Antimicrobial Action of Hydroalcoholic Extract from Cymbopogonous citrus Staupf (capim-limão), Rosmarinus officinalis L (alecrim) and Lychnophora ericoides (arnica)

AbstractInfectious diseases are always a concern, since the effectiveness of several antimicrobials in certain situations has decreased due to the microbial resistance developed over the years. Research in the area of antimicrobial drug development has been intensified in recent decades. The objective of this work was to verify in vitro the antimicrobial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of lemongrass, rosemary and arnica. Bacteria used in the test were S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and E.coli. The extracts were obtained from the plants dry leaves in maceration with 70% cereal alcohol for seven days. The total soluble solids concentration of each extract was obtained by gravimetry. The extracts antimicrobial activity was obtained by the pour-plate technique, in which the colonies were counted. Under the conditions in which the tests were performed in the stage of microbial growth was observed with lemongrass and rosemary extracts, and the stage rate was zero. However, S. aureus was sensitive to the arnica hydroalcoholic extract in the concentration of 4.00 mg / mL with inhibition rate of 100%, reducing as the extract concentration was lower. At different concentrations, the arnica hydroalcoholic extract had a low inhibitory capacity for K. pneumoniae and E. coli. The plants antimicrobial activity varies greatly in relation to the botanical characteristics (cultivation, soil, harvest) and the extraction method (solvents of different polarities and techniques), for that reason, there are many varied results in several studies. Therefore, many studies are needed to confirm the antimicrobial efficacy of plant strata. Keywords: Anti-Infective Agents. Phytochemicals. Microbial sensitivity tests. ResumoAs doenças infecciosas são sempre preocupantes, pois a eficácia de vários antimicrobianos em certas situações, diminuiu em função da resistência microbiana, desenvolvida ao longo dos anos. As pesquisas na área de desenvolvimento de fármacos antimicrobianos, intensificaram-se muito nas últimas décadas. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar in vitro a atividade antimicrobiana de extratos hidroalcoólicos de capim-limão, alecrim e arnica. As bactérias utilizadas no teste foram S. aureus, K. pneumoniae e E.coli. Os extratos foram obtidos das folhas secas das plantas, em maceração com álcool cereal a 70%, durante sete dias. A concentração de sólidos solúveis totais de cada extrato foi obtida por gravimetria. A atividade antimicrobiana dos extratos foi obtida pela técnica pour-plate, em que se procedeu a contagem de colônias. Nas condições em que os testes foram realizados não foram observados inibição do crescimento microbiano com os extratos de capim-limão e alecrim, sendo a taxa de inibição zero. Entretanto, o S. aureus mostrou-se sensível ao extrato hidroalcóolico de arnica na concentração de 4,00mg/mL com taxa de inibição de 100%, reduzindo conforme a concentração do extrato era menor. Nas diferentes concentrações, o extrato hidroalcoolico de arnica, apresentou uma baixa capacidade inibitória para a K. pneumoniae e E.coli. A atividade antimicrobiana das plantas varia muito em relação as características botânicas (cultivo, solo, colheita) e ao método de extração (solventes de polaridades diferentes e técnicas), por essa razão, há resultados bem variados nas diversas pesquisas. Assim sendo, muitos estudos são necessários para confirmar a eficácia antimicrobiana dos extratos vegetais. Palavras-chave: Anti-Infecciosos. Compostos Fitoquímicos. Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana.

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Cell Size and Pretransplant Nutritional Conditioning Influences Early Vine Growth and Yield of Transplanted Watermelon

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.4.594e ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (4) ◽

pp. 594e-594

Author(s):

Charles J. Graham

Keyword(s):

Cell Volume ◽

Significant Influence ◽

Field Performance ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Average Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

Research is needed to better understand the influence of cell volume and fertility on watermelon transplant size and field performance in order to determine the most economic production practices. `Jubilee' watermelon transplants were grown using a 4 x 4 factorial experimental design consisting of 4 cell volumes (30.7, 65.5, 147.5, and 349.6 cm3) and 4 fertility rates (0, 1/4, 1/2, and full-strength Hoagland's solution). Transplant shoot dry weight significantly increased as cell volume and fertility increased. Increasing cell volume linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early and total harvest in 1995. The average weight per watermelon significantly increased for early-harvested fruit but not for total harvest as cell volume increased in 1995. Soluble solids concentration linearly increased with increasing cell volume for early and total harvests in 1995. Cell volume had no significant influence on the harvest parameters measured in 1997. In 1995, increasing fertility linearly increased watermelon number/ha and tons/ha for early harvests. Increasing fertility increased the soluble solids concentration linearly for early-harvested watermelons in 1997 but not in 1995. Fertility rate had no significant influence on any of the other harvest parameters measured in 1995 and 1997. The growing conditions and disease pressure in 1997 reduced melons/ha, yield, and soluble solids content when compared to 1995 values. The half-strength Hoagland's solution produced the greatest number of watermelons/ha, tons/ha, and the highest soluble solids concentration in 1995 and 1997. Pretransplant nutritional conditioning had no significant effect on total `Jubilee' watermelon production in Louisiana for 1995 and 1997.

