Pyrethroid and etofenprox-based vector control interventions may be jeopardized in the prospected areas, due to high resistance intensity, with multiple mechanisms in An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii.

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Unpuzzling COVID-19: tissue-related signaling pathways associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20200904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 134 (16) ◽

pp. 2137-2160 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Daniella S. Battagello ◽

Guilherme Dragunas ◽

Marianne O. Klein ◽

Ana L.P. Ayub ◽

Fernando J. Velloso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Clinical Impact ◽

World Health ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Cellular Interaction ◽

Crucial Importance ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Health Organization ◽

The City

Abstract The highly infective coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel strain of coronaviruses – the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) – discovered in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan (Hubei Province, China). Remarkably, COVID-19 has rapidly spread across all continents and turned into a public health emergency, which was ultimately declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in early 2020. SARS-CoV-2 presents similar aspects to other members of the coronavirus family, mainly regarding its genome, protein structure and intracellular mechanisms, that may translate into mild (or even asymptomatic) to severe infectious conditions. Although the mechanistic features underlying the COVID-19 progression have not been fully clarified, current evidence have suggested that SARS-CoV-2 may primarily behave as other β-coronavirus members. To better understand the development and transmission of COVID-19, unveiling the signaling pathways that may be impacted by SARS-CoV-2 infection, at the molecular and cellular levels, is of crucial importance. In this review, we present the main aspects related to the origin, classification, etiology and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, here we describe the potential mechanisms of cellular interaction and signaling pathways, elicited by functional receptors, in major targeted tissues/organs from the respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), cardiovascular, renal, and nervous systems. Furthermore, the potential involvement of these signaling pathways in evoking the onset and progression of COVID-19 symptoms in these organ systems are presently discussed. A brief description of future perspectives related to potential COVID-19 treatments is also highlighted.

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Lebanon Cities’ Public Spaces

The Journal of Public Space ◽

10.5204/jps.v3i1.323 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 119-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Maryam Nazzal ◽

Samer Chinder

Keyword(s):

Green Space ◽

Public Spaces ◽

World Health ◽

Right To The City ◽

Social Connections ◽

Land Prices ◽

The Social ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Right ◽

The City

In Lebanon, the social connections are undeniable and crucial. However, meeting places remain private such as houses, restaurants, malls, and beach resorts. This is mainly due to the shortage of public spaces in Lebanon resulting from lack of planning, regulations and awareness around the right to the city and the importance of public spaces. In main cities where land prices are so expensive, common practice has prioritized the use of land in real estate development, thus trumping other uses such as public and communal spaces.In the late 1990s, Lebanon saw the emergence of malls, which have arguably acted as alternatives to public spaces. Malls, with their wealth of food courts, restaurants, cinemas, and play areas, have become the new downtown for a portion of the Lebanese population. They are also considered safe, which is another important factor.In 2015, the percentage of green spaces in Lebanon has decreased to less than 13%. While the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a minimum of 9m2 of green space per capita (UN-HABITAT, 2016), Beirut has only 0.8m2.

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A PIECEWISE GROWTH MODEL FOR MODELING THE ACCUMULATED NUMBER OF COVID-19 CASES IN THE CITY OF CAMPO GRANDE

REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE BIOMETRIA ◽

10.28951/rbb.v39i1.542 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 240

Author(s):

Erlandson Ferreira SARAIVA ◽

Leandro SAUER ◽

Basílio De Bragança PEREIRA ◽

Carlos Alberto de Bragança PEREIRA

Keyword(s):

Growth Model ◽

Health Department ◽

World Health ◽

Mathematical Study ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Technical Report ◽

The World ◽

The Government ◽

Health Organization ◽

The City

In December of 2019, a new coronavirus was discovered in the city of Wuhan, China. The World Health Organization officially named this coronavirus as COVID-19. Since its discovery, the virus has spread rapidly around the world and is currently one of the main health problems, causing an enormous social and economic burden. Due to this, there is a great interest in mathematical models capable of projecting the evolution of the disease in countries, states and/or cities. This interest is mainly due to the fact that the projections may help the government agents in making decisions in relation to the prevention of the disease. By using this argument, the health department of the city (HDC) of Campo Grande asked the UFMS for the development of a mathematical study to project the evolution of the disease in the city. In this paper, we describe a modeling procedure used to fit a piecewise growth model for the accumulated number of cases recorded in the city. From the fitted model, we estimate the date in which the pandemic peak is reached and project the number of patients who will need treatment in intensive care units. Weekly, was sent to HDC a technical report describing the main results.

