scholarly journals Pengaruh Sirih (Areca catechu) Sebagai Intelmentika Terhadap Nematode Gastrointesninal Pada Kambing

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Yudha Fahrimal
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Group I ◽  
Areca Catechu ◽  
Nematode Worm

ABSTRACT. The efficacy and effective dose of bettlenut (Areca catechu) powder against gastrointestinal nematode worms was studied. Twenty five local goats at the age of 1 – 1.5 years of age weighing 8 to 12 kg were used in this study. All goat were naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and they all had fecal egg count 3000/gram. The goats were randomly divided into 5 group: group I as a non treated control and group I, II, III, IV, and V were given bettlenut powder 5 gram, 10, 15 and 20 gram, respectively. The nematode worm were identified and grouped into family of Trichostrongylidae (Trichostrongylus sp. and Haemonchus sp.) and strongylidae (Bunostomum sp., Oesophagostomum sp. and Strongylus sp.).  in general, bettlenut powder in all doses is very effective against gastrointestinal nematode worms from both families compare to control group (P   0.01) and no significant different among administered doses (P  0.05). Bettlenut powder in all doses given is vey effective (P 0.01) against Trichostrongylus sp. and Haemonchus sp. from family of Trichostrongylidae. Bettlenut powder in all doses given is also very effective (P 0.01) against Bunostomum sp., Oesophagustomum sp. and effective (P 0.05) against Strongylus sp. from family of Strongylidae. The dose of 5 gram of bettlenut powder per goat is recommended for treating goat invested with gastrointestinal nematode worms because it is saver and can be given more than once.

The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Guava Leaf on Hypercholesterolemia-Diabetes of White Rats Male Induced by High Fat Feed and Streptozotocin

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Joni Tandi ◽  
Franciska Diana Pratiwi ◽  
Surisna Surisna ◽  
Niluh Puspita Dewi ◽  
Magfirah Magfirah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Group I ◽  
Guava Leaf

This study aims to determine the effect of guava leaf extract (Psidiium guajava L) on hypercholesterolemia-diabetes and the effective dose for reducing cholesterol and blood glucose levels. This study is a laboratory experimental study using 30 rats divided into 6 test animals. the treatment group, each group consisted of 5 rats. Group I was normal control, group II negative control was given Na-CMC suspension, group III positive control was given simvastatin group IV dose 150 mg / kg BW, group V dose 250 mg / kg BW and group VI dose 350 mg / kg BW. The results showed that the ethanol extract of guava leaves had an effect on reducing blood glucose levels of male white rats with an effective dose of 250mg / kg BW with an average reduction of 119 mg/dL and effectively reduce cholesterol levels at a dose of 150 mg /kg BW with an average reduction of 28,33 mg/dL.

Evaluation of Parasitological Homeopathic Complex in the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Peripartum Sheep

Homeopathy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 108 (04) ◽  
pp. 248-255
Author(s):  
Poliana Araújo Pacheco ◽  
Michael Nunes Marconato ◽  
Letícia Liepkaln dos Reis ◽  
Luciana Morita Katiki ◽  
Cláudia Cristina Paro de Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
White Cell Count ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
And Control ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Background The appearance of anthelmintic resistance has made it difficult to control verminosis in sheep, leading to increased research to find alternative nematode control. The use of homeopathy in veterinary medicine has been studied as an alternative for the treatment and control of some diseases. In this study, ewes received an anti-parasitic homeopathic complex medicine during the critical peripartum period of increased susceptibility to nematodes. Methods Three randomized groups containing 16 animals each were assigned as follows: ‘H10’ received 10 g homeopathic complex added to concentrated food per day; ‘H20’ received 20 g homeopathic complex added to concentrated food per day; ‘C’ (control group) did not receive a homeopathic complex. Animals were tested to evaluate the effect of homeopathy on several health parameters during a period of 110 days. Results The parasite that prevailed in the copro-cultures of both treatments throughout the experiment was Haemonchus contortus (78.26%). Packed cell volume averages did not present statistically significant differences between the treatments (24.5, 24.4 and 23.9% to C, H10 and H20, respectively; p < 0.05). For total white cell count, lower mean values ( ±  standard error of mean) were observed for the H20 treatment (5,490.9 ± 0.02/µL; p < 0.05), whereas the H10 (5,919.4 ± 0.02/µL) and control (6,098.5 ± 0.02/µL) presented higher and similar averages (p > 0.05). The values for erythrocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes did not show differences between treatments (p > 0.05). Body weight was greater in the H10-treated animals compared with control. For the fecal egg count (FEC) of Trichostrongylidae and Strongyloides spp., respectively, the averages of the H20 treatment (1,523.0 and 30.6) were not different from control (1,616.0 and 31.6) and H10 (1,038.0 and 27.6); for Trichostrongylidae, however, H10 presented a lower FEC than the control (p = 0.02). For Cooperia, H10- and H20-treated animals showed FEC reductions of 97% and 98%, respectively. Conclusions H20 treatment in peripartum sheep resulted in greater body weight and lower leukocyte count. H10 was associated with lower FEC for Trichostrongylidae. Both H10 and H20 justify a label of ‘effective anthelmintic’ for Cooperia.

