Oxygen Supply System Management in an Overweight Adult after 12 Months in Antarctica—Study Case

The aim of the study was to try to determine the functional state of the respiratory system, i.e., selected parameters and indicators of physiological systems responsible for the supply of oxygen at all stages of its delivery in people as their body weight increases from normal weight to overweight. The studies include an analysis of test results of functional respiratory system state (FSD) indicators of a 30-year-old and 170-cm tall man. Measurements of FSD were conducted two times: the first time before an expedition to Antarctica at 70 kg (normal body weight); the next measurements were taken a year later, after coming back from the expedition, at 82 kg (overweight). When analyzing the functional respiratory system state in terms of the effect of overweight it was found that the maintenance of the oxygen homeostasis in those conditions occurred at the level of a compensated hypoxic state. That is why the decision to engage in physical activity can be made only if we are sure that significant destructive additive effects of both types of hypoxic influences (from excessive body weight and from the physical activity) are not overlapping.

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POS0358 EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF mTOR EXPRESSION ON THE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS IN OBESE AND NORMAL WEIGHT PATIENTS

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.3287 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 409.2-409

Author(s):

E. Strebkova ◽

E. Tchetina ◽

L. Alekseeva

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Knee Pain ◽

Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Womac Pain ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Normal Body ◽

Knee Oa ◽

Normal Body Weight

Background:Currently, a large number of molecular biological and genetic markers are known to be involved in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is responsible for chondrocyte proliferation, cartilage matrix production, and cell growth. OA is characterized by increased mTOR synthesis, which is accompanied by an increase in proliferative activity and destruction of chondrocytes. Obesity is an important factor in the progression of knee OA. The study of mTOR expression in patients with OA and obesity is an urgent task in the development of personalized OA therapy.Objectives:To determine the expression of mTOR in patients with knee OA in combination with obesity and normal body weight. To evaluate the effect of mTOR on the clinical manifestations of OA in patients with different body mass index (BMI).Methods:The study included 73 female patients aged 45-65 y.o. with Kellgren-Lawrence stage II-III knee OA. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n=50) with obesity (BMI > 30 kg / cm2) and group 2 (n=23) with normal or increased body weight (BMI < 30 kg/cm2). The average age of patients with obesity is 56.5 ± 5.87 years, without obesity - 58.7 ± 5.43 years. Clinical manifestations were evaluated by a WOMAС. RNA was isolated from the patients ‘ blood samples, which was used to determine the expression of mTOR.Results:Patients with knee OA with and without obesity did not differ in age. OA develops at an earlier age in obese patients, than in non-obese patients (p < 0.001). Patients from 1 group had a high BMI > 30 kg/m2 at the onset of OA. Obese patients had more severe knee OA is significantly more often detected: Kellgren-Lawrence stage III was determined in 10% of obese patients and in 4.35% - without obesity (p < 0.001). Significantly higher values of the WOMAC index pain, stiffness, joint functional failure, and total WOMAC were observed in obese patients (p = 0.006, p = 0.039, p = 0.037, and p = 0.014, respectively). Obese patients had higher VAS pain scores (p < 0.05) compared to patients with a lower BMI. Obese patients had a higher mTOR expression (p < 0.05) of 8.02±8.62, compared to non-obese patients. High mTOR expression was associated with VAS knee pain (r=0.78; p < 0.05) and WOMAC pain (r=0.89; p<0.05) in obese patients (Table 1).Table 1.Correlation of m-TORParametersmTOR (1 group, n=50)mTOR (2 group, n=23)Body weightр > 0,05р > 0,05Pain (VAS)r=0,78; р<0,05p = 0,07; r = 0,45Pain (WOMAC)r=0,89; р<0,05р > 0,05Total WOMACр > 0,05р > 0,05Conclusion:Our study showed that patients with obesity and knee OA have higher rates of mTOR expression, compared to patients with normal body weight. High mTOR expression correlates with the severity of knee pain in obese patients. Thus, the evaluation of mTOR expression in obese patients and knee OA plays an important role in predicting the severity of clinical manifestations of OA, and may influence the choice of personalized therapy tactics for such patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Relationship between chest mobility and angle of spinal curvateres in the saggital plane

Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.3309 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (87) ◽

pp. 39-46

Author(s):

Marta Bibro ◽

Łucja Laskowska ◽

Anita Ziemba ◽

Agnieszka Jankowicz-Szymańska

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Lumbar Lordosis ◽

Weight Status ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Respiratory Muscles ◽

Body Weight Status ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Excessive Body Weight ◽

Normal Body Weight

Aim: Faulty body postures is a significant problem affecting the reduction of quality of health and life in every age group. Currently, more and more attention is paid to the importance of respiratory muscles, and above all the diaphragm in stabilizing posture. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between selected features of the position of the torso and chest mobility. Basic procedures: 33 young adults were included in the study. Body weight and height were measured, BMI was calculated and body weight status was determined. The chest circumferences at rest, maximum inspiration and maximum exhalation at three heights was measured. Three-dimensional torso settings were evaluated using the Zebris Pointer Ulrtrasound System. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The majority of examined women had normal body weight, while excessive body weight occurred in nearly 1/3 of men. The most significant difference in the position of the torso was the greater depth of lumbar lordosis in women. A significant correlation was found between the lumbar spine position and the chest circumferences. The results indicate a decrease in chest mobility along with an increase in the depth of lumbar lordosis. Conclusions: Respiratory kinesitherapy should be an important part of the process of correction of spinal shape in sagittal plane.

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Levels of keratinocyteand fibroblast-derived chemokines in skin cells isolated from abdominoplasty surgical materials from patients with normal weight and obesity

ZHurnal «Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental`naia terapiia» ◽

10.25557/0031-2991.2020.03.47-53 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

А.Е. Копасов ◽

Е.Н. Волкова ◽

С.Н. Блохин ◽

С.Г. Морозов

Keyword(s):

Flow Cytometry ◽

Body Weight ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Becton Dickinson ◽

Skin Cells ◽

Inflammatory Chemokines ◽

Normal Body Weight ◽

Body Weight Index

Цель работы - определение уровня хемокинов, ассоциированных с фибробластами и кератиноцитами, в клетках кожи, выделеных из операционного материала при абдоминопластике у пациенток с нормальной массой тела и ожирением. Методика. Для исследования использовали фрагменты кожи пациенток с нормальной массой тела и ожирением. Степень ожирения оценивали по индексу массы тела (ИМТ) согласно международным критериям. ИМТ, принятый в исследовании за норму, составлял 19,8±1,7 кг/м2, для пациенток с ожирением - 38,3±4,1 кг/м2. Клетки выделяли путем ферментативной обработки коллагеназой II. Проводили иммунотипирование клеток моноклональными антителами меченными флуоресцентными красителями. Использовали антитела к хемокинам семейства CXCL (R&D systems) и CCL (Boeringer Ingelheim, Германия). Меченные флуоресцентными красителями иммунотипированные клетки анализировали на проточном цитометре FACSCalibur (Becton Dickinson, США) по программе SimulSet. Статистический анализ проводили по программе ANOVA. Результаты. Были проанализированы хемокины семейства CCL и CXCL, секретируемые кератиноцитами и фибробластами кожи. Показано, что в коже пациенток с ожирением повышен процент клеток, экспрссирующих рецепторы CXCR3, CXCR4, CCR3, CCR10, регулирующие секрецию хемокинов кератиноцитами и фибробластами кожи. При ожирении в клетках кожи повышен уровень хемокинов CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, CCL24 и CCL27, имеющих отношение к развитию и поддержанию воспалительного процесса в коже, а уровень хемокинов CCL17, CCL22, CCL28 снижен, что указывает на нарушение хемокиновой и цитокиновой регуляции при ожирении и является основой для развития послеоперационных осложнений при абдоминопластике. Заключение. Полученные данные указывают на нарушение хемокиновой регуляции при ожирении, что способствует развитию послеоперационных осложнений при абдоминопластике. The aim of the study was to compare chemokine expression in skin cells obtained from patients with normal body weight and obesity after abdominoplasty. Methods. Obesity was determined by body weight index (normal, 19.8±1.7 kg/m2; obesity, 38.3±4.1 kg/m2). Only skin without subcutaneous fat was isolated from surgical material. The skin cells obtained from surgical material were stained with monoclonal antibodies to chemokines. Fluorescence of proteins and receptors was analyzed by flow cytometry. Statistical analysis was performed with ANOVA. Results. Keratinocyte- and fibroblast-derived chemokines of the CCL and CXCL families were analyzed. Percentage of cells expressing CXCR3, CXCR4, CCR3, and CCR10 receptors (regulators of chemokine secretion by keratinocytes and skin fibroblasts) was increased in the skin of obese patients. Expression of the pro-inflammatory chemokines, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, CCL24, and CCL27, was increased in skin cells from obese patients. Obesity was associated with reduced expression of the chemokines CCL17, CCL22, and CCL28 in skin cells. Conclusion. Chemokine regulation is disturbed in obesity, which may underlie the development of complications after abdominal surgery.

