Study on the Conservation and Restoration of Marine Archaeological Porcelains - A Instructive Case of Traditional Crafts from Yue Kiln

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 3777-3786
Author(s):  
Tao Ma ◽  
Xiaodan Liu ◽  
Haiyan Zhu ◽  
Dan Yang ◽  
Zhijun Pan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Practical Work ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Repair Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Instructive Case ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
And Chemical Properties

It is generally acknowledged that porcelains, among portable antiquities, boast relatively stable physical and chemical properties. However, marine archaeological porcelains are likely to suffer from deterioration such as salting out, attachment and corrosion due to the complicated burial environments. In the course of conservation and restoration, some natural diseases are easily mistaken for production defects. In order to preserve as much historical information about the antiquities as possible during the clean — up process, we systematically examined traditional porcelain production methods used at the Yue kiln, and conducted further research on typical production flaws that can easily be confused with the natural diseases. Based on these traditional methods and compositional characteristics of porcelains, we provide some guidance on the selection of clean —up methods and repair materials used for porcelains. From the perspective of identifiability and ageing resistance, this paper focuses on discussing the restoration scale of porcelains exhibited in museums. Based on our practical work, we discuss some problems that should be noticed in restoration and also provide an outlook for the future practical work and research.

Salting-out and salting-in experiments with lignosulfonates (LSs)

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt O. Myrvold
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Common Ion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Ion Effect ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The solubility of lignosulfonates (LSs) in water is strongly dependent on other ions present in the water phase. The differences in the solubility might strongly influence the measurements of the physical and chemical properties of the LS molecules. A reduced solubility of the LS might also affect its utility in many practical applications. The understanding of the interaction between LSs and various salts is important for both practical and theoretical reasons. Therefore, the effect of salt concentrations on the LS has been investigated for 41 different salts with 14 different cations and 16 different anions. The observations cannot be explained by the common ion effect or the screening effects. On the contrary, it was found that the stability of LS solutions follows the Hofmeister series, with the exception of those ions that will chemically interact with the LS molecule. Moreover, the positions of phosphate (HPO42-) and sulfate (SO42-) ions were reversed.

scholarly journals Review of Research on Template Methods in Preparation of Nanomaterials

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadian Xie ◽  
Duygu Kocaefe ◽  
Chunying Chen ◽  
Yasar Kocaefe
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Soft Template ◽  
Template Method ◽  
Hard Template ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Particle Size And Structure ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The nanomaterials have been widely used in various fields, such as photonics, catalysis, and adsorption, because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Therefore, their production methods are of utmost importance. Compared with traditional synthetic methods, the template method can effectively control the morphology, particle size, and structure during the preparation of nanomaterials, which is an effective method for their synthesis. The key for the template method is to choose different templates, which are divided into hard template and soft template according to their different structures. In this paper, the effects of different types of templates on the morphology of nanomaterials during their preparation are investigated from two aspects: hard template and soft template, combined with the mechanism of action.

METHODS TO FIND COORDINATES OF OIL WELLS – CONTAMINATORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Ya. M. Semchuk ◽  
H. D. Lialiuk-Viter ◽  
G. M. Kryvenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Oil Wells ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Natural Flow ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
And Chemical Properties

We have analyzed methods that are used to locate oil wells which pollute subsurface water. The main method to find coordinates is to run indicators in a well. It has been found out that a substance which would be absent in natural water should be selected among the range of chemical indicators. The selection of certain dyes is determined by physical and chemical properties of aquifers in order to eliminate sorption and dispersion processes. Two types of field research are recommended. The first scheme involves putting of the indicator into the well under conditions of natural flow, and the second scheme is the injection of substance into the well. The article points out the drawbacks of this method. It has also examined hydro chemical method to determine the coordinates which is based on the chemical analysis of samples taken from wells. We have also analyzed the method which uses hydrodynamic research to determine sources of contamination of aquifers. That is to disturb static equilibrium in the aquifer by intensive sample taking from the well which is the contamination source.

