scholarly journals Association of COVID-19 and Cancer: Risk Statistics and Management of COVID-19 in Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzar Khan ◽  
Hasnain Jan ◽  
Shah Faisal ◽  
Ayyaz Khan ◽  
Rashida Ilyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Special Cases

COVID-19 is extremely lethal disease and almost 190 countries is suffering from the latest pandemic. The literature indicates that COVID-19 is more prevalent in patients with compromised immune systems. Patients with cancer are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 because of immune compromised condition due to immunosuppressive therapy. Immunotherapy results in mixing or overlap of COVID-19 associated pneumonia and immune-related pneumonitis and thus makes the diagnosis process very confusing. On the other side in this pandemic, treating cancer patients in hospital will bring a lot of risk. There is still no strong evidence on the cancer-COVID-19 connection. Yet, in this pandemic, patients with cancer should be treated as special cases. Risk management is highly needed in the critical time of this pandemic. This review highlights the association between COVID-19 and cancer, also the strategy to minimize the risk of COVID-19 in cancer patients.

Obesity and Cancer: Biological Links and Treatment Implications

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ottaiano ◽  
Chiara De Divitiis ◽  
Monica Capozzi ◽  
Antonio Avallone ◽  
Carmen Pisano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Risk Treatment ◽  
Obesity And Cancer ◽  
Overall Mortality ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

Obesity is an epidemic disease and correlates with cardiovascular diseases increasing the overall mortality. However, it has been recently demonstrated that cancer is an unexpected consequence of obesity. In most of the studies, it is evaluated with body mass index (BMI): high BMI increases cancer risk and reduces survival of many solid tumors. The main biologic and clinic topics regarding obese cancer patients are here presented and discussed. Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin-like Growth Factors (IGFs) are among the most important links between cancer and obesity. However, adipose tissue (AT) also produces sex hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia which in turn promote initiation and progression of tumors. One of the major clinic concern about obese cancer patients is the risk of chemotherapy-related toxicity. Previous studies showed that obese patients do not experience significant increased toxicity compared to non-obese patients. Thus, the increasing incidence and scientific knowledge of obesity should prompt the researchers to study for personalization of therapy in obese patients with cancer rather than for the simple chemotherapy “depotentiation”. It has been demonstrated that weight loss reduces cancer risk and can ameliorate compliance to therapy. Thus, social politics as well as therapies against obesity may impact on cancer risk, treatment and survival.

scholarly journals Métodos para avaliação da sarcopenia em pacientes hospitalizados com câncer do trato gastrointestinal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (35) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
Fabiana Lais de Oliveira ◽  
Rafaely de Fátima Fernandes Almeida Vieira ◽  
Angelica Rocha de Freitas Melhem ◽  
Dalton Luiz Schiessel ◽  
Silvana Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adductor Pollicis Muscle ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Alternative Assessments ◽  
High Prevalence

Introduction: Sarcopenia is characterized by the association of loss of lean mass and functionality, and in cancer patients it is a frequent situation. Thus, the study aims to assess the presence of sarcopenia in hospitalized patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract using alternative assessments to analyse the patient’s strength and functionality. Methods: To assess sarcopenia in cancer patients, the thickness of the adductor pollicis muscle (APM), dynamometry to assess handgrip strength and the Barthel Scale to analyse functionality were collected, associating APM and dynamometer and MAP. with Barthel scale in cancer patients. Results: Twenty patients participated in the study, with moderately malnourished patients showing greater strength in the dynamometer in relation to the well-nourished ones and that obese individuals had greater APM in relation to other nutritional states. Regarding functionality, most patients 80% were classified as independent. Patients with esophageal cancer had MAP inferior to the other locations of the body evaluated, but compared with the dynamometer they presented better results. Conclusions: There was no high prevalence of sarcopenia among patients with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract using the methods used APM, dynamometer and Barthel Scale.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics of four cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihui Song ◽  
Zhiyong Ma ◽  
Tielong Chen ◽  
Liping Deng ◽  
Yongxi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Abstract Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, and rapidly spread throughout China. The virus is highly infectious and can infect individuals in the community, including patients in the hospital. Patients with cancer might be susceptible to the viral infection because of the immunosuppressive state cause by therapies on tumors. Case presentation: We present the clinical features of four cancer patients who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the past month in our hospital. One patient with uncontrolled chronic B cell lymphocytic leukemia and many other underlying diseases was killed by the virus, and the other three patients survived. Nearly all patients showed a decrease in lymphocytes including total CD3+ T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells after infection of the virus. Conclusion: This report suggests that the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients is challenged by the immunosuppressive state of these patients under chemotherapy or surgery.

Treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
I. Pabinger ◽  
C. Ay
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
New Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Potential Use

SummaryCancer is a major and independent risk factor of venous thromboembolism (VTE). In clinical practice, a high number of VTE events occurs in patients with cancer, and treatment of cancerassociated VTE differs in several aspects from treatment of VTE in the general population. However, treatment in cancer patients remains a major challenge, as the risk of recurrence of VTE as well as the risk of major bleeding during anticoagulation is substantially higher in patients with cancer than in those without cancer. In several clinical trials, different anticoagulants and regimens have been investigated for treatment of acute VTE and secondary prophylaxis in cancer patients to prevent recurrence. Based on the results of these trials, anticoagulant therapy with low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) has become the treatment of choice in cancer patients with acute VTE in the initial period and for extended and long-term anticoagulation for 3-6 months. New oral anticoagulants directly inhibiting thrombin or factor Xa, have been developed in the past decade and studied in large phase III clinical trials. Results from currently completed trials are promising and indicate their potential use for treatment of VTE. However, the role of the new oral thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors for VTE treatment in cancer patients still has to be clarified in further studies specifically focusing on cancer-associated VTE. This brief review will summarize the current strategies of initial and long-term VTE treatment in patients with cancer and discuss the potential use of the new oral anticoagulants.

Thrombosis in Cancer Patients Treated with Hematopoietic Growth Factors - A Meta-Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (02) ◽  
pp. 368-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Barbul ◽  
G Finazzi ◽  
A Grassi ◽  
R Marchioli
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Hematopoietic Growth Factors ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cytotoxic Treatment ◽  
Pertinent Data ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Vascular Occlusions

SummaryHematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) are largely used in patients with cancer undergoing cytotoxic treatment to accelerate neutrophil recovery and decrease the incidence of febrile neutropenia. Clinical practice guidelines for their use have been recently established (1), taking into account clinical benefit, but also cost and toxicity. Vascular occlusions have been recently reported among the severe reactions associated with the use of CSFs, in anedoctal case reports (2, 3), consecutive case series (4) and randomized clinical trial (5, 6). However, the role of CSFs in the pathogenesis of thrombotic complications is difficult to ascertain, because pertinent data are scanty and widely distributed over a number of heterogenous investigations. We report here a systematic review of relevant articles, with the aims to estimate the prevalence of thrombosis associated with the use of CSFs and to assess if this rate is significantly higher than that observed in cancer patients not receiving CSFs.

BLOCKADE OF THE SURGE OF PROLACTIN AT PRO-OESTRUS BY ADMINISTRATION OF ANTI-OESTROGENIC SUBSTANCE, MER-25

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Yokoyama ◽  
Hiroshi Tomogane ◽  
Katuaki Ôta
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACT A non-steroidal oestrogen antagonist, MER-25, was administered to cycling rats for elucidating the role of oestrogen in the surge of prolactin observed on the afternoon of pro-oestrus (POe). In animals injected with 20 mg of MER-25 intramuscularly on the afternoon (16.30 h) of the first day of dioestrus (D-1), the surge of prolactin was blocked while the level of prolactin on the afternoon of POe of these animals was significantly higher than that of the corresponding controls injected with oil. Ovulation was also blocked in these animals treated with the drug on the afternoon of D-l. On the other hand, treatment on the morning (10.30 h) of the 2nd day of dioestrus failed to prevent not only the surge of prolactin but also ovulation. These observations provide strong evidence for the view that oestrogen is responsible for the surge of prolactin on the afternoon of POe, and that the surge is accompanied by that of LH.

