scholarly journals On being decent. The meaning and axiology of the lexemes przyzwoity ‘decent’ and przyzwoitość ‘decency’ in the history of Polish

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Beata Raszewska-Żurek
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
A Value ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
Original Sense ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diachronic Analysis

This study was inspired by the famous turn of phrase that came from the Polish statesman Władysław Bartoszewski: “It’s good to be decent” (Warto być przyzwoitym). It is frequently quoted in public discourse and invokes decency as a value that is construed intuitively and is difficult to define. The article presents a diachronic analysis of the lexemes przyzwoity ‘decent’ przyzwoitość ‘decency’, and przyzwoicie ‘decently’ since their oldest records until current usage. These lexemes appeared at the beginning of the Middle Polish period but their axiological load was low at that time. The evolution of their meanings – from axiologically neutral to positive – occurred late (in the second half of the 18th c.) and progressed quickly. Their neutral meanings, which were well-documented as late as in the 18th c., disappeared; the lexemes remained in current usage but as axiologically positive ones. Through an analysis of the early contexts an attempt is made to reconstruct of the original sense of decency and to discover its key sense in contemporary Polish.

The Wild Microbiological West

Germ Wars ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Public Discourse ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
High Security ◽  
Original Sense ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

Biological laboratories propagate the idea of biosecurity in its original sense: using technological practices to contain and control microbes. Today, biosecurity is understood broadly as the elimination of vulnerability to biological threats. This chapter describes a debate that tore at the threads of community in Hamilton, Montana, during which residents asserted that the government must protect citizens from the risks created by the first high-security, BSL-4 laboratory to be built since 9/11. In public discourse and eventually in the courtroom, residents demanded that the government assess risk in terms of a newly dangerous world. The 100-year history of the Rocky Mountain Laboratories shows repeated discord between scientists’ faith in technological containment and citizens’ imaginings of their own biological demise.

Analysis of count data in the setting of cervical cancer detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1196-1198
Author(s):  
Christina G Bracamontes ◽  
Thelma Carrillo ◽  
Jane Montealegre ◽  
Leonid Fradkin ◽  
Michele Follen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Language Preference ◽  
A Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Zip Model ◽  
Endocervical Canal

Women with an abnormal Pap smear are often referred to colposcopy, a procedure during which endocervical curettage (ECC) may be performed. ECC is a scraping of the endocervical canal lining. Our goal was to compare the performance of a naïve Poisson (NP) regression model with that of a zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) model when identifying predictors of the number of distress/pain vocalizations made by women undergoing ECC. Data on women seen in the colposcopy clinic at a medical school in El Paso, Texas, were analyzed. The outcome was the number of pain vocalizations made by the patient during ECC. Six dichotomous predictors were evaluated. Initially, NP regression was used to model the data. A high proportion of patients did not make any vocalizations, and hence a ZIP model was also fit and relative rates (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated. AIC was used to identify the best model (NP or ZIP). Of the 210 women, 154 (73.3%) had a value of 0 for the number of ECC vocalizations. NP identified three statistically significant predictors (language preference of the subject, sexual abuse history and length of the colposcopy), while ZIP identified one: history of sexual abuse (yes vs no; adjusted RR=2.70, 95% CI 1.47 to 4.97). ZIP was preferred over NP. ZIP performed better than NP regression. Clinicians and epidemiologists should consider using the ZIP model (or the zero-inflated negative binomial model) for zero-inflated count data.

scholarly journals The influence of associative reward learning on motor inhibition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rebecca Marchner ◽  
Claudia Preuschhof
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Action Control ◽  
Reward Learning ◽  
Behavioural Activation ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
A Value ◽  
Directed Action ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pavlovian Learning ◽  
Subsequent Task

