Mother's hand tool as a skin-to-skin contact simulation instrument decreases pain levels in newborns

BACKGROUNDSensory stimulation activates the gate control mechanism, raises the level of beta endorphins, and the secretion of beta endorphins increases the pain threshold, reducing or eliminating the feeling of pain. It has been reported that skin-to-skin contact or sensual stimulation reduces stress, pain and crying time in newborns. The present study aimed to examine the effect of the mother’s hand tool (MHT) - developed by the researchers for three purposes: touch, positioning and vibration - on pain levels in newborns. METHODSA quasi-experimental study was conducted involving 52 newborns aged 0-15 days who were being treated in the neonatal intensive care unit. The MHT was applied to support the newborn and was applied 8 times in 24 hours for 3 minutes in total. Demographic data collection form (DDCF), neonatal evaluation form (NEF) to assess the respiratory rate, pulse rate, SPO2 and CO2 level, and neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS) were used to collect data. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to analyse the data. A p value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTSAfter the MHT application, it was revealed that there was a significant difference in pulse rate (p=0.000), SPO2 level (p=0.029), CO2 level (p=0.000) and NIPS pain scores (hour 6,9,12,15,18, and 24) and total NIPS (p=0.000) pain scores, before and after MHT practice. CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that MHT application to the newborns had a decreasing effect on pain level, heart rate, CO2 level, and an increasing effect on SPO2 level.

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Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Kangaroo Mother Care among Husbands of Primigravida Mother

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i47a33043 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 532-539

Author(s):

Suwarna Ghugare ◽

Tessy Sebastian ◽

Manjusha Gulabrao Mahakalkar ◽

Darshana Durgadass Wankhede

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Education Programme ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Kangaroo Mother Care ◽

P Value ◽

Early Care ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Skin To Skin

Kangaroo care is a practise that allows moms and fathers to have direct skin-to-skin contact with their infants. It has been demonstrated to promote the mother's mental health, strengthen mother-infant connection, and increase maternal lactation. Many studies feel that returning to the original paradigm of infant-mother early care, rather than our current incubator, bottle, and formula-feeding model, will result in happier and healthier newborns [1]. Objective: 1) To determine whether primigravida women' spouses have any awareness of kangaroo mother care. 2) To assess the efficiency of a planned education programme on kangaroo mother care among primigravida moms' husbands.3) To see if there's a link between post-test knowledge scores on kangaroo mother care among primigravida moms' spouses and certain demographic variables. Methodology: A total of 60 people took part in the research. Husbands of primigravida women from various hospitals will be used as study subjects. Results: There is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores when measuring effective planned training on knowledge about kangaroo mother care among husbands. The pretest has a mean of 8.18, while the posttest has a mean of 16.30, and the pretest has a standard deviation of 2.855, while the posttest has a standard deviation of 1.710. The t-value is 18.57, and the p-value is 0.000. Conclusion: As a result, the planned education on knowledge about kangaroo mother care among primigravida moms' husband is statistically interpreted. The research hypothesis was accepted in this study, while the null hypothesis was denied.

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PENGARUH SKIN TO SKIN CONTACT (PMK) TERHADAP PENURUNAN SUHU TUBUH PADA BAYI DEMAM

Jurnal Perawat Indonesia ◽

10.32584/jpi.v3i1.268 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 79

Author(s):

Heni Purwaningsih ◽

Widuri Widuri

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

P Value ◽

Temperature Decrease ◽

Control Center ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Skin To Skin

Demam merupakan suatu keadaan suhu tubuh diatas normal sebagai akibat peningkatan pusat pengatur suhu di hipothalamus. Cara yang dapat menurunkan suhu tubuh adalah dengan menggunakan metode kontak kulit ibu dan kulit bayi (Skin to Skin Contact). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh skin to skin contact (PMK) terhadap penurunan suhu tubuh pada bayi demam di Rumah Sakit Ken Saras Kabupaten Semarang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Quasi Experimental dengan pre-post test dalam satu kelompok (One-Group Pre-test-posttest Design). Populasi adalah rata-rata jumlah bayi yang mengalami demam perbulan di Rumah Sakit Ken Saras selama tahun 2016 sebanyak 87 anak. Sampel 14 orang yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan termometer digital axila. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan secara bermakna suhu tubuh pada bayi demam sesudah dilakukan skin to skin contact (PMK) dengan p value 0,000 < α (0,05). Perawat dapat memberikan intervensi skin to skin contact (PMK) sebagai salah satu intervensi keperawatan nonfarmakologis dalam penatalaksanaan bayi demam. Kata kunci: Bayi demam, skin to skin contact, perawatan metode kanguru Abstract The Effects of Skin to Skin Contact (PMK) on Body Temperature Decrease in Infants with Fever. Fever is a body temperature above normal circumstances as a result of increased temperature control center in the hypothalamus. One of the ways that can reduce body temperature is using skin to skin method of mother and baby’s skin (Skin to Skin Contact). The purpose of this research is to analyze the effects of skin to skin contact (pmk) on body temperature decrease in infants with fever at Ken Saras Hospital of Semarang Regency. The type of this research was Quasi Experimental with pre-post test in one group (One-Group Pre-test-posttest Design). The population was all the average number of infants with fever per month at Ken Saras Hospital during 2017 as many as 38 patients. 14 samples were taken by purposive sampling. The collecting data tool used a axilla digital thermometer. The research results showed that there is a significant difference of body temperature in infants with fever after skin to skin contact (PMK) with p value 0,000 <α (0,05). Nurses can provide skin to skin contact (PMK) interventions as one of the nonpharmacological nursing interventions in the management of infants with fever. Keywords : Infants with fever, skin to skin contact, kangaroo care method

