Respiratory pathophysiology in obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-815
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Sergeeva
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
Respiratory Apparatus

In the modern world, obesity is the most important medical and social problem that requires an interdisciplinary approach. Many diseases of the respiratory system are caused by obesity.Aim. The review analyzes scientific sources on respiratory disorders in patients with obesity from the open-access electronic libraries PubMed and eLibrary published in the last 15 years.Methods. A comparative systematical assessment of the results of these studies was carried out. The mechanical effects of excess body weight on the respiratory apparatus have been singled out. The current views about cellular and humoral effects of adipose tissue on the development of respiratory pathology have been given.Conclusion. The analysis results present evidence of the multifactorial negative influence of excessive body weight on the respiratory system. Some aspects of the role of obesity in the development of respiratory disorders require further study. Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms behind the influence of obesity on the respiratory apparatus is essential for developing the patient management strategy.

scholarly journals Excessive body weight and its relationship to body image in teenagers aged 16–18 years old in South Jakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Dania Mirza Ramadhanty ◽  
Bernie Endyarni Medise
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Objective. Overweight is one of the health problems that often occur in children and adolescents throughout the world, both in developed and developing countries. Study results in USA showed yearly increase of overweight prevalence in children aged 2–19 years old. In addition, based on the results by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2010 in United States, the highest percentage of overweight and obesity by age group was found at 12–19 years old (33.6%). Basic Health Research/Riskesdas’s data in 2013 showed the prevalence of overweight in adolescents aged 16–18 years old in Indonesia reached the highest value of 11.5%. Moreover, most teenagers see their body images as a match between self’s and others’ ideal perception. Teenagers with positive body image tend to be more confident and also easier to get along with other people, especially their peers. In this study, researcher aimed to investigate the relationship between teenagers who have excess body weight with body image, whether it had positive or negative impact.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data collection was done from December 2017 to January 2018. Data collected were anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and the King College London Body Image Questionnaire's filled by participants. From 400 subjects who filled the questionnaires, a total of 350 participants matched the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Chi square test was done as data analysis.Results: Chi-square analysis for excess body weight status in relation to body image scores showed no relationship (p=1,000).Conclusions: There was no significant relationship between excessive body weight and body image. 

XXL-TYPE PERSONALITY Personality features promoting excess body weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Marzena Sekula ◽  
Ewa Jarczewska –Gerc ◽  
Iwona Boniecka ◽  
Emil Jędrzejewski ◽  
Krzysztof Paśnik
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Personality Features

The aim of the study. The study aimed to determine whether persons suffering from obesity may be characterized by specific personality traits which promote the development of excess body weight. Additionally, the aim involved finding whether persons suffering from morbid obesity differed from healthy individuals and somatic patients as regards selected personality traits. Material and methods. The study enrolled 34 patients with the diagnosis of morbid obesity in the process of qualification for surgical treatment of obesity. The patients’ BMI ranged from 35 to 54 kg/m2. Study participants completed NEO-FFI personality inventory (Costa, McCare; 1998) and the authors’ questionnaire designed to collect demographic data and anthropometric measurements. Results. The study showed that patients with morbid obesity significantly differed from healthy individuals and somatic patients as regards the analyzed measurements of the Big Five. Conclusions. The traits which were significantly distinctive in morbidly obese patients included lowered conscientiousness and increased neuroticism. The results indicate that the above pattern of personality traits may promote the development of excessive body weight.

Adiponectin and leptin gene variants and their effects on body weight trajectories in children from birth to 6 years of age: the PREDI Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Caroline Kroll ◽  
Dayana Rodrigues Farias ◽  
Gilberto Kac ◽  
Paulo Henrique Condeixa de França ◽  
Marco Fabio Mastroeni
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
Female Relative ◽  
Weight Trajectories

Abstract Excess body weight confers a high risk to human health. Body weight variation between subjects can be partially explained by genetic differences. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of genetic variants in the ADIPOQ (rs2241766) and LEP (rs7799039) genes with body weight trajectories in children from birth to 6 years of age. This was a prospective cohort (PREDI Study). Socio-economic, biological and anthropometric data were collected at four time points: at birth in the maternity unit; 1–2, 4–5 and 6 years old at the participants’ homes. Genotyping was performed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Poisson regression and linear mixed-effect regression models were used to address the association of ADIPOQ and LEP genotypes with BMI. Excessive body weight at pre-pregnancy (β = 0·339, P = 0·01) and excessive gestational weight gain (β = 0·51, P < 0·001) were associated with children’s BMI trajectory from birth to 6 years. The ADIPOQ-rs2241766 TG or GG genotype was associated with a higher risk of excess body weight in the first 6 years of life (both sexes relative risk 1·25, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·56; female relative risk 1·67, 95 % CI 1·20, 2·31). BMI increased over the years according to the presence of the TG or GG genotype (β = 0·01, 95 % CI 0·01, 0·02), particularly in females (β = 0·02, 95 % CI 0·01, 0·04). The ADIPOQ-rs2241766 TG and GG genotypes increased the risk of excess body weight in children from birth to 6 years of age and had a positive effect on body weight trajectories in girls. The LEP-rs7799039 genetic variant was not associated with body weight trajectory in children.