AbstractStimuli that predict a rewarding outcome can cause difficulties to inhibit unfavourable behaviour. Research suggests that this is also the case for stimuli with a history of reward extending these effects on action control to situations, where reward is no longer accessible. We expand this line of research by investigating if previously reward-predictive stimuli promote behavioural activation and impair motor inhibition in a second unrelated task. In two experiments participants were trained to associate colours with a monetary reward or neutral feedback. Afterwards participants performed a cued go/no-go task, where cues appeared in the colours previously associated with feedback during training. In both experiments training resulted in faster responses in rewarded trials providing evidence of a value-driven response bias as long as reward was accessible. However, stimuli with a history of reward did not interfere with goal-directed action and inhibition in a subsequent task after removal of the reward incentives. While the first experiment was not conclusive regarding an impact of reward-associated cues on response inhibition, the second experiment, validated by Bayesian statistics, clearly questioned an effect of reward history on inhibitory control. This stands in contrast to earlier findings suggesting that the effect of reward history on subsequent action control is not as consistent as previously assumed. Our results show that participants are able to overcome influences from Pavlovian learning in a simple inhibition task. We discuss our findings with respect to features of the experimental design which may help or complicate overcoming behavioural biases induced by reward history.

Childhood and Curriculum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Garlen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Curriculum Development ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Western Modernity ◽  
Dominant Ideologies ◽  
History Of

Since the beginning of Western modernity, evolving perceptions of what childhood “should” be have shaped public discourse around what knowledge is of most worth and informed paradigms of curriculum development. Thus, “the child,” the discursive construct that emerges from dominant ideologies about the nature and purpose of childhood, is a critical artifact in understanding contemporary curriculum in the United States. Significantly, “the child” has operated as a key mechanism to reproduce and expand particular logics about who counts as fully human. In this way, curriculum is implicated in social injustices premised on the protection and futurity of “the child.” Tracing the history of conceptions of “the child” as they relate to curriculum development and theory illuminates the ways that childhood and curriculum are intertwined, and illustrates how childhood operates as a malleable social construct that is mobilized for diverse and sometimes contradictory political purposes.

A System for Individualized Dosing of Intravenous Aminophylline Using a Programmable Calculator

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67
Author(s):  
J. Chris Mitsuoka ◽  
Richard J. Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Serum Sample ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Programmable Calculator ◽  
Concentration Determination ◽  
A Value ◽  
Individualized Dosing ◽  
History Of

A program that calculates a value of clearance for an individual patient prior to reaching steady state in the early stages of aminophylline therapy is presented. The program is written for the Texas Instruments TI-59 programmable calculator and may be used with or without the PC-100C printer. The program can provide clinically useful information concerning projected plasma concentrations prior to reaching steady state with an accurate history of the dose administration and serum concentration determination. If the patient has not received xanthene therapy prior to admission, only one serum sample is required. If there has been prior drug exposure, a second serum sample is required. An iterative technique, which would be impractical to use without calculator assistance, is employed to make these determinations.

scholarly journals Kajian Toleransi Dalam Teks Cerita Rakyat Masyarakat Rote di Nusa Tenggara Timur