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Time to viral load suppression and its associated factors in cohort of patients taking antiretroviral treatment in East Shewa Zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia, 2018

10.21203/rs.2.11467/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jemal H Ali

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Marital Status ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Plasma Viral Load ◽

Baseline Viral Load ◽

Rank Test ◽

P Value ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Age Group ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Human immuno-deficiency virus is a virus that causes Acquired Immuno- Deficiency Syndrome. The key goal of ART is to achieve and maintain durable viral suppression. Thus, the most important use of the viral load is to monitor the effectiveness of therapy after initiation of ART. The main objective of the study was to determine the time for virological suppression and its associated factors among people living with HIV taking antiretroviral treatments in East shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted in East Shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia from August 2017 to January 2018. Patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus presenting to the study health centers between October 3, 2011 and March 1, 2013 were included in the study given the following criteria: age 18 years or greater, eligible to start ART. All patients with baseline viral load measurement were included in the study. Interaction between explanatory variables with the response variable was analyzed by using cross tab features of SPSS, IBM Inc. Significance group comparison was done by Kaplan Meier log rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was used to select significant factors to the variability between groups. Data was collected by using structured questionnaires and interview. A total of ETB 81,120.00 was utilized to carry out the study. Result: plasma viral load was suppressed below detection level in 72% of individuals taking different regimen of ART. The median HIV-1 plasma viral load in the cohort was log 5.3111 copies/ml. Survival curve difference were observed in category of marital status (p-value 0.023) and baseline CD4 values (p-value 0.023) whereas no significant difference were observed in Educational status (p-value 0.404), MUAC (p- value 0.407) BMI(p-value 0.335) and BTB(p-value 0.257). Estimated median time to PVL suppression was 181days (CI: 140.5-221.4) with the age group of 30-39years having minimum time to achieve suppression with 92 days (CI: 60.1-123.8) and the maximum time required to reach the level was age group between 50-59 years. Conclusion: Estimated time to achieve PVL after taking ART was found to be 181 days. Factors affecting time to suppression level was marital status and baseline CD4.

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Effect of Application Time of Two Different Disinfectants on the Surface Roughness of an Elastomeric Impression Material

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2020/44752.13828 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tahir Karaman ◽

Faruk Oztekin ◽

Samet Tekin

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Rank Test ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Application Time ◽

Impression Material ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction: Pathogens, such as cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and human immunodeficiency virus are transmitted, threatening the health of dental laboratory workers, especially as a result of saliva and blood contact of patients. To prevent cross-infection, impression materials should be disinfected at the end of the impression process in the mouth. Aim: To study the effect of application time of sodium hypochlorite and quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant solution on the surface roughness of an elastomeric impression material. Materials and Methods: In this in-vitro study done during March 2020, 10 disc-shaped samples were used in each group, with a total of 110 samples obtained from a light body elastomeric impression material with dimensions of 15×3 mm. The samples were kept in a sodium hypochlorite solution (Wizard; Rehber Kimya, Istanbul, Turkey) at concentrations of 1% and 5% for 1, 5, 10, and 30 minutes and in a quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant (Zeta 7 Solution, Zhermack SpA, Italy) for 10 and 30 minutes. Surface roughness measurements were taken with a profilometer device. The data obtained were statistically analysed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Wilcoxon signed rank test for dependent/paired groups for the continuous data. The significance level was set to α=0.05. Results: A statistically significant difference was found between the control group and the 1% sodium hypochlorite (30 min p-value 0.037), and 5% sodium hypochlorite (30 min p-value 0.017). The statistical evaluation of the surface roughness of the samples with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and the same times was done and found statistically significant at 30 mins, p-value 0.021. Conclusion: The prolonged application of the sodium hypochlorite disinfectant at 1% and 5% concentrations caused a significant increase in the light body elastomeric impression material’s surface roughness