scholarly journals Predatory viability of the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans on the infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep following storage and refrigeration

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. e154252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ◽  
Paulo Wbiratan Loes da Costa ◽  
Francisca Flávia da Silva ◽  
Hermano Manoel Francisco Figueiredo Bezerra ◽  
Leonardo Vinicius Silva de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Nematophagous Fungus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Animal Group ◽  
Infective Larvae ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Alginate Matrix

The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vivo predatory viability of the nematophagous fungus, Duddingtonia flagrans, after storage (36 months) and refrigeration (2-8 °C). This viability was evaluated using the infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in the Northeastern semi-arid region of Brazil. Sixteen Santa Inês sheep with negative counting of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) were divided into four experimental groups, each group comprised of four animals. The pellets were administered at the dose of 3 g/10 kg of live weight (20% fungal micelyum), and a single administration was performed for each animal. Group I was administered pellets that had been stored for 36 months; Group II, freshly produced pellets; Group III, freshly produced pellets that did not contain fungi; and Group IV, pellets were not administered, and this was the control group. Feces were collected for 5 days, every 24 h for analysis. There was a significant decrease in the number of infective larvae of sheep nematodes that received D. flagrans pellets in a sodium alginate matrix, 82% was observed for Group I and 71% for Group II, compared to the control group. It is therefore concluded that the fungus, D. flagrans, pelleted in sodium alginate matrix after 36 months of storage at 2-8 °C, showed efficacy in reducing the number of infective larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. 

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacy of Barbados Lilac, Pineapple And Benazol® Against Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Cattle

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
MR Amin ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
MA Awal ◽  
ML Sharmin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Total Leukocyte Count ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Control Group

The effect of barbados lilac (Melia azedarach, Linn., @100 mg/kg bwt. ), pineapple (Ananas comosus, Merr., @100mg/kg bwt.) and Benazol® (albendazole, @7.5 mg/kg bwt.) against natural gastrointestinal nematodes were studied in cattle. Their effect of TEC, Hb, PCV, TLC, ALT, AST and body weight were observed. Twenty four (24) naturally parasitized cattle of BAU Dairy Farm, Mymensingh were randomly divided into four groups, each consisting of six (6) cattle. Water extract of leaves of barbados lilac and pineapple were administered orally to the cattle of group A and B, respectively. Cattle of group C were treated with Benazol® orally. Cattle of group D was kept as infected control group. Fecal samples, body weight, hematological and biochemical parameters were examined before treatment and on 3rd, 10th, 17th and 28th day. A significant (p<0.01) reduction of EPG count was found following administration of barbados lilac (39.11-60.07%), pineapple (29.50-45.36%) and Benazol® (62.19-90.44%) in cattle. Whereas EPG increased significantly (p<0.01) in control group throughout the experimental period. After treatment with barbados lilac, pineapple and Benazol®, total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb) content and packed cell volume (PCV) were gradually increased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in cattle. Conversely, the total leukocyte count (TLC) were decreased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in treated cattle. The alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level were not significantly changed in the cattle. The body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in barbados lilac, pineapple and Benazol® treated cattle.In contrast, body weight was decreased in control group. The present study reveals that water extracts of barbados lilac leaves were moderately effective and pineapple leaves were relatively less effective against mixed gastrointestinal nematode infections in cattle.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v19i1.17107 Progress. Agric. 19(1): 51 - 59, 2008 

scholarly journals Effects of neem, betel leaf, devil's tree, jute and turmeric against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Amin ◽  
M Mostofa ◽  
MN Islam ◽  
MA Asgar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Group A