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Cardiopulmonary Capacity in Overweight and Obese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.671827 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Agata Grzyb ◽

Małgorzata Domagalska-Szopa ◽

Andrzej Siwiec ◽

Ilona Kwiecień-Czerwieniec ◽

Andrzej Szopa

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Overweight Children ◽

Obese Children ◽

Normal Body ◽

Normal Body Weight

Background: One of the objective methods of assessing the level of cardiopulmonary capacity in overweight and obese children and adolescents is cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).Aims: The purpose of present study is an evaluation of aerobic capacity in high body mass index (BMI) children and adolescents by comparing them with a normal weight control group by CPET.Methods and Procedures: The subjects were recruited from participants of the Program of Treatment for Overweight and Obese Children organized by a local pediatric rehabilitation center in Poland. Based on BMI for age and gender, two validation groups were selected: (1) a group of overweight children (n = 49) and (2) a group of obese children (n = 48). The study included also 53 normal weight participants as a reference group (REF). The study consisted of two parts: anthropometric measurements and CPET. The Godfrey protocol for CPET was applied.Outcomes and Results: In this study, obese children and adolescents showed similar absolute VO2peak values in liters per minute (1.64 L/min) compared to overweight children (1.48 L/min), but significantly higher than children with normal body weight (1.39 L/min). The obese children and adolescents presented lower VO2peak in relation to body weight (25.44 ml/kg/min) compared to their peers with normal body weight (36.5 ml/kg/min), and overweight children (29.18 ml/kg/min).Conclusion and Implications: The main finding of our study was recognition of significant differences between cardiopulmonary capacity parameters in obese children in comparison not only to normal weight peers, but to overweight, too.

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The COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns and Changes in Body Weight among Polish Women. A Cross-Sectional Online Survey PLifeCOVID-19 Study

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12187768 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 7768 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Małgorzata Ewa Drywień ◽

Jadwiga Hamulka ◽

Monika A. Zielinska-Pukos ◽

Marta Jeruszka-Bielak ◽

Magdalena Górnicka

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Online Survey ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

The Body ◽

Limited Information ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Excessive Body Weight

There is limited information on the relationships between restrictions linked to COVID-19 and changes in body weight. The aim of the study was to identify the body weight changes and their determinants in the nutritional and socio-demographic context during the COVID-19 pandemic in Polish women. During lockdown in Poland, 34% of women gained weight, while 18% of women reduced weight. As many as 44% of women with obesity before the pandemic increased their body weight, and 74% of women that were underweight reduced their body weight. In a group with weight gain, women increased their body weight by 2.8 kg on average and around 65% of them increased their total food intake. Unhealthy dietary changes and the negative lifestyle changes that comprised of an increase in screen time and a decrease in physical activity were found as key factors associated with weight gain. A higher risk of weight gain was associated with being obese before the pandemic or living in a macroeconomic region >50% of EU-28 GDP, while those younger in age and carrying out remote work had a higher chance of weight loss. Concluding, the specific conditions during lockdown worsened the nutritional status, which may increase the risk of complicatedness and mortality from COVID-19. It seems advisable to create dietary and lifestyle recommendations tailored to the individual needs of women who are underweight or have excessive body weight. More attention should be paid also to environmental impacts. Both, the reduction of excessive body weight and the maintenance of a normal weight should be based on the principle to eat and live sustainably and healthily.