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Postural Changes in Measures of Arterial Stiffness in Hypertensive Subjects on Antihypertensive Drug Therapy: A Prospective, Pilot Study

International Journal of Angiology ◽

10.1055/s-0036-1572416 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 26 (02) ◽

pp. 078-082

Author(s):

Du Jun ◽

Chin Cheong ◽

Ashish Sule

Keyword(s):

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Supine Position ◽

Enzyme Inhibitor ◽

Antihypertensive Drug Therapy ◽

Rank Test ◽

P Value ◽

Sitting Position ◽

Antihypertensive Medications ◽

Postural Changes ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractProspective study with a controlled arm to know if there are variations of measures of arterial stiffness with posture in subjects with hypertension on antihypertensive medications.We studied postural variations of measures of arterial stiffness in 21 subjects with diagnosed hypertension on antihypertensive medications and compared them with 21 normotensive subjects. All subjects underwent pulse-wave analysis on SphygmoCor in the morning between 8 am to 10 am initially in supine and then in sitting position after 3 minutes. Summary measures on demographics, and blood pressure characteristics at sitting and supine positions are obtained. Differences between characteristics at supine and sitting position are compared using nonparametric paired test of Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A value of p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.Antihypertensive medications decreased the supine aortic augmentation pressure (AAP) and augmentation index (AI) but not significantly. When subgroups of patients with antihypertensive treatment were analyzed, it was noted that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker group (12) decreased AAP and AI significantly in supine position compared with patients on other antihypertensive medications (9) (p-value 0.034 and 0.038, respectively). There was no significant difference in other groups of calcium channel blockers, β-blockers, or diuretics. However, in normotensive control arm, there was an increase in AAP and AI in the supine position.In hypertensive subjects, on antihypertensive, there was reduction in AAP and AI in supine position compared with those of normotensives. The significance of the decrease in AAP and AI in supine position on antihypertensive needs to be studied further.

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A comparative Study Between Needling and Homologous Autoimplantation Techniques in Treatment of Multiple Plantar Warts

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab093.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nermeen Samy Abdel Fattah ◽

Rania Mahmoud Elhusseiny ◽

Aml Magdy Darahem

Keyword(s):

Treatment Response ◽

De Novo ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Clinical Appearance ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Common Warts ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Assess Treatment Response ◽

Skin To Skin ◽

Plantar Warts

Abstract Background Warts are a common dermatologic complaint resulting from infection with HPV which spread by direct skin-to-skin contact or by autoinoculation. The clinical appearance of warts is variable depends on the type of HPV involved and the site of infection. There are various types of viral warts including common warts, plantar warts, plane warts and genital warts, usually diagnosis of warts is made through clinical examination of the lesions and no laboratory investigations are required. Objective To compare between the therapeutic efficacy and safety of needling versus homologous autoimplantation techniques in treatment of multiple plantar warts and assess their recurrence rate. Patients and Methods Our study included 40 patients with multiple de novo planter warts(3 -10 warts) of (>1 and <3 years duration) divided into 2 groups, 20 patients per group, one group subjected to autoimplantation of wart tissue and the other subjected to needling procedure. Follow up of studied patients was assessed by physician after 2,8 and 12 weeks of procedure through clinical and dermoscopic examination to assess treatment response and after 16 weeks to assess recurrence Results Results of our study reported that there was high statistically significant difference between the 2 studied groups as regard response to treatment after 12 weeks being higher among autoimplantation group (p = 0.001). Moreover, there were no significant relations between treatment response of both patient groups and each of gender, age of patients, number of warts and duration of lesions. Conclusion Autoimplantation technique is more effective and less painful than needling procedure in treatment of multiple plantar warts (both manipulated and remote warts). No significant relations were found between treatment response of either techniques and demographic or clinical characteristics of studied patients.