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-305
Author(s):  
Iswanto Iswanto ◽  
Marsi Bombongan Rantesalu
Keyword(s):  
Text Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
A Value ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Life Behavior ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Abstract: Tolerance as a value is manifested in the life behavior of a group of people. The aim of this study is to analyze and describe tolerance studies based on the folklore of the people of Rote in East Nusa Tenggara. As research conducted by Rantesalu and Iswanto (2018), defines tolerance values based on the stories of the people of the Toraja community, namely the value of acceptability and understanding combined with togetherness and complementary. Another empirical paradigm was obtained from Hofner (2018) which explains the tolerance is influenced by social and political contexts. This research is focused on the specificity of the perception of tolerance that is formed from values based on folklore data. The method used is descriptive qualitative method and enriched with Ricour hermeneutic method in text analysis. The data obtained in the form of a folklore titled Landu, which tells the history of the formation of the Landu community on the island of Rote. The Landu Kingdom is one of the 19 kingdoms on Rote Island in the 14th century. Based on the data obtained the results of research on tolerance values contained in CRMR Landu are (1) This acceptability and understanding as a base the basis of tolerance is explained by the verb diadik loke // hule 'beri // kasih' and (2) the value of brotherhood based on the form of diadik dalek // teik 'rasa // inner', inak // touk 'father // mother '.Keywords: Tolerance, Text, Value Abstrak: Toleransi sebagai sebuah nilai diwujudkan dalam perilaku kehidupan suatu kelompok masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah meganalisa dan mendeskripsikan kajian toleransi berdasarkan cerita rakyat masyarakat Rote di Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sebagaimana penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Rantesalu dan Iswanto (2018), mendefinisikan nilai toleransi berdasarkan ceritera rakyat masyarakat Toraja yang di dalamnya terdapat internalisasi nilai keberterimaan dan kesepahaman (acceptability and understanding). Selanjutnya, nilai-nilai tersebut disejajarkan dengan kebersamaan (togetherness) dan saling melengkapi (complementary). Paradigma empiris lainnya diperoleh dari Hofner (2018) yang menjelaskan toleransi yang ditimbulkan dari konteks politik di Indonesia. Penelitian ini lebih difukuskan pada kekhasan persepsi toleransi yang terbentuk dari nilai berdasarkan data cerita rakyat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif yang diperkaya dengan metode hermeneutik Ricour dalam analisa teks. Data yang diperoleh berupa cerita rakyat berjudul Landu, yang menceritakan sejarah terbentuknya masyarakat Landu di pulau Rote. Kerajaan Landu adalah salah satu kerajaan dari 19 kerajaan di Pulau Rote pada abad ke-14. Berdasarkan data diperoleh hasil penelitian nilai toleransi yang terdapat dalam CRMR Landu adalah (1) Nilai keberterimaan dan kesepahaman (acceptability and understanding) ini sebagai alas dasar toleransi dijelaskan berdasarkan verba diadik loke//hule ‘beri//kasih’ dan (2) nilai persaudaraan (brotherhood) yang berdasarkan pada bentuk diadik dalek//teik ‘rasa//batin’, inak//touk ‘ayah//ibu’. Kata Kunci: Toleransi, Teks, Landu

scholarly journals The Red Gown: Reflections on the Visual History of Menstruation in Scotland

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Mørk Røstvik ◽  
Bee Hughes ◽  
Catherine Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
First Century ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Art Collections ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The Town ◽  
Made In

Over the last decades, menstruation has become more present in public discourse in Scotland.While scholars are increasingly documenting this change, little attention has been paid to therole of menstrual art made in Scotland. In this article, we explore the historic contexts ofmenstrual art in the town of St Andrews and in Scotland during the late twentieth and earlytwenty-first century, and ask what this reveals about menstrual absence and presence in publicdebates. We do this in collaboration with artist Bee Hughes, whose practice focuses on thevisible and invisible aspects of menstruation, and who was artist in residence at St Andrews in2020. Due to a university strike and a pandemic, our collaboration changed and subsequentlyfocused more on the histories of menstrual art. We thus assess symbols and collections ofmenstrual visual culture in Scotland, including the use of the ceremonial red gown at theUniversity of St Andrews, and menstrual art collections at Glasgow Women’s Library and StAndrews Special Collections. Together, we reflect on how their histories might be both present(institutionalised) and absent (when not on display). This paper presents the first stage of ourfindings, in which the artist reflects on their first visit to St Andrews prior to a university strikeand the Covid-19 pandemic, and the historic materials we located together.@font-face{font-family:"Cambria Math";panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:roman;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}@font-face{font-family:Times;panose-1:0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;mso-font-alt:﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽﷽man;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:auto;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536870145 1342185562 0 0 415 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, 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scholarly journals Management of Phantom Limb Pain through Thalamotomy of the Centro-Median Nucleus

