scholarly journals Woman’s entrepreneurship – female participation in loss-making SMEs

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58
Author(s):  
Tatjana Janovac ◽  
Verica Jovanović ◽  
Pavle Radanov ◽  
Saša Virijević Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Business Failures ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

The paper explores the ownership structure of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which fell into a debt crisis due to business failures, in order to indicate the differences between male and female entrepreneurs. We conducted the empirical research on a sample of 186 small and medium-sized loss-making enterprises in the Republic of Serbia. The results obtained by descriptive statistical analysis of the observed sampleshow that the participation of female companies among loss-making enterprises is considerably low. The ratio of companies owned by women and those owned by men was 18.8%: 81.2%. Furthermore, we have recorded a significant difference in the amounts of debt, indicating that female companies have significantly lower debt rates when compared to those owned by men. The findings of this research can be applied as a strategic framework for policymakers to encourage female entrepreneurship.

scholarly journals Ownership Structure of the Organisation as a Determinant of Human Resource Management in the Context of Transition Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Zolak Poljašević ◽  
Gordana Ilić ◽  
Darko Milunović
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Transition Countries ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Republic

Transition period of the post-socialist countries and opening of their markets have led to the positive shift in understanding the role of employees in organizations and the importance of proper management of this specific resource. An important factor in spreading modern principles of human resource management in transition countries is the arrival of foreign companies on their market. In that context, this paper focuses on the relationship between the ownership structure of the organisation and the level of development of the core activities of human resource management. The subject of the empirical research was companies which operate on the territory of the Republic of Srpska, and employ more than 200 employees. Empirical data were collected by using questionnaire, and some of them were generated from the official websites of the observed companies. Testing of hypothesis was performed with the Analysis of Variance. The research results show that in the foreign-ownedcompanies there is a statistically significant difference in the level of development ofhuman resources management, compared to the state-owned and national privatecompanies. On the other hand, among foreign-owned companies, which differ in thecountry of origin of the majority owner and the number of years in business in thedomestic (BiH/RS) market, there is no statistically significant difference in the levelof development of basic activities of human resource management.

Risk-Taking Patterns of Male and Female Entrepreneurs in Roodepoort

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay K. Garg ◽  
A. Duvenhage
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Performance Perceptions

This study analyses the risk-taking propensity of male and female entrepreneurs. Primary data were collected from a sample of 400 randomly selected from among the small and medium scale entrepreneurs in Roodepoort and two structured questionnaires were used. The results showed the existence of differences among male and female entrepreneurs’ risk-taking perceptions. However, no significant differences in the mean scores between males and females in the financial and social domains of risk taking perception were found. The results further indicate that there is a significant difference in the means of the entrepreneurs with regard to their overall risk-taking perception in the ethical domain of risk-taking perception, health and safety risk-taking perception, recreational risk-taking perception as well as their business performance perceptions. The study also suggests that there is no correlation between business performance and risk-taking in entrepreneurs. The study highlights that there is no evidence to suggest that risk-taking in different genders plays a role as an indicator in business performance.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy and Intention: Saudi Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Adlah A. Alessa
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

The objective of this study has been to compare motivation, intention, fear of failure and self-efficacy in starting business ventures in Saudi Arabia. Inductive content analysis is used to identify the similarities and differences between two cites and groups of people in Saudi Arabia; both male and female entrepreneurs and those who have already established a business. Furthermore, the paper draws on data gathered from eight interviews in the cities of Riyadh and Jeddah. Four of these interviews were conducted with male entrepreneurs and the remaining four were with female entrepreneurs. A description and analysis of each entrepreneur was developed individually including short observations on the interviewees; noting movements and body language. We found the motivation for being one’s own boss is greater in Riyadh than in Jeddah (p=0.024) whereas self-efficacy is greater in Jeddah yet this difference is not significant. Regarding intention, no significant difference was found between region and gender. Finally, both regions consider fear of failure to be predictable. The study presents important contributions to theorists and practitioners in entrepreneurial activities in Saudi Arabia. Our research has contributed to the study in entrepreneurial motivation, intention, role of management, and role of culture of male and female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia hence providing more knowledge and information towards the behavior of Saudi entrepreneurs. 

Gender Comparison of Medical Student Microsurgical Skills in a Laboratory Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowena Sudario-Lumague ◽  
Yuan-Cheng Chiang ◽  
Tsan-Shiun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Comparison ◽  
Standard Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Numeric Scale

Background Perceived gender-related differences in surgical skills could limit opportunities available for any aspiring surgeon. There should be more available literature and logical analysis of these observations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the microsurgical skills of male and female medical students using a standard scale in the laboratory. Methods This study included medical students enrolled in the Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital from 2002 to 2015 who were evaluated by a senior consultant for their microsurgical skills. A standard numeric scale was used to evaluate their suturing technique after basic microsurgical training. Differences in the scores between male and female medical students were evaluated using statistical analysis. Results A total of 578 medical students were included in the study. There were 393 males (68%) and 185 females (32%). Using statistical analysis, there is no significant difference in the distribution of scores (p-Value = 0.78) and mean scores (p-Value = 0.75) between the two groups. Conclusions This study shows that microsurgical skills of male and female medical students are similar. Equal opportunities in the eventual pursuit of the surgical specialties should be available regardless of gender.

scholarly journals RESILIENCE AND ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT: A QUALITATIVE INVESTIGATION OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INDONESIAN WOMEN

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER M. I. LOH ◽  
RAYINI DAHESIHSARI
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Women Empowerment ◽  
Female Entrepreneurship ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Business Failures ◽  
Depth Interviews

