scholarly journals Beneficios de los acolchados de paja y poda como prácticas para la gestión forestal de los montes mediterráneos

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hueso-González ◽  
J.F. Martínez-Murillo ◽  
J.D. Ruiz-Sinoga
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Available Water Content ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Minimal Environmental Impact

In semiarid conditions, re-vegetation programs are associated with a high level of sapling mortality. For the proper management of Mediterranean forest environments, alternative low cost afforestation methods that ensure the survival of seedlings and have minimal environmental impact are needed. One way to improve soil conditions is to apply organic amendments to the soil. This study assessed the effects of two types of organic mulching on the afforestation success of a degraded Mediterranean semiarid area. The soil treatments tested were: i) afforestation in soil amended with straw mulch (10 Mg ha-1); ii) afforestation in soil amended with mulch containing chipped branches of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) (10 Mg ha-1); iii) control plots with no amendments were used and considered as afforested in natural conditions. The afforestation plan was performed following the same species and pattern of plantation in each plot. We hypothesized that in the context of dry-Mediterranean climatic conditions the use of organic amendments would enhance plant establishment and ensure successful afforestation. The results showed that afforestation success increased when soils were amended with straw and pine tree mulch. The amendments had no effect on soil organic carbon. However, both treatments showed an increase in the average soil water content respect to the control conditions. Thus, the available water content in soils amended with mulch was higher than in the control during most of the duration of the experiment, and, consequently, there was less water stress following afforestation. This was well related with the increment in sapling survival rates founded in straw and pine mulch treatments.

scholarly journals Effects of topsoil treatments on afforestation in a dry Mediterranean climate (southern Spain)

Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1479-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Hueso-González ◽  
Juan Francisco Martínez-Murillo ◽  
Jose Damian Ruiz-Sinoga
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
High Level ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Abstract. Afforestation programs in semiarid areas are associated with a high level of sapling mortality. Therefore, the development of alternative low-cost and low-environmental-impact afforestation methods that ensure the survival of seedlings is crucial for improving the efficiency of Mediterranean forest management. This study assessed the effects of five types of soil amendments on the afforestation success (e.g., plant growth and survival) of a Mediterranean semiarid area. The amendments tested were (i) straw mulch; (ii) mulch containing chipped branches of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis L.); (iii) sheep manure compost; (iv) sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant; and (v) TerraCottem hydroabsorbent polymer. We hypothesized that in the context of dry Mediterranean climatic conditions, the use of organic amendments would enhance plant establishment and ensure successful afforestation. The results showed that afforestation success varied among the various soil amendment treatments in the experimental plots. The amendments had no effect on soil organic carbon, pH, or salinity, but the results indicated that the addition of mulch or hydroabsorbent polymer can reduce transplant stress by increasing the soil water available for plant growth throughout the hydrological year, and potentially improve the success of afforestation by reducing plant mortality.

scholarly journals Effects of topsoil treatments on afforestation in a dry-Mediterranean climate (southern Spain)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hueso-González ◽  
J. F. Martínez-Murillo ◽  
J. D. Ruiz-Sinoga
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Semiarid Areas ◽  
High Level ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Abstract. Revegetation programs in semiarid areas are associated with a high level of sapling mortality. Therefore, the development of alternative low cost and low environmental impact afforestation methods that ensure the survival of seedlings is necessary for the effective management of Mediterranean forest environments. This study assessed the effects of five types of soil amendment on the success of afforestation processes. The amendments tested were: i) straw mulching (SM); ii) mulch containing chipped branches of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis L.) (PM); iii) sheep manure compost from a wastewater treatment plant (SH); iv) sewage sludge (RU); and v) TerraCottem hydroabsorbent polymer (HP). We hypothesized that in the context of dry-Mediterranean climatic conditions, the use of organic amendments would enhance plant establishment and ensure successful afforestation. The results showed that afforestation success varied among the various soil amendment treatments in the experimental plots. The amendments had no effect on soil organic carbon, pH, or salinity, but the results indicate that the addition of mulch or hydroabsorbent polymer can reduced transplant stress by increasing the soil water available for plant growth throughout the hydrological year, and potentially improve the success of afforestation by reducing plant mortality.

scholarly journals Técnicas de restauración de suelos basadas en el uso de residuos orgánicos: seis años de beneficios sobre las propiedades de un suelo forestal