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Abstract P484: The Role of Excessive Body Weight in Hypertension Risk Among Youth

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p484 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Corinna Koebnick ◽

Margo Sidell ◽

Matthew Daley ◽

Xia Li ◽

Robert Riewerts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Hypertension Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Excessive Body Weight ◽

Integrated Health Care System ◽

Large Cohort Study ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Models ◽

Normal Body Weight ◽

Baseline Bmi ◽

Over Time

Objective: To determine the hypertension risk associated with elevated body mass index (BMI) for age in children. Study design: In a retrospective cohort of 706,903 children ages 3-18 years in an integrated health care system in Southern California between 2008 and 2017, Cox proportional hazard models with age as time scale were fitted to assess the risk of hypertension (based on 2017 Blood Pressure Guidelines by the American Academy of Pediatrics using 3 blood pressures of independent consecutive visits), by baseline BMI-for-age category (starting at their first available BMI) and BMI change over time, adjusted for sex, race, socioeconomic status and baseline year. Children were followed up until end of membership, onset of hypertension, death, or end of study period. Results: During 3,121,299 person-years, we identified 19,158 youth with incident hypertension. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for hypertension was 0.842 (95%CI 0.755, 0.938) for children with a baseline BMI-for-age <5th percentile, 0.864 (95%CI 0.814, 0.917) for 5-39th percentile, 1.00 (reference) for 40-59th percentile, 1.216 (95%CI 1.153, 1.282) for 60-84th percentile, 1.721 (95%CI 1.629, 1.817) for 85-94th percentile, 2.418 (95%CI 2.261, 2.586) for 95-96th percentile, and 3.816 (95%CI 3.624, 4.019) for ≥97th percentile. The adjusted HR for change in BMI over time was 1.095 (95%CI 1.090, 1.100) per kg/m2. Conclusions: In this large cohort study, we found that even moderate elevations in BMI-for age percentile conferred an increased risk of hypertension in children. Results also indicate an escalation of hypertension risk as BMI increased over time. Our results suggest that normal body weight in children ranging from the 5th to the 85th percentile of BMI-for-age and modest increases in BMI over time may increase the risk for hypertension.

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Excessive body weight of children and adolescents in the spotlight of their parents’ overweight and obesity, physical activity, and screen time

International Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1007/s00038-020-01419-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (8) ◽

pp. 1309-1317 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erik Sigmund ◽

Dagmar Sigmundová ◽

Petr Badura

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Screen Time ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children And Adolescent ◽

Excessive Body Weight

Abstract Objectives The main aim of this study was to bridge the research gap in the countries of Central Europe using the family dyad approach to examine the associations of parents’ overweight/obesity, physical activity (PA), and screen time (ST) with excessive body weight in their offspring. Methods The cross-sectional study included 1101 parent–child dyads (648/453 mother/father–child aged 4–16) selected by two-stage stratified random sampling with complete data on body weight categories, weekly PA (Yamax pedometer), ST (family logbook) collected over a regular school/working week during the spring and autumn seasons between 2013 and 2019. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify which of parents’ lifestyle indicators were associated with the overweight/obesity of their offspring. Results The mother’s overweight/obesity significantly increases her children’s odds of overweight/obesity. Concerning fathers, active participation in organized leisure-time PA and reaching 10,000 steps per day significantly reduce the odds of overweight/obesity in their children and adolescent offspring. Conclusions The cumulative effect of parental participation in organized leisure-time PA with their own family-related PA can be a natural means of preventing the development of overweight/obesity in their offspring.