The development of female entrepreneurs in Indonesia is an integral part of Muslim women's economic contributions and empowerment. However, there is a lack of reliable research about female entrepreneurship and how gender may affect the experiences of business ownership in Indonesia. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the challenges encountered by these women entrepreneurs on a daily basis. Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 female Indonesian entrepreneurs. Participants were recruited using theoretical and maximum variation sampling techniques. Content analysis was then used to analyze the data. Results revealed high levels of variations, both within and between women, suggesting that the quality of business entrepreneurship and success depended largely on the personal characteristics of these women, rather than on any system of formal education or training. This study also found that many women displayed resilient coping strategies when dealing with business failures. As a consequence, they were able to thrive despite restrictive social, cultural and political constraints. The paper highlights the importance of the experiences of female entrepreneurs in a developing country and the need to integrate the development of female entrepreneurship as a part of women empowerment effort.

scholarly journals Effects of Gender on Leadership, Entrepreneurial Orientation and Organisational Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fadhly Arham ◽  
Nor Sabrena Norizan ◽  
Nurliza Haslin Muslim ◽  
Azwin Aksan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females

There are two streams of literature regarding relationship between gender and various organisational outcomes and variables affecting performance. Some scholars have found that there are significant differences between males and females regarding their leadership behaviours, entrepreneurial orientation and how organisations perform. Thus, the focus, development and assistance provided to male and female entrepreneurs are different. However, findings also indicated that there is no significant difference between genders. In this study, data were taken from 395 respondents representing either the owners or top managers of various SMEs organisations operating within the manufacturing and services sector in Malaysia. Within the context of SMEs in Malaysia, the result failed to recognise any significant differences between male and female respondents with regards to their leadership behaviours, entrepreneurial orientation and organisational performance. Male and female owners and top managers of SMEs in Malaysia were perceived to be the same in their leadership orientation, entrepreneurial approach and outcomes for organisations. The novelty of this research lies in its attempt to explore gender differences of leaders of SMEs in Malaysia.

scholarly journals Researching the local community's satisfaction with the manifestation, International Carnival of Vrnjci

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-130
Author(s):  
Nataša Đorđević ◽  
Milena Podovac ◽  
Snežana Milićević
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

The International Carnival of Vrnjci is a manifestation that has been organized for 15 years in Vrnjačka Banja. As a manifestation that gathers a large number of tourists and visitors, besides its positive impacts, attention should be paid to the level of satisfaction of the local population in Vrnjačka Banja with this manifestation, which is the aim of this paper. In addition, the paper examines the existence of a statistically significant difference in the level of local population's satisfaction with this manifestation depending on their different socio-demographic characteristics. A survey method was applied to a sample of 300 respondents. Descriptive statistical analysis, independent sample t-test and one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to process the collected responses. The results of the research showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the level of satisfaction with the Carnival of Vrnjci between respondents of different gender, as well as that the level of satisfaction of the respondents influenced by professional status, length of residence in Vrnjacka Banja and the connection between the respondent's job and tourism.

scholarly journals PERBEDAAN KECENDERUNGAN ADIKSI GADGET SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN

Psycho Idea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Rizky Arnani ◽  
Fatiya Halum Husna
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
School Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Significant Difference

This study examines whether there are differences in the tendency of gadget addiction in terms of gender in elementary school students. The research subjects were 60 elementary school students grade 4,5 and 6 who were selected using purposive sampling. . The data analysis technique used is independent sample t-test. Statistical analysis result with independent samples t-test showed that there was significant difference in the tendency of gadget addiction in terms of the sex of male and female students (t = 3,229, p = 0.002, p <0.05). This shows that the research hypothesis is accepted which means that there are differences in the tendency of gadget addiction in terms of gender. Men have an average tendency of gadget addiction tendencies that is higher at 51.53 compared to female students at 47.62.

scholarly journals Self-repair as a norm-related strategy in simultaneous interpreting and its implications for gendered approaches to interpreting

Target ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Magnifico ◽  
Bart Defrancq
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Use Of Self ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Norm Compliance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Self Repair ◽  
Gender Influences ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper analyses a possible gendered manifestation of norms in interpreting. It focuses on the use of self-repair, a textual expression of the norm, by male and female interpreters. Two research questions are examined: (1) whether the extent to which self-repairs occur in interpreting is gendered and (2) whether gender influences the way in which the output is repaired using editing terms. Considering the literature on gender and norm-compliance, female interpreters are expected to produce more self-repairs and editing terms than male interpreters. The research is based on the 2008 subcorpus of EPICG with French source speeches and their English and Dutch interpretations. The interpreters’ self-repairs were manually identified and statistically compared. Regarding the first question, it appears that gender influences the use of self-repairs in interpreting. As for the second one, statistical analysis reveals language-based patterns: in the English booth, women use significantly more editing terms than men. The French/Dutch subcorpus yields no significant difference. However, women seem to also use apologies as editing terms.

scholarly journals Marital Adjustment among Love Marriage and Arranged Marriage Couples

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Shoaib Mir ◽  
Mohammad Amin Wani ◽  
Dr. R. Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Arranged Marriage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Love Marriage ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of the present study is to determine the level of marital adjustment among love marriage and arrange marriage couples. This study is based on sample of 200 subjects equally divided into two groups on the basis of gender (male and female) further these two groups were also divided into two more groups on the basis of family type (single family and joint family). Marital Adjustment Questionnaire (MAQ) constructed and standardized by Dr. Pramod Kumar & Dr. Kanchana Rohatgi was used for data collection. Mean, standard deviation and t-test were applied for statistical analysis. Results reveal that there is no significant difference between the mean scores of marital adjustment among love marriage and arranged marriage subjects.

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