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Antimicrobial activity of Arctium lappa constituents against microorganisms commonly found in endodontic infections

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402005000300004 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 192-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Juliana Vianna Pereira ◽

Débora Cristina Baldoqui Bergamo ◽

José Odair Pereira ◽

Suzelei de Castro França ◽

Rosemeire Cristina Linhares Rodrigues Pietro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Microbial Growth ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Arctium Lappa ◽

Retention Factors ◽

Antimicrobial Substances ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Microbial Inhibition ◽

Endodontic Infections

This study evaluated in vitro the antimicrobial activity of rough extracts from leaves of Arctium lappa and their phases. The following microorganisms, commonly found in the oral cavity, specifically in endodontic infections, were used: Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Candida albicans. The agar-diffusion method allowed detection of the hexanic phase as an inhibitor of microbial growth. Bioautographic assays identified antimicrobial substances in the extract. The results showed the existence, in the rough hexanic phase and in its fractions, of constituents that have retention factors (Rf) in three distinct zones, thereby suggesting the presence of active constituents with chemical structures of different polarities that exhibited specificity against the target microorganisms. It may be concluded that the Arctium lappa constituents exhibited a great microbial inhibition potential against the tested endodontic pathogens.

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Postharvest Application of Chelated and Nonchelated Calcium Dip Treatments to Commercially Grown Honey Dew Melons: Effects on Peel Attributes, Tissue Calcium Concentration, Quality, and Consumer Preference following Storage

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.11.4.561 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 561-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Gene E. Lester ◽

Michael A. Grusak

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Consumer Preference ◽

Storage Life ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Ripe Fruit ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Postharvest Application ◽

Peel Color ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

Commercially grown honey dew fruit [Cucumis melo (Inodorus group)] typically are harvested before abscission because fruit cut unripe have a longer storage life than fully ripe fruit. However, because fully ripe fruit contain higher concentrations of soluble solids (predominantly as sugars), an attribute that increases their preference among consumers, methods are being explored to extend the storage life of fully ripe fruit. In this study, fully abscised honey dew fruit were evaluated for tissue attributes and consumer preference following postharvest dipping in either chelated or nonchelated calcium (Ca) solutions. Calcium sources were an amino acid-chelated Ca, ethylene-diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-chelated Ca, or calcium chloride (CaCl2), with each provided at three different rates. Fruit were evaluated at harvest, and after 14 or 22 days commercial storage. Evaluations were peel surface changes (color and disorders), hypodermal-mesocarp tissue Ca concentration, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration, and consumer preference of the edible flesh. Peel color became yellowed and lighter during storage for all fruit, with higher Ca rates resulting in more intensely yellowed fruit. Hypodermal-mesocarp tissue Ca concentration was 0.90 mg·g-1 of fresh weight (900 ppm) at harvest, and declined in all fruit by 22 days storage. Peel disorders (disease and spotting) were none to slight for all fruit by 14 days storage, but by 22 days storage disease incidence ranged from none to severe, depending on the Ca source and rate. Fruit firmness declined in all fruit throughout storage, with the smallest declines measured in fruit treated with the amino acid-chelated Ca. Soluble solids concentration of fully ripe fruit was 12.3% at harvest, and showed either no decline or slight declines with storage among the treatments. Consumer preference was highest for freshly harvested fruit, but fruit were desirable even after 22 days storage across all treatments. Postharvest application of Ca at ≤0.16 m Ca in an amino acid-chelated form, versus EDTA-chelated Ca or CaCl2, slowed honey dew melon senescence so that after 22 days of commercial and retail storage the fruit were of high marketable quality, and there was no detrimental effect on consumer preference for the edible flesh.

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Prestorage Heat Treatment as a Means of Improving Poststorage Quality of Apples

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.115.2.265 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 265-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Joshua D. Klein ◽

Susan Lurie

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Optimum Temperature ◽

Major Benefit ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

And Storage ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

The benefits conferred by a prestorage heat treatment on poststorage quality of apples (Malus domestics Borkh.) were measured on `Anna', a non-storing early cultivar, and `Granny Smith', a long-storing late cultivar. The major benefit was a decrease in rate of apple softening, both during OC storage and during simulated shelf life at 20C. Soluble solids concentration was not affected by heat treatment, but titratable acidity was reduced. Ethylene production after heat treatment and storage was similar to or higher than that of control apples, but respiration was lower. The optimum temperature and time combination for prestorage treatment of both cultivars was 4 days at 38C.