Effects of neem, betel leaf, devil’s tree, jute and turmeric against natural gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep and on some hematological parameters (TEC, Hb and PCV) and body weight were studied. Thirty (30) naturally parasitized sheep were randomly divided into six groups(A, B, C, D, E and F), each consisting of five sheep. Ten percent water extract of leaves of neem, betel leaf, devil’s tree and jute were administered orally to the sheep of group A, B, C and D, respectively. Sheep of group E was treated orally with 10% water extract of rhizome of turmeric. Sheep of group F was kept as infected control group. Fecal samples, hematological parameters and body weight were examined before treatment and on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day. A significant (p<0.01) reduction of EPG count was found following administration of neem (37.60-47.03%), betel leaf (6.43-14.00%), devil’s tree (3.04-11.04%), jute (0.50-5.26%) and turmeric (0.46-8.30) in sheep. The EPG count of the control group (F) were significantly (p<0.01) increased up to the last day of experimental period. After treatment with neem, betel leaf, devil’s tree, jute and turmeric total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb) content and packed cell volume (PCV) were increased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in sheep. The body weight was increased significantly (p<0.01 and p<0.05) in neem, betel leaf, devil’s tree, jute and turmeric treated sheep. On the other hand, body weight was decreased in untreated control group. The present study reveal that 10% water extract of neem was moderately effective and betel leaf, devil’s tree, jute and turmeric were relatively less effective against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Keywords: Neem; Betel leaf; Devil’s tree; Jute; Turmeric; Gastrointestinal nematode DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v8i2.7935 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 8(2): 259-263, 2010  

scholarly journals Water Hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) Ethanolic Extract Anti Platelet Activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 969-978
Author(s):  
Perdina Nursidika
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Vessel ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels. CVDs are responsible for 37% of deaths in Indonesia. Thrombosis is the main factor causing blood vessel clost in CVDs. Blood vessel clots then affect narrowed blood vessel. This causes strokes. The aim of this study is to determine the antithrombotic effect of water hyacinth ethanolic extract, the effective dose, and the potential to become anticoagulant agent. The water hyacinth was extracted by ethanol 96%. The extract was tested on five groups of mice, each group containing five mice. Each group was tested for fourteen days. Group I and II are fed by extract suspension with varied dose 1 mg/BW and 2 mg/BW. Group III is fed by warfarin as standard. Group IV and V are the positive and negative group, the mice were fed by NaCMC. On the 7th and 14th days, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were conducted. The plasma of group 1-IV mixed with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) as inducer, except plasma of group V used for negative control, did not mixed with ADP. Data analysed by ANOVA and LSD to obtain effective dose. The results showed the difference between PTT and aPTT among the tested groups. Group I and II showed prolonged PT which is 22 and 32 seconds respectively. The control positive showed PT 9.48 seconds on day 7th and 8.22 seconds on day 14th. LSD analysis showed that there is the significant difference between positive control and the other groups. It showed platelet aggregation performed due to the addition of ADP as inducer. There was a significant difference between dose 2 and the negative control group, and there is no significant difference of dose 1. In conclusion, water hyacinth has the antithrombotic activity, the effective dose is 1 mg/BW, and it potential to further developed as anticoagulant agent.   Keywords: antiplatelet, cardiovascular diseases, water hyacinth.

scholarly journals Clinical effectiveness of autohemotherapy as an adjuvant in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Holsback ◽  
Camile Sanches Silva ◽  
Petrônio Pinheiro Porto ◽  
Emília Paiva Porto ◽  
Ellen Souza Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Larval Culture ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of autohemotherapy as an adjuvant in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Four experimental groups were formed: G1, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood; G2, 10 animals receiving autologous venous blood and vermifuge containing levamisole; G3, 10 animals receiving only vermifuge containing levamisole; and G4, 10 animals as the control group receiving no treatment. We performed fecal egg count (eggs per gram, EPG) of strongyles, larval culture, hemogram, leukogram, and serum protein dosage prior to the start of treatment (D0), and on days 14 (D14) and 42 (D42). There was a significant decrease in the EPG of the groups receiving levamisole (G2 and G3) from D14 to the end of the experimental period. At the end of the evaluations, the mean EPG of G2 and G3 was significantly lower than that of G1 and G4. The most common nematode genus was Haemonchus (88%), and the least common was Trichostrongylus (1%). The Fecal Egg Count Reduction Test (FECRT) of G2 and G3 on D14 were 98.1% and 97.9%, respectively, however, in G1, the FECRT was zero on the two days when evaluation took place. G1 and G2 showed a significant increase in monocyte counts on D14 and D42. There was a significant increase in hematocrit and hemoglobin values in G2 and G3, however, a significant increase in the absolute value of red blood cells was observed only in G2. Two doses of autohemotherapy at 21-day intervals, administered alone or as an adjuvant to levamisole, is ineffective in controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in naturally infected sheep.

scholarly journals CHRONIC ANTICONVULSANT EFFECT OF GHEE PREPARED WITH HUMBOLDTIA VAHLIANA (ATTUVANCHI BARK) – AN ETHNOMEDICINAL PRACTICE IN KERALA

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
R.Sreelekshmi ◽  
M.S Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Group I