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
P. Hueso-González ◽  
J.M. Martínez-Murillo ◽  
J.D. Ruiz-Sinoga
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Restoring the native vegetation is one of the most effective way to regenerate forest soil health. The seeding and plant establishment stages are critical; but during these stages the beneficial effects of the vegetation may not be apparent, and the soil is highly susceptible to erosion and depletion of soil quality. In the initial months after afforestation, vegetation cover establishment and soil quality could be better sustained if the soil was amended with an external extra source of organic matter. The objective of this study is to analyze the benefits of using different organic amendments on some soil properties. The soil treatment selected were: (i) afforestation with straw mulching treatment; (ii) afforestation with mulch with chipped branches of Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.); (iii) afforestation with cattle manure compost; (iv) sewage sludge and; (v) afforestation in unamended soils, control condition. The amendments were applied at the rate of 10 Mg ha-1. Six years after the amendment application, only the addition of straw and pine mulch have shown a significant increase in soil organic carbon regarding the afforestation under bare soil conditions. Besides, this increase was also directly related with the increase in microbiological activity and aggregate stability. On the other hand, the addition of sewage sludge or cattle manure is not an effective treatment to favor the edaphic structure regarding the afforestation under unamended soils.

scholarly journals Optimization of Ginkgo biloba cultivation technology in open soil conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Kovalenko ◽  
G. О. Klymenko ◽  
R. А. Yaroschuk ◽  
М. І. Fedorchuk ◽  
O. A. Lykholat
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

In recent years, interest in cultivating Ginkgo biloba L. as a medicinal plant has grown in Ukraine, and improvement of the technology of growing this plant in the conditions of the North-East of Ukraine is a relevant problem. The purpose of this article to present research on the morphological structure, growth and viability of young G. biloba plants in grown from seeds by different technologies and comparative analysis of growth and development of G. biloba plants under greenhouse conditions and on open soil. The experiment on G. biloba cultivation was initiated in 2014 in three variants (the plants were grown from the seeds). Variant No 1: G. biloba growing in a greenhouse at 60–80% humidity and temperatures not below +27 ºС; shading (shading level 60%) by green agronetting. Variant No 2: growing in open soil; shading (shading level 60%) by green agronetting; the climatic conditions were typical for Sumy region. Variant No 3: growing in open soil; there was no shading; climatic conditions were typical for the Sumy region. Plant analysis was conducted in June 2018. The following morphometric parameters of G. biloba plants were measured: plant height, annual growth of shoots, number of leaves, leaf size and leaf area, phytomass of the shoots, phytomass of leaves and phytomass of the stem, diameter of the shoots. The sampling used 60 samples. The leaf area was determined by the method of drawing contours on millimeter paper. Statistical processing of research results was carried out by generally accepted modern methods of mathematical statistics using dispersion, correlation, regression and vital analysis. In the conditions of the Ukrainian North East, G. biloba seedlings can be grown successfully in greenhouses and open soil, both with 60% shade by agronetting and without it. Differences between the plants grown in such conditions are insignificant and statistically unreliable. The obtained three to four year old G. biloba seedlings grown using different technologies were 25–30 cm in height and formed 13–17 leaves per plant. The seedlings were of quite high viability (Q is 0.22–0.30) and morphostructural integrity (67.8%). The output of viable seedlings (vital classes “a” and “b”) in variant 1 was 60%, variant 2 45% and variant 3 60%. Ecological-cenotic stability of G. biloba was observed repeatedly, though certain limitations on G. biloba cultivation may be that the plant is photophilic and thermophilic. But the conducted experiments show that the climatic conditions of the Ukrainian North-East are quite favourable for this species. Based on the data obtained for the Ukrainian North-East, it is possible to recommend the technology of growing G. biloba seedlings in open soil without agronetting as quite effective and low-cost.

Forest soil rehabilitation with tillage and wood waste enhances seedling establishment but not height after 8 years

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1894-1906 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bulmer ◽  
K. Venner ◽  
C. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Wood Waste ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
One Year

We evaluated soil conditions of rehabilitated log landings in the Interior Douglas-fir biogeoclimatic zone of British Columbia during the first 3 years after treatment and the growth of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) on these log landings over 8 years. Rehabilitation treatments included combinations of tillage and the addition of either stockpiled topsoil or one of three organic amendments: hog fuel, sort-yard waste, and a wood waste – biosolids compost. The woody amendments were either applied as a surface mulch or incorporated into the soil after tillage. Tillage and addition of wood waste reduced soil bulk density and increased carbon content. Daytime soil temperatures in summer were lower under a hog fuel mulch than for the other treatments. The plots receiving hog fuel also had higher soil moisture content. One year after treatment, soil mechanical resistance for untreated soils, and those that were simply tilled, exceeded 2500 kPa for much of the growing season. Plots receiving wood waste