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Evaluation du potentiel antimicrobien et de la toxicité des extraits de Jatropha multifida Linn, (Euphorbiaceae)

Journal of Applied Biosciences ◽

10.35759/jabs.151.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 151 ◽

pp. 15550-15558

Author(s):

Amégninou Agban ◽

Yao Hoekou ◽

Passimna Pissang ◽

Tchadjobo Tchacondo ◽

Komlan Batawila

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

E Coli ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Jatropha Multifida

Objectif : L’objectif de ce travail était d’évaluer in vitro l’activité antimicrobienne des extraits de feuilles et tige de Jatropha multifida sur la croissance de Candida albicans, Escherichia coli et Staphylococcus aureus, puis d’évaluer in vivo la toxicité de cette plante. Méthodologie et résultats : Les méthodes de diffusion en milieu gélosé et de microdilution en milieu liquide ont été utilisées pour évaluer l’effet antimicrobien. Une étude en subaigüe était réalisée afin d’explorer les effets toxiques de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles. Les résultats des tests antimicrobiens montrent une activité des extraits de feuilles et tige de J. multifida sur la croissance des souches utilisées avec des diamètres de zones d’inhibition allant de 8 à 25 mm et des concentrations minimales inhibitrices (CMI) variant de 0,039 mg/mL à 1,25 mg/mL à l’exception des souches de E. coli qui sont résistantes aux extraits de la tige. L’administration en subaigüe de l’extrait aqueux des feuilles de J. multifida à la dose de 600 mg/kg entraîne une perte significative de poids chez les souris. Conclusion et applications des résultats : Les extraits aqueux, éthanolique et hydroéthanolique des feuilles et tige de J. multifida possèdent d’activité antimicrobienne et pourraient être utilisés dans le traitement des Candidoses à C. albicans et des infections à S. aureus. Mais l’essai de toxicité subaigüe montre que l’extrait aqueux de la plante serait toxique. Des études toxicologiques approfondies restent donc nécessaires sur ces extraits afin de mieux élucider leur inocuité. Mots-clés : Jatropha multifida, extraits de feuilles et de tige, activités antifongique et antibactérienne, toxicité. Agban et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Evaluation du potentiel antimicrobien et de la toxicité des extraits de Jatropha multifida Linn, (Euphorbiaceae) 15551 Evaluation of antimicrobial potential and toxicity of Jatropha multifida Linn, (Euphorbiaceae) extracts ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antimicrobial activity of leaves and stem of Jatropha multifida extracts against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and then to evaluate in vivo the toxicity of this plant. Methodology and Results: The agar well-diffusion and the NCCLS broth microdilution methods were used to assess the antimicrobial effect. A subacute study was carried out to explore the toxic effects of the aqueous extract of the leaves. The results of the antimicrobial tests show an activity of the extracts of leaves and stems of J. multifida on the growth of the strains used with diameters of inhibitory zones ranging from 8 to 25 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) varying from 0.039 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL exception E. coli strains which are resistant to extracts from the stem. Subacute administration of the aqueous extract of the leaves of J. multifida at a dose of 600 mg/kg leads to a significant loss of weight in the mice. Conclusion and application of findings : The aqueous, ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves and stem of J. multifida have antimicrobial activity and could be used in the treatment of Candidiasis and bacterial infections due respectively to C. albicans and S. aureus. But the subacute toxicity test shows that the aqueous extract of the plant would be toxic. Extensive toxicological studies therefore remain necessary on these extracts in order to better elucidate their safety. Keywords: Jatropha multifida extracts of leaves and stem, antifungal and antibacterial activities, toxicity

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Effect of rate and timing of indaziflam on ‘Sunbelt’ and muscadine grape

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2018.117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 380-385

Author(s):

Nicholas T. Basinger ◽

Katherine M. Jennings ◽

David W. Monks ◽

Wayne E. Mitchem

Keyword(s):

Weed Management ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Single Application ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Southern Us ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Muscadine Grape ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

AbstractStudies were conducted at six locations across North Carolina to determine tolerance of ‘Sunbelt’ grape (bunch grape) and muscadine grape (‘Carlos’, ‘Triumph’, ‘Summit’) to indaziflam herbicide. Treatments included indaziflam (0, 50, 73 g ai ha–1) or flumioxazin (213 g ai ha–1) applied alone in April, and sequential applications of indaziflam (36, 50, 73 g ai ha–1) or flumioxazin (213 g ai ha–1) applied in April followed by the same rate applied in June. No crop injury was observed across locations. Muscadine yield was not affected by herbicide treatments. Yield of ‘Sunbelt’ grape increased with sequential applications of indaziflam at 73 g ha–1 when compared to a single application of indaziflam at 50 g ha–1 or flumioxazin at 213 g ha–1 in 2015. Sequential applications of flumioxazin at 213 g ha–1 reduced ‘Sunbelt’ yield compared to a single application of indaziflam at 73 g ha–1 in 2016. Trunk cross-sectional area was unaffected by herbicide treatments. Fruit quality (soluble solids concentration, titratable acidity, and pH) for muscadine and bunch grape was not affected by herbicide treatments. Indaziflam was safe to use at registered rates and could be integrated into weed management programs for southern US vineyards.