COVID-19 in patients suffering from Cancer: Review article

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1494-1499
Author(s):  
Shahid Ahmad Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Cancer Review ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Set Up

The episode of Covid19 (CORONA VIRUS) has become one of the greatest worldwide dangers around the world, which has now tainted over 1.7 million individuals with deaths of over 100,000 lives far & wide. Under these extraordinary conditions, there are no entrenched rules for cancer patients. The danger for genuine infection & passing in CORONA VIRUS cases increments with propelling age & existing co-morbid medical issue. After the rise of primary suspects in China during last month of 2019, enormous exploration endeavors have been in progress to comprehend the instruments of infectivity & contagiousness of coronavirus, a lethal infection liable for wretched endurance results. To limit the death rate, it gets judicious to distinguish indications quickly & utilize medicines suitably. Despite the fact that no fix has been set up, different clinical preliminaries are in progress to decide the most ideal system. Overseeing patients with cancer in these conditions is a fair task, considering their weak immune status & their ill health. Through this thorough audit, we talk about the effect of CORONA VIRUS on wellbeing & the immune system of who are infected, assessing the most recent care plan draws near & progressing clinical preliminaries. Also, we talk about difficulties confronted while treating cancer patients & propose possible ways to deal with these weak populace during pandemic.

scholarly journals The trends of complementary alternative medicine use among cancer patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahman Jazieh ◽  
Khadega A. Abuelgasim ◽  
Husam I. Ardah ◽  
Mohammad Alkaiyat ◽  
Omar B. Da’ar
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Complementary Alternative Medicine ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cam Use ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Background The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is common among cancer patients and it may reflect the individual and societal beliefs on cancer therapy. Our study aimed to evaluate the trends of CAM use among patients with cancer between 2006 and 2018. Methods We included 2 Cohorts of patients with cancer who were recruited for Cohort 1 between 2006 and 2008 and for Cohort 2 between 2016 and 2018. The study is a cross-sectional study obtaining demographic and clinical information and inquiring about the types of CAM used, the reasons to use them and the perceived benefits. We compared the changes in the patterns of CAM use and other variables between the two cohorts. Results A total of 1416 patients were included in the study, with 464 patients in Cohort 1 and 952 patients in Cohort 2. Patients in Cohort 2 used less CAM (78.9%) than Cohort 1 (96.8%). Cohort 1 was more likely to use CAM to treat cancer compared to Cohort 2 (84.4% vs. 73%, respectively, p < 0.0001,); while Cohort 2 used CAM for symptom management such as pain control and improving appetite among others. Disclosure of CAM use did not change significantly over time and remains low (31.6% in Cohort 1 and 35.7% for Cohort 2). However, physicians were more likely to express an opposing opinion against CAM use in Cohort 2 compared to Cohort 1 (48.7% vs. 19.1%, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion There is a significant change in CAM use among cancer patients over the decade, which reflects major societal and cultural changes in this population. Further studies and interventions are needed to improve the disclosure to physicians and to improve other aspects of care to these patients.

scholarly journals 798. Metronidazole Exposure Prior to Clostridiodes difficile Infection (CDI) is a Risk Factor for Severe C. difficile Disease in Cancer Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S442-S443
Author(s):  
Denise Marie A Francisco ◽  
Liangliang Zhang ◽  
Ying Jiang ◽  
Adilene Olvera ◽  
Eduardo Yepez Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Study Investigator ◽  
Severity Levels ◽  
Permutation Analysis