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-593
Author(s):  
Ramiro A. Pérez de la Torre ◽  
Job J. Rodríguez Hernández ◽  
Ali Al-Ramadan ◽  
Abeer Gharaibeh
Keyword(s):  
Phantom Limb Pain ◽  
Phantom Limb ◽  
Limb Pain ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Burning Pain ◽  
A Value ◽  
Thoracic Limb ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

Background: Phantom limb syndrome is defined as the perception of intense pain or other sensations that are secondary to a neural lesion in a limb that does not exist. It can be treated using pharmacological and surgical interventions. Most medications are prescribed to improve patients’ lives; however, the response rate is low. In this case report, we present a case of phantom limb syndrome in a 42-year-old female with a history of transradial amputation of the left thoracic limb due to an accidental compression one year before. The patient underwent placement of a deep brain stimulator at the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPM) on the right side and removal secondary to loss of battery. The patient continued to have a burning pain throughout the limb with a sensation of still having the limb, which was subsequently diagnosed as phantom limb syndrome. After a thorough discussion with the patient, a right stereotactic centro-median thalamotomy was offered. An immediate response was reported with a reduction in pain severity on the visual analogue scale (VAS) from a value of 9–10 preoperative to a value of 2 postoperative, with no postoperative complications. Although phantom limb pain is one of the most difficult to treat conditions, centro-median thalamotomy may provide an effective stereotactic treatment procedure with adequate outcomes.

scholarly journals The Life Philosophy of the Banjarese as a Value Education in Learning History

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-136
Author(s):  
Dewicca Fatma Nadilla
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Local History ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Learning History ◽  
A Value ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Education ◽  
Life Philosophy

Banjar people known as nomads and merchants in his life is famous for the principle that formed the character of the Banjar. Through the values contained in the philosophy/life principle of the Banjar people who can then be integrated into the world of education, one of which is historical education. The meaning and value of local wisdom existing in the community has a goal to increase learners to be able to develop their attributes derived from wisdom and local history of society, possessed the skill in understanding the society in the life of the process and possessing the characteristics and attitudes that are in line with the value of local wisdom. Amid the onslaught of technology and practicality of life offered, later emerged an approach that tried to highlight the local wisdom owned by the region, especially South Kalimantan. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to introduce the value of the urban life of Banjar philosophy and its integration in learning history as a form of cultural endurance. The method used in this writing that is with a qualitative approach and data collection is done by library study by collecting the relevant literature with this paper.

scholarly journals Priority values of the French axiological paradigm on the material of the most used French idioms

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
L. V. Shapovalova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Character ◽  
French Language ◽  
A Value ◽  
National Values ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Value Hierarchy ◽  
Broad Understanding

The article examines and analyzes 10 of the 1,500 most commonly used French idioms from the site "Les expressions françaises décortiquées". Phraseological picture of the world plays an important role in cognition of the world around us, because it not only captures its phenomena in the language, but also adds to them connotations, which are manifested in the choice of words of a particular language register. The study of hierarchies of values, recorded in idioms, and ways of their representation allow us to build a value hierarchy in the French mentality and understand the main features of the French national character. We have a broad understanding of phraseology and consider idioms not only idioms, but also phraseological units, proverbs, sayings, winged expressions, speech stamps, because they all name a concept, are reproduced unchanged, and are stable phrases. The phraseological units, taken into the analysis, are allocated on frequency of addresses that allows to define a hierarchy of values in the French phraseological picture of the world. Each of the permanent statements, taken into the analysis, nominates one concept, and the frequency of appeals to them allows not only to understand their priority in the French mentality, but also to outline the features of the French national character. French national values are fixed in the selected phraseological units, and the relation to them is distinguished on the basis of connotations, the register of speech, the present euphemism, and metaphorization. It is interesting to trace the history of the considered phraseological units and lexical units in their structure, ways of entering the French language, numerous hypotheses that explain their meaning. These areas of research and identification of social strata, in which the idioms arose, show where the phenomena denominated by them were the most common, and the hierarchy of values recorded in them, in the French mentality.

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