scholarly journals Oxygen Supply System Management in an Overweight Adult after 12 Months in Antarctica—Study Case

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4077
Author(s):  
Maria Radziejowska ◽  
Yevgen Moiseyenko ◽  
Paweł Radziejowski ◽  
Michał Zych
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
System State ◽  
Oxygen Homeostasis ◽  
Overweight Adult ◽  
Excessive Body Weight ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
First Time

The aim of the study was to try to determine the functional state of the respiratory system, i.e., selected parameters and indicators of physiological systems responsible for the supply of oxygen at all stages of its delivery in people as their body weight increases from normal weight to overweight. The studies include an analysis of test results of functional respiratory system state (FSD) indicators of a 30-year-old and 170-cm tall man. Measurements of FSD were conducted two times: the first time before an expedition to Antarctica at 70 kg (normal body weight); the next measurements were taken a year later, after coming back from the expedition, at 82 kg (overweight). When analyzing the functional respiratory system state in terms of the effect of overweight it was found that the maintenance of the oxygen homeostasis in those conditions occurred at the level of a compensated hypoxic state. That is why the decision to engage in physical activity can be made only if we are sure that significant destructive additive effects of both types of hypoxic influences (from excessive body weight and from the physical activity) are not overlapping.

scholarly journals THE POSTURE OF THE TRUNK IN THE SAGITTAL PLANE AND THE SHAPE OF FEET IN OLDER WOMEN WITH NORMAL AND EXCESSIVE BODY WEIGHT

2021 ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wódka ◽  
Eliza Smoła ◽  
Marta Bibro ◽  
Małgorzata Łaczek-Wójtowicz ◽  
Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Trunk Inclination ◽  
Transverse Arch ◽  
Excessive Body Weight

The aim of this study has been to determine the relationship between the shape of the thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis and sagittal trunk inclination, and the longitudinal and transverse arches of the feet, the position of the hallux and the fifth toe in women with normal and excessive body weight. Material and methods: Eighty nine women aged from 57 to 84 were studied. The shape of the spine was examined using the Zebris pointer ultrasound system, and the shape of feet was evaluated with a podoscope with a 3D scanner. The data analysis was performed using the Statistica v13 software, frequency tables, descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the post hoc Tukey test, and Spearman’s rank-order correlations coefficient. Obesity has been reported to increase thoracic kyphosis, increase the forward lean of the trunk and flatten the longitudinal arch of the feet. It was found that there is a relationship between the forward lean of the body and the reduction in the longitudinal and transverse arch of the feet and the valgus position of the hallux, and between the degree of thoracic kyphosis and the valgus position of the hallux. Excess body weight, to a greater extent than age, influences the position of the trunk and the shape of feet in older women. A feature of the body posture that is characteristic of older women is the progression of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis, the forward lean of the body and the lowering of the arch of the feet.

Obesity and Food Away from Home: What Drives the Socioeconomic Gradient in Excess Body Weight?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Strupat ◽  
Gabriela Farfan ◽  
Laura Moritz ◽  
Mario Negre ◽  
Renos Vakis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Food Away From Home ◽  
Socioeconomic Gradient

Recent Advances in Obesity: The Role of Turmeric Tuber and Its Metabolites in the Prophylaxis and Therapeutical Strategies

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (37) ◽  
pp. 4837-4853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Jarząb ◽  
Wirginia Kukula-Koch
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
21St Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Important Health ◽  
High Concern

Background: Obesity in the 21st century society became an important health problem, alarming both the scientists and medicine doctors around the world. That is why, the search for new drug candidates capable to reduce the body weight is of high concern. Objective: This contribution tends to collect current findings on the biochemistry of obesity and on the application of plants and in particular turmeric tuber – a commonly used spice - as an anti-obesity agent. Methods: Following an introduction on the biochemical characteristics of obesity, the description of Curcuma secondary metabolites, their pharmacological applications and a study on the plants’ regulatory properties in obesity was summarized. Particular attention was paid to curcumin – the major metabolite present in the extracts of Curcuma spp., which is known to exhibit a variety of pharmacological actions. Also, the characteristics of some semisynthetic analogues of this ferulic acid derivative, characterized by a higher polarity and better bioavailability will be discussed. Results: Numerous scientific papers treat on the influence of turmeric on weight loss. Additionally, some of them describe its anti-inflammatory properties. Conclusions: This important spice tends to fight the 21st century plague, which is an excessive weight gain, related to the development of metabolic syndrome, to the occurrence of cardiovascular problems and diabetes, and, in consequence, leading to a significant shortening of life span. As herein proven, the extracts of turmeric play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory reactions which are evoked in the overweight patients, helping them reduce the excess body weight.

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