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Lethal Violence: A Global View on Homicide

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.402 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dietrich Oberwittler

Keyword(s):

Early Modern Period ◽

World Health ◽

Homicide Rates ◽

Welfare Policies ◽

Lethal Violence ◽

State Institutions ◽

The Pacific ◽

Other World ◽

And Gender ◽

Health Organization

As the most serious crime, homicide is both relevant and suitable for cross-national comparisons. The global homicide rate of ca. 6 per 100,000 people is an average of hugely diverging national rates ranging from 0.25 in Singapore to ca. 100 in El Salvador. The validity of global homicide statistics suffers from various differences in definitions as well as reporting and registration processes. Both criminal justice and causes of death statistics are used by the World Health Organization to construct rates, yet these are available only for a minority of countries. An overview on homicide in history and non-state societies shows that violence levels were considerably higher compared to those in today’s developed world and have dropped dramatically in Europe and North America during the early modern period. The rates first increased and then declined between ca.1960 and today in most developed nations in a synchronized manner, hinting at common influences. In recent years, homicide trends have shown a polarizing pattern, with increasing rates in Latin America and decreasing rates in most other world regions, especially East Asia and the Pacific, where rates have fallen below the European average concurrent with rising scores on the Human Development Index. Except in Eastern Europe, the frequency of homicide is strongly linked to the use of firearms, which account for 44% of homicide cases worldwide. Longitudinal studies have produced robust evidence for the pivotal role of deprivation and inequality in fostering lethal violence and of social welfare policies in reducing it. Although the transition to democratic political systems seems to increase homicide rates temporarily, the legitimacy of state institutions and the suppression of corruption are connected to lower homicide rates. Because of conceptual and methodological problems, questions concerning the generalizability of effects across space and time remain. Nevertheless, the research findings are sufficiently robust to draw important conclusions for violence prevention: reductions in poverty and income inequality, investments in welfare policies and gender equality, and improvements in the legitimacy of state institutions will help to bring homicide rates down.

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CORONOVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19. MASKS (literature review)

Clinical Medicine and Pharmacology ◽

10.12737/2409-3750-2021-7-1-24-32 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 24-32

Author(s):

Semen Kireev ◽

I. Popov ◽

A. Ban'kovskiy ◽

E. Litvinenko ◽

E. Surova

Keyword(s):

World Health Organization ◽

Infectious Agent ◽

International Committee ◽

World Health ◽

Vulnerable Communities ◽

Regional Director ◽

The World ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

Health Organization ◽

The City

At the end of 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus infection occurred in the People's Re-public of China with an epicenter in the city of Wuhan (Hubei province). On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization has assigned the official name of the infection caused by the new coronavirus - COVID-19 ("Coronavirus disease2019"). On February 11, 2020, the International Committee on Virus Taxonomy gave the official name to the infectious agent - SARS-CoV-2.Since the end of January 2020, cases of COVID-19 have begun to be registered in many coun-tries of the world, mainly associated with travel to the PRC. At the end of February 2020, the epidemiological situation with COVID-19 in South Korea, Iran and Italy sharply worsened, which subsequently led to a significant increase in the number of cases in other countries of the world associated with travel to these countries, incl. and in Russia. The World Health Organiza-tion announced the COVID-19 pandemic on 11 March 2020, and the pandemic's challenge to the world will remain so as long as people are not immune to it.The Regional Director of the World Health Organization Takeshi Kasai, on the basis of an epidemiological analysis, reports that the spread of coronavirus infection COVID-19 in July-August 2020 occurred mainly among people under 50 years old, and they often did not even know about it, because they had mild or no symptoms. In the future, these people then infect older people who are more difficult to tolerate COVID-19. And we need to redouble our efforts to prevent the spread of the virus in vulnerable communities.

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Hanseníase: formas sociais da doença no Brasil e na Índia

10.31012/978-65-5861-385-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth Parente Costa

Keyword(s):

Social Representations ◽

Field Work ◽

World Health ◽

New Delhi ◽

Medical Texts ◽

The Third ◽

The Social ◽

Leprosy Patients ◽

Health Organization ◽

The City

The research proposes a study of the social representations of leprosy, we seek three times to understand the sense of every society and their dynamics in relation to disease. The first in the city of Sobral/CE, where we carry out research in the years 2008 and 2009; the second moment in the city of Mogi das Cruzes/SP, with a man who has gone through several periods of hospitalization and overcame the stigma through work aimed at manufacture of prosthetic patients amputees; and the third time in New Delhi in India, where we find the largest number of leprosy patients. The places chosen for the field work were selected after repeated bibliographical research, readings of scholarly articles, medical texts and physicians about the disease and mainly with the data of the World Health Organization (WHO) and of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We investigate the sociocultural reality of people afflicted by illness and how these could be with the disease.

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