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A Measure to Detect Sleep Onset Using Statistical Analysis of Spike Rhythmicity

International Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Engineering ◽

10.4018/ijbce.2014010103 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 27-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

B.R. Purnima ◽

N. Sriraam ◽

U. Krishnaswamy ◽

K. Radhika

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Sleep Onset ◽

Rank Test ◽

P Value ◽

Sleep State ◽

Statistical Measures ◽

Plot Analysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Signed Rank Test ◽

The Impact

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals derived from polysomnography recordings play an important role in assessing the physiological and behavioral changes during onset of sleep. This paper suggests a spike rhythmicity based feature for discriminating the wake and sleep state. The polysomnography recordings are segmented into 1 second EEG patterns to ensure stationarity of the signal and four windowing scheme overlaps (0%, 50%, 60% and 75%)of EEG pattern are introduced to study the influence of the pre-processing procedure. The application of spike rhythmicity feature helps to estimate the number of spikes from the given pattern with a threshold of 25%.Then non parametric statistical analysis using Wilcoxon signed rank test is introduced to evaluate the impact of statistical measures such as mean, standard deviation, p-value and box-plot analysis under various conditions .The statistical test shows significant difference between wake and sleep with p<0.005 for the applied feature, thus demonstrating the efficiency of simple thresholding in distinguishing sleep and wake stage .

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Effect of Chinese Propolis as an Intracanal Medicament on Post-Operative Endodontic Pain: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17020445 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 445 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Juzer Shabbir ◽

Fazal Qazi ◽

Waqas Farooqui ◽

Shahbaz Ahmed ◽

Tazeen Zehra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Hydroxide ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Repeated Measure ◽

P Value ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bonferroni Test ◽

The Impact ◽

Chinese Propolis

Propolis is a potent anti-microbial and natural anti-inflammatory by-product obtained from the beehive. Studies have demonstrated the superior biocompatibility and anti-microbial properties of propolis as compared to calcium hydroxide. However, its effect on postoperative endodontic pain is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of Chinese propolis paste as an intracanal medicament on postoperative endodontic pain intensities compared with calcium hydroxide (control) at different time intervals in necrotic teeth with periapical radiolucency. Eighty patients with single-rooted necrotic teeth with visible periapical radiolucency were recruited and randomly allocated to either the calcium hydroxide or propolis groups. After chemo-mechanical preparation and intracanal medicament insertion, patients were given the VAS (visual analogue scale) to record pain scores. Inter-group data were compared and analyzed using two-way repeated measure ANOVA (Bonferroni test). A p-value of < 0.025 was considered significant. In total, >78% of the patients experienced no or only mild post-operative pain in both the groups at all time intervals, without any significant difference in pain scores between the two groups (p > 0.025). An overall flare-up rate of 14.8% was found. The results suggest that either of these medicaments can be used as an inter-appointment medication for the prevention of postoperative pain in necrotic cases.

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Rituximab (Mabthera) Improves the Treatment Results of DHAP-VIM-DHAP and ASCT in Relapsed/Progressive Aggressive CD20+ NHL. A Prospective Randomized HOVON Trial.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v108.11.328.328 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 108 (11) ◽

pp. 328-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edo Vellenga ◽

Annelise Notenboom ◽

Mars van ‘t Veer ◽

Josée Zijlstra ◽

Willem E. Fibbe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Free Survival ◽

Response Duration ◽

Rank Test ◽

P Value ◽

Line Treatment ◽

First Line ◽

Post Transplantation ◽

Free Survival ◽

Significant Difference ◽

First Line Treatment

Abstract A total of 239 patients with relapsed/progressive aggressive CD20+ NHL after/during adriamycin containing regimens, were recruited to the randomized HOVON-44 trial comparing DHAP-VIM-DHAP followed by BEAM and autologous stem cell re-infusion (ASCT)(“DHAP-arm”) with DHAP-VIM-DHAP in conjunction with Rituximab (375 mg/m2) and ASCT (“R-DHAP arm”). Of the included patients, 202 were evaluable and randomized to the DHAP arm (n=101) or R-DHAP arm (n=101). Only patients with CR/PR after two courses of intensive chemotherapy were eligible for ASCT. Patients were well balanced for risk factors. In both arms the majority of patients had not been exposed to Rituximab during first line treatment. As of July 2006, median follow-up of all patients still alive is 24.5 months. After two courses of chemotherapy PR/CR was obtained in 49 % of the patients in the DHAP arm and 77% in the R-DHAP arm (p=<.01;intention to treat analysis). Post-transplantation PR/CR was obtained in 41% and 58% of the patients respectively (p=.40). A significant difference between both arms was observed for failure free survival (FFS), disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in favor of the Rituximab arm (p<.05, table 1). The less pronounced difference in OS between both arms is most likely due to the fact that non-responding or relapsing patients in the DHAP arm received salvage treatment with a Rituximab containing regimen. Additionally, a subgroup analysis was performed according to type of response to first-line treatment:1) Response duration more than 3 months (n=138); 2) Progression or response duration less than 3 months (n=64). Within both subgroups, the hazard ratio’s for the endpoints were of equal magnitude (.40–.60), indicating that the beneficial effect of Rituximab existed in both subgroups. In conclusion these results demonstrate that the addition of Rituximab to second line of chemotherapy followed by ASCT results in a significant improved FFS, DFS, and OS in patients with relapsed/progressive aggressive CD20+ NHL. Table 1 FFS DFS OS *: 2 years estimate DHAP-arm* 21% 46% 48% R-DHAP arm* 52% 82% 62% Hazard ratio .40 .32 .61 p-value log rank test <0.001 0.003 0.03