Humboldtia vahliana Wight, Ic.tt belongs to the family Caesalpiniaceae is an unarmed erect small tree, commonly called as Attuvanchi in Malayalam. Stem bark which is used in the treatment of apasmara by tribal healers of Urulanthanni area, Ernakulum district in Kerala, India. Apasmara of Ayurveda aptly comes under the epilepsy of modern literature, especially under tonic-clonic / generalized seizure. Epilepsy (Apasmara) is an electrical disturbance resulting from sudden, recurrent, and disorderly discharge of neurotransmitter in brain cells. The prevalence of epilepsy has been estimated at 5-10 persons per1000. In this study ghee prepared with Humboldtia vahliana (GHV) was tested for chronic anticonvulsant effect by Maximal electro shock seizure test in female wistar albino rats (150-200mg). The experiment was carried out with 5 groups having 6 albino rats per group. ‘Phenytoin’ was given to the standard group. Group I, III, IV, V were given distilled water, vehicle (cow’s ghee), effective dose of GHV, double dose of GHV respectively. Complete abolition or reduction time (in seconds) of hind limb extension is considered as anticonvulsant activity of drug. At the end of experiment effective dose of GHV and double dose of GHV showed significant chronic anticonvulsant action as compared with vehicle and control. Group IV (effective dose) was able to reduce the Time of Tonic Hind Limb extension (THE) by 44.34%with p value 0.007 (compare with control). Group V (double dose) was able to reduce the Time of Tonic Hind Limb extension by 59.53% with p value 0.004 (compared with control). This change was statistically significant at p<0.05.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic approaches for detection of anthelmintic resistant sheep gastrointestinal nematodes from Brazilian northeast

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Vilemar de Araújo-Filho ◽  
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽  
Weibson Paz Pinheiro André ◽  
Géssica Soares Cavalcante ◽  
Jéssica Maria Leite dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Brazilian Northeast

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the anthelmintic resistance (AR) of a sheep gastrointestinal nematode population, named Caucaia, from northeastern Brazil. Phenotypic tests performed were: egg hatch (EHT), larval development (LDT) and fecal egg count reduction (FECRT). Benzimidazoles (BZs) genotypic evaluation was by frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) F200Y, F167Y and E198A, and for levamisole (LEV), by frequency of resistance alleles of Hco-acr-8 gene. The primers were designed specifically for Haemonchus contortus. Effective concentrations 50% (EC50) for BZs (EHT), and for macrocyclic lactones (MLs) and LEV (LDT) were 1.02 µg/mL, 1.81 ng/mL and 0.04 µg/mL, respectively. Resistance ratios for MLs and LEV were 0.91 and 3.07, respectively. FECRT efficacies of BZs, MLs, monepantel (MPTL) and LEV were 52.4; 87.0; 94.5 and 99.6%, respectively. qPCR for BZs demonstrated resistance allele frequencies of 0%, 26.24% and 69.08% for SNPs E198A, F200Y and F167Y, respectively. For LEV, 54.37% of resistance alleles were found. There was agreement between EHT, FECRT and qPCR for BZs, and agreement between LDT and qPCR for LEV. Thus, based on higher sensitivity of qPCR, and phenotypic evaluation, the Caucaia population was considered resistant to BZs, MLs, LEV and suspect for MPTL.

scholarly journals The effect of pumpkin seed cake and ground cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) supplementation on gastrointestinal nematode egg shedding in sheep

Parasite ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Jožica Ježek ◽  
Karmen Mirtič ◽  
Nina Rešetič ◽  
Jaka Jakob Hodnik ◽  
Aleksandra Vergles Rataj
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Seed Cake ◽  
Complementary Method

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed additives (pumpkin seed cake and cloves) on the egg excretion of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep. Thirty ewes naturally infected with GIN were randomly selected from a flock and assigned to the following groups of 10 animals each: clove group (received 1.8 g ground cloves/ewe/day, for 7 days), pumpkin seed cake group (200 g pumpkin seed cake/ewe/day, for 7 days) and control group. Before starting the study, on day 0, and 5 days after the 7-day supplementation, on day 12, the body condition and FAMACHA scores were assessed and individual faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed. The mean body condition and the FAMACHA scores did not change significantly between day 0 and 12 with the exception of a significantly deteriorated FAMACHA score in the clove group. The percentage reduction of FEC was 40.7% on day 12 in the clove group and 52.9% in the pumpkin seed cake group. In the control group, FEC increased by 8.7%. A coproculture of faecal samples from four of the most infected animals on day 0 revealed Trichostrongylus spp. larvae L3 in all four selected ewes, Ostertagia spp. and Cooperia spp. in three and Haemonchus contortus in one ewe. These results are promising and encourage further studies aimed to evaluate the possibility that these plant supplements could be a complementary method for parasite control, thus reducing the need for chemotherapy.

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