Comprehensive Review on pH and Nutrients Detection Sensitive Materials and Methods for Agriculture Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 663-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Akshaya Kumar ◽  
S. K. Naveen Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This review article elaborates the pH and nutrients detection sensitive materials and methods along with their principle of operations, merits, demerits, and application area. The sensitive materials used in the sensors react with the analytes and shows variation in electrical, physical, chemical, biological and optical parameters. The glass probe method, optical light spectroscopy, ion-selective electrodes, ion-selective field effective transistors, electrochemical interdigitated conductimetric method and microcantilever methods are the predominant techniques to detect the pH and nutrients in various medium. Most of the researchers have discussed the fabrication of pH and nutrients sensors individually in various applications, but very few numbers of sensitive materials and techniques discussed to detect the pH and nutrients in the soil. There is a strong relationship between pH and nutrients in the soil based on a number of important physical and chemical properties of the soil. We are strongly recommending that soil pH and nutrients measuring sensors can develop through the combinational approach of pH and nutrients with the help of nanostructured materials, seems to be more effective for agriculture applications.

scholarly journals Comparative Microstructural Study on Mechanical Properties of Concrete Enhanced with Graphite and Graphene Compound

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.5) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
P. Sudheer ◽  
Dr S. Chandramouli
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Microstructural Investigation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The present study is based on nano technology and came up with the idea of introducing nanoparticles in the raw materials used for construction. Nano materials are available in three principal shapes 0, 1 and 2 Dimensional nanoparticles. 0D and 1D nanofibers are such as carbon nanotubes and nanosilica compounds. This study has investigated the physical and chemical properties of graphite and graphene compound and its applicability in construction industry.  Graphene has created interest as it is believed to improve the strength of concrete allowing the possibility of controlling properties of concrete. In this work graphene is used as a reinforcing additive in cement-based mortar and concrete. Own Graphene compound is prepared using conventional graphite and concentrated hydrogen peroxide in the laboratory due to the unavailability of graphene. As a part of microstructural investigation, SEM and EDS analysis on graphite and graphene compounds before and after implementation are carried out in the laboratory. Then the two compounds are replaced as a part of small percentage in cement mortar cubes casted for various proportions. The mechanical properties of cement-based composites are studied after incorporating of graphite and graphene compounds at low dosages in concrete and then the results are compared. 

scholarly journals Review on Silver Nanoparticles as a Novel Class of Antibacterial Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1120
Author(s):  
Corina Michaela Crisan ◽  
Teodora Mocan ◽  
Meda Manolea ◽  
Lavinia Iulia Lasca ◽  
Flaviu-Alexandru Tăbăran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficiency ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Nanomaterials represent a promising novel class of materials to be used as antibacterial solutions. Inhomogeneity of synthesis and characterization methods, as well as resulting variate physical and chemical properties make selection of proper nanostructure difficult when designing antimicrobial experiments. Present study focuses on the already existing evidence regarding silver nanoparticles and their antibacterial applications, with focus on various modulatory factors of reported antimicrobial efficiency. Present paper focuses on synthesis and characterization methods, factors modulating antibacterial efficiency, laboratory quantification procedures, as well as up–to-date knowledge on mechanisms of antibacterial action for silver nanoparticles. Moreover, challenges and future prospects for antimicrobial applications of silver nanoparticles are reviewed and discussed.

Electrochemical Behavior of Materials Used in Dental Implantological Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 227 ◽  
pp. 447-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ziębowicz ◽  
Bogusław Ziębowicz ◽  
Bohdan Bączkowski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Favorable physical and chemical properties of titanium led to its use in the medical and dental specialties such as: orthodontics, prosthodontics, dental implantology and dental surgery. Estimating the biocompatibility of the material, determine the risks and benefits with its use is a complex process. In dental implantology, the attachment of a dissimilar metal abutment (Ti6Al4V) to an implant (commercially pure Ti) forms a galvanic couple in the mouth; they are placed in physical contact in an electrically conductive mediums – body fluids.

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