Abstract Background Antibiotic use is a risk factor for CDI. Few studies have correlated use of prior antibiotics with CDI severity in cancer patients. This study identified clinical and microbiology risk factors associated with severe CDI in patients with cancer. We hypothesized that previous antibiotic exposure and microbiome composition at time of CDI presentation, are risk factors for severe disease in cancer patients. Methods This non-interventional, prospective, single-center cohort study examined patients with cancer who had their first episode or first recurrence of CDI between Oct 27, 2016 and Jul 1, 2019. C. difficile was identified using nucleic acid amplification testing. Multivariate analysis was used to determine significant clinical risk factors for severe CDI as defined in the 2018 IDSA/SHEA guidelines. Alpha, and beta diversities were calculated to measure the average species diversity and the overall microbial composition. Differential abundance analysis and progressive permutation analysis were used to single out the significant microbial features that differed across CDI severity levels. Results Patient (n=200) demographics show mean age of 60 yrs., 53% female, majority White (76%) and non-Hispanic (85%). Prior 90 day metronidazole use (Odds Ratio OR 4.68 [1.47-14.91] p0.009) was a significant risk factor for severe CDI. Other factors included Horn’s Index &gt; 2 (OR 7.75 [1.05-57.35] p0.045), Leukocytosis (OR 1.29 [1.16-1.43] p&lt; 0.001), Neutropenia (OR 6.01 [1.34-26.89] p0.019) and Serum Creatinine &gt;0.95 mg/dL (OR 25.30 [8.08-79.17] p&lt; 0.001). Overall, there were no significant differences in alpha and beta diversity between severity levels. However, when identifying individual microbial features, the high presence of Bacteroides uniformis, Ruminococceae, Citrobacter koseri and Salmonella were associated with protection from severe CDI (p&lt; 0.05). Table 1 - Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with severe CDI Figure 1. Microbiome features identified by progressive permutation analysis as seen in a volcano plot. Conclusion A number of risk factors for severe CDI were identified among this population, including prior 90 day metronidazole use. Also, increased relative abundance of Bacteroides uniformis, Ruminococceae, Citrobacter koseri and Salmonella were linked to protection from severe CDI. Reducing metronidazole use in patients with cancer may help prevent subsequent severe CDI. Disclosures Adilene Olvera, MPH MLS (ASCP), MERK (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator) Kevin W. Garey, PharmD, MS, FASHP, Merck & Co. (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator) Ryan J. Dillon, MSc, Merck & Co., Inc., (Employee) Engels N. Obi, PhD, Merck & Co. (Employee)

scholarly journals Adverse reactions of targeted therapy in cancer patients: a retrospective study of hospital medical data in China

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruofei Du ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Lixia Ma ◽  
Leon M. Larcher ◽  
Han Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background The adverse reactions (ADRs) of targeted therapy were closely associated with treatment response, clinical outcome, quality of life (QoL) of patients with cancer. However, few studies presented the correlation between ADRs of targeted therapy and treatment effects among cancer patients. This study was to explore the characteristics of ADRs with targeted therapy and the prognosis of cancer patients based on the clinical data. Methods A retrospective secondary data analysis was conducted within an ADR data set including 2703 patients with targeted therapy from three Henan medical centers of China between January 2018 and December 2019. The significance was evaluated with chi-square test between groups with or without ADRs. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression with backward stepwise method were applied to assess the difference of pathological characteristics in patients with cancer. Using the univariate Cox regression method, the actuarial probability of overall survival was performed to compare the clinical outcomes between these two groups. Results A total of 485 patients were enrolled in this study. Of all patients, 61.0% (n = 296) occurred ADRs including skin damage, fatigue, mucosal damage, hypertension and gastrointestinal discomfort as the top 5 complications during the target therapy. And 62.1% of ADRs were mild to moderate, more than half of the ADRs occurred within one month, 68.6% ADRs lasted more than one month. Older patients (P = 0.022) and patients with lower education level (P = 0.036), more than 2 comorbidities (P = 0.021), longer medication time (P = 0.022), drug combination (P = 0.033) and intravenous administration (P = 0.019) were more likely to have ADRs. Those with ADRs were more likely to stop taking (P = 0.000), change (P = 0.000), adjust (P = 0.000), or not take the medicine on time (P = 0.000). The number of patients with recurrence (P = 0.000) and metastasis (P = 0.006) were statistically significant difference between ADRs and non-ADRs group. And the patients were significantly poor prognosis in ADRs groups compared with non-ADRs group. Conclusion The high incidence of ADRs would affect the treatment and prognosis of patients with cancer. We should pay more attention to these ADRs and develop effective management strategies.

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