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The IC50 Assay Is Predictive of Molecular Response, and Indicative of Optimal Dose in De-Novo CML Patients.

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.1109.1109 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 1109-1109

Author(s):

Deborah L White ◽

Verity A Saunders ◽

Thea Kalebic ◽

Timothy P Hughes

Keyword(s):

De Novo ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Continuous Variable ◽

Rank Test ◽

P Value ◽

Molecular Response ◽

Optimization Strategy ◽

Log Reduction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Impact

Abstract We have previously demonstrated significant interpatient variability in the IC50imatinib, a measure of the intrinsic sensitivity of a patient to imatinib induced kinase inhibition. Furthermore, this measure is predictive of the achievement of major molecular response (MMR > 3 log reduction in BCR-ABL) in de-novo CML patients treated with imatinib (n=60)1. In an expanded patient pool (n=116) we now perform an evaluation of the IC50 as a predictor of response, and address the IC50imatinib as a guide to dose selection. Samples were obtained with informed consent from de novo CML patients enrolled to either the TIDEL (600mg imatinib) or TOPS (randomised 400mg vs 800mg imatinib) trials. Blood was collected pre therapy, and the IC50 was performed as previously1. Outcome data was assessed using Kaplan Meier Analysis and the log rank test was used to assess statistical significance. In our previous analysis the IC50imatinib was divided about the median value for the cohort (0.6μM) into low and high IC50, with a significantly greater proportion of patients with low IC50imatinib achieving MMR by 12 months. In this expanded patient pool, we confirm this finding (<median of 0.7μM for this patient group) (low IC50 65% of patients achieve MMR by 12 mo vs high IC50 39% of patients p=0.014) Dividing the IC50’s into quartiles we now demonstrate that the IC50imatinib is a continuous variable with a greater proportion of patients in the lower quartile achieving MMR than those in the higher (Table 1 Total). Addressing the issue of dose we demonstrate that no patients with IC50>0.95uM achieve MMR on 400mg, and that this is statistically significantly when compared to all other groups. At 600mg while there is no overall significant difference there is a statistically relevant difference between groups 1, 2 and 4 as indicated. In contrast, at 800 mg the effect of IC50imatinib is overcome. MMR by 12 months Total 400mg 600mg 800mg p value Group1 <0.5μM 67% (27) 83% (12)* 50% (8)* 86% (7) 0.470 Group 2 >0.5<0.7μM 63% (30) 67% (6)* 53% (17)* 71% (7) 0.337 Group 3 >0.7<0.95μM 45% (31) 40%(5)* 30% (10) 56% (16) 0.139 Group 4>0.95μM 32% (28) 0% (7)* 22% (9)* 58% (12) 0.016 P value 0.042 0.018 0.108 0.778 Table 1: Dividing the patients into quartile based on the IC50 imatinib and assessing the Impact of dose on the achievement of MMR by 12 month. *p value <0.05 between groups (n). The failure to achieve a Complete Cytogenetic Response by 12 months is considered a suboptimal response. Assessing the molecular equivalent (≥2 log reduction in BCR-ABL) we demonstrate that a significantly greater proportion of patients with IC50imatinib>0.7μM fail to achieve a 2 log reduction when treated with 400mg (IC50 <0.7μM 11%: >0.7μM 33% p=0.034), and 600mg (IC50 <0.7μM 12%: >0.7μM 22% p=0.036). However, there is no significant difference in the 800mg patient cohort (IC50 <0.7μM 7%: >0.7μM 14% p=0.79). This analysis confirms that the IC50imatinib, is predictive of imatinib response. Patients with an IC50imatinib <0.7μM are likely to respond well to doses of 400mg imatinib, as suggested by evaluation of statistically relevant outcome benefit. In contrast patients with higher IC50imatinib (>0.7μM) may benefit from higher dosing regimens (p=0.012). Thus, the accurate assessment of IC50imatinib could support dose optimization strategy for patients with a suboptimal response.

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