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The association of positive mental health indicators and normal body weight, Belgian HIS 2018

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.386 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

K De Ridder ◽

S Drieskens ◽

S Demarest

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Life Satisfaction ◽

Body Weight ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Positive Mental Health ◽

Normal Body ◽

Normal Body Weight ◽

Low Educated

Abstract Background An important health promotion goal is to maintain a normal body weight. However, knowledge about positive mental health indicators that might be associated with normal weight is scarce. The aim is to study positive mental health indicators and normal weight in a cross-sectional national representative population sample. Methods Study participants included adults aged ≥ 18 year (n = 6643) of the Belgian Health Interview Survey (HIS) 2018. Mental health indicators were having no psychological distress (GHQ-12<2), no self-reported anxiety or depression (EQ_5D), medium to high vitality (SF-36 vitality scale) and high to medium level of life satisfaction. BMI was calculated on self-declared height and weight. The associations were assessed through logistic regression taking into account confounding and effect modification by age, gender, educational level, health status, physical activity, daily eating of fruit and vegetables and daily consuming sugared soft drinks or sweet/salty snacks. Results 50.1% had a BMI≥25. In the crude models, all indicators were negatively associated with being obese, but there was no association between having a normal weight (versus overweight and obesity) and absence of psychological distress, absence of anxiety and depression, and medium to high vitality. Medium to high level of life satisfaction was associated with normal weight in the fully adjusted model (OR 1.3; 95%CI 1.0-1.6) but when stratified, medium to high life satisfaction was associated with normal weight only among high educated women (OR 1.8; 95%CI 1.1-2.9), but not among men and low educated women. Surprisingly, among low educated women, having no psychological distress was negatively associated with normal weight (OR 0.7; 95%CI 0.5-0.9). Conclusions These preliminary results showed a variable impact of gender and educational levels on the association between positive mental health indicators and normal weight. Trends and distribution in society should be further explored. Key messages Although unequivocal associations with obesity, positive mental health is not clearly associated with normal body weight in today’s obesogenic society. The effect of a shift towards a higher BMI in society on mental health needs to be further explored.

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Perbedaan maturasi skeletal ditinjau dari berat badan dan jenis kelamin pada anak usia 8-12 tahunThe difference in skeletal maturation of children aged 8-12 years between underweight and normal

Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran ◽

10.24198/jkg.v33i1.29392 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Jeffri Vermilion ◽

Mimi Marina Lubis

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cervical Vertebrae ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Skeletal Maturation ◽

Maturation Stage ◽

Chi Square ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Normal Body Weight