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Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity and Molecular Docking of Novel Thiourea Derivatives Tagged with Thiadiazole, Imidazole and Triazine Moieties as Potential DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV Inhibitors

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25122766 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 2766 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Heba E. Hashem ◽

Abd El-Galil E. Amr ◽

Eman S. Nossier ◽

Elsayed A. Elsayed ◽

Eman M. Azmy

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Molecular Docking ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Topoisomerase Iv ◽

Thiourea Derivatives ◽

E Coli ◽

Cytotoxicity Studies ◽

Ic50 Values

To develop new antimicrobial agents, a series of novel thiourea derivatives incorporated with different moieties 2–13 was designed and synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated. Compounds 7a, 7b and 8 exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and the fungal Aspergillus flavus with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.95 ± 0.22 to 3.25 ± 1.00 μg/mL. Furthermore, cytotoxicity studies against MCF-7 cells revealed that compounds 7a and 7b were the most potent with IC50 values of 10.17 ± 0.65 and 11.59 ± 0.59 μM, respectively. On the other hand, the tested compounds were less toxic against normal kidney epithelial cell lines (Vero cells). The in vitro enzyme inhibition assay of 8 displayed excellent inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli DNA B gyrase and moderate one against E. coli Topoisomerase IV (IC50 = 0.33 ± 1.25 and 19.72 ± 1.00 µM, respectively) in comparison with novobiocin (IC50 values 0.28 ± 1.45 and 10.65 ± 1.02 µM, respectively). Finally, the molecular docking was done to position compound 8 into the E. coli DNA B and Topoisomerase IV active pockets to explore the probable binding conformation. In summary, compound 8 may serve as a potential dual E. coli DNA B and Topoisomerase IV inhibitor.

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Screening of Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxic Effects of Two Cladonia Species

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2013-5-604 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (5-6) ◽

pp. 191-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Birkan Açıkgöz ◽

İskender Karaltı ◽

Melike Ersöz ◽

Zeynep M. Coşkun ◽

Gülşah Çobanoğlu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Chloroform Extract ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽

E Coli ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

The present study explores the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effects in culture assays of two fruticose soil lichens, Cladonia rangiformis Hoffm. and Cladonia convoluta (Lamkey) Cout., to contribute to possible pharmacological uses of lichens. In vitro antimicrobial activities of methanol and chloroform extracts against two Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), two Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), and the yeast Candida albicans were examined using the paper disc method and through determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The data showed the presence of antibiotic substances in the chloroform and the methanol extracts of the lichen species. The chloroform extracts exhibited more signifi cant antimicrobial activity than the methanol extracts. However, a higher antifungal activity was noted in the methanol extract of C. rangiformis. The maximum antimicrobial activity was recorded for the chloroform extract of C. convoluta against E. coli. The cytotoxic effects of the lichen extracts on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells were evaluated by the trypan blue assay yielding IC50 values of ca. 173 and 167 μg/ml for the extracts from C. rangiformis and C. convoluta, respectively.

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Effect of Polyolefin Film on the Quality of Kiwifruit with 1-MCP Treatment in Modified Atmosphere Packages

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2769 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 236-238 ◽

pp. 2769-2772 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xi Hong Li ◽

Cheng Jun Wang ◽

Ai Li Wang ◽

Yao Xiao ◽

Yao Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Ascorbic Acid Content ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Modified Atmosphere ◽

Flesh Firmness ◽

Solids Concentration ◽

And Control ◽

Soluble Solids Concentration

Kiwifruit is very perishable especially at 20 °C. The quality of kiwifruit with 1-MCP treatment stored at 20 °C in modified packages was investigated. Three different polyolefin films, including 0.03mm thickness polyethylene (PE), 0.03mm and 0.05mm thickness poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) films, were used as packaging films. Kiwifruit were fumigated with 1-MCP to delay ripeness and then packaged with the three films and control (air). O2 and CO2 concentrations in the packages, flesh firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and ascorbic acid were measured. MAP treatments could postpone the increase of TTS, inhibit the reduction of TA, and avoid the decrease of flesh firmness. Kiwifruit packaged in 0.05mm PVC obtained 33% TA more than control fruit and approximate 25 % retention of initial firmness. However, MAP didn’t maintain more ascorbic acid content of kiwifruit. In conclusion, MAP using polyolefin films combination 1-MCP treatment, especially 0.05mm PVC, might be more effective for preserving the quality of kiwifruit.

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