Pendahuluan: Periode tumbuh kembang pada perawatan pasien ortodonti merupakan hal penting untuk menentukan waktu perawatan maloklusi yang dapat dilihat dari maturasi skeletal. Perawatan kelas II skeletal paling baik dimulai pada masa pubertas atau cervical vertebrae maturation stage (CVMS) 3 atau 4 yaitu sekitar umur 10-12 tahun pada perempuan dan 12-14 pada laki-laki, dan pada kelas III pada masa prepubertal atau CVMS 1 yaitu sekitar 8-9 tahun untuk perempuan dan 8-11 tahun untuk laki-laki. Maturasi skeletal dapat dipengaruhi oleh status gizi seseorang. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perbedaan maturasi skeletal pada anak usia 8-12 tahun ditinjau berat badan dan jenis kelamin. Metode: Jenis penelitian observasional analitik yang dilakukan pada 100 pasien ortodonti RSGM USU usia 8-12 tahun terdiri dari 50 pasien berat badan kurang dan 50 pasien berat badan normal. Pasien berat badan kurang dan normal diperoleh melalui pengukuran berdasarkan indeks massa tubuh, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran maturasi skeletal menggunakan metode Bacetti yang terdiri dari CVMS 1-CVMS 6 dengan uji chi-square sebagai data analisis. Hasil: Maturasi skeletal berat badan kurang sebanyak 40% CVMS 1, 30% CVMS 2, 16% CVMS 3, 12% CVMS 4, dan 2% CVMS 5, sedangkan pada berat badan normal 12% CVMS 1, 34% CVMS 2, 26% CVMS 3, 18% CVMS 4, dan 10% CVMS 5. Hasil uji chi square menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan maturasi skeletal dengan berat badan kurang dan normal diperoleh nilai p=0,015; p<0,05 dan menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara maturasi skeletal dengan jenis kelamin dimana p<0,05. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan maturasi skeletal antara berat badan kurang dan normal namun tidak terdapat perbedaan maturasi skeletal pada laki-laki dan perempuan pada anak usia 8-12 tahun.Kata kunci: Maturasi skeletal, indeks massa tubuh, metode Bacetti. ABSTRACTIntroduction: The growth and development period in orthodontic treatment is important in determining the malocclusion treatment timing, which can be seen from skeletal maturation. Class II skeletal treatment is best started at puberty or cervical vertebrae maturation stage (CVMS) 3 or 4, around the age of 10-12 years in women and 12-14 in men. In class III skeletal treatment is best started at the prepubertal period or CVMS 1, namely about 8-9 years for women and 8-11 years for men. Skeletal maturation can be affected by a person's nutritional status. This study was aimed to analyse the differences in skeletal maturation in children aged 8-12 years in terms of body weight and sex. Methods: This type of analytical observational study was conducted on 100 orthodontic patients at Universitas Sumatera Utara Dental Hospital aged 8-12 years consisting of 50 underweight patients and 50 normal-weight patients. The patients' weight was obtained through measurements based on body mass index; then, the skeletal maturation was measured using the Bacetti method consisting of CVMS 1-CVMS 6 with the chi-square test as data analysis. Results: Underweight skeletal maturation was 40% CVMS 1, 30% CVMS 2, 16% CVMS 3, 12% CVMS 4, and 2% CVMS 5, while at normal weight 12% CVMS 1, 34% CVMS 2, 26 % CVMS 3, 18% CVMS 4, and 10% CVMS 5. The chi square test results showed differences in skeletal maturation with underweight and normal body weight, the value of p=0.015; p<0.05 and no significant difference between skeletal maturation and sex where p<0.05. Conclusion: There is a difference in skeletal maturation between underweight and normal body weight, but there is no difference in skeletal maturation between sex in children aged 8-12 years.Keywords: Skeletal maturation, body mass index, Bacetti method.

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Risk factors for gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms related to lifestyle and diet

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny ◽

10.32394/rpzh.2021.0145 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Taraszewska

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Body Weight ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Excessive Body Weight ◽

Gerd Symptoms

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The most characteristic symptom of the disease is heartburn, which occurs at least once a week. The prevalence of the disease varies and, depending on the region of the world, it may affect from a few to over 30% of an adult population. It is estimated that in Poland this disease may affect up to 35.5% of adults reporting abdominal ailments. If untreated, the disease can lead to serious complications including precancerous conditions and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Pharmacotherapy is considered as the first-line treatment in GERD patients but lifestyle modifications, including diet changes, are an important element supporting the treatment of the disease. Many factors may contribute to the development of the disease. Among them, there are non-modifiable factors such as age, sex or genetic factors and modifiable factors, e.g. lifestyle, diet, excessive body weight. This review focuses on GERD risk factors related to lifestyle and nutrition that include both dietary components and nutritional behaviour. Lifestyle risk factors that may contribute to GERD symptoms include excessive body weight, particularly obesity, moderate/high alcohol consumption, smoking, postprandial and vigorous physical activity, as well as lack of regular physical activity. Many studies indicate fatty, fried, sour, spicy food/products, orange and grapefruit juice, tomatoes and tomato preserves, chocolate, coffee/tea, carbonated beverages, alcohol as triggers for GERD symptoms. Eating habits such as irregular meal pattern, large volume of meals, eating meals just before bedtime may correlate with the symptoms of GERD. The role of lifestyle, diet and eating habits as risk factors for GERD is not clearly understood, and the results of the available studies are often contradictory. Determination of modifiable risk factors for this disease and its symptoms is important for effective dietary prevention and diet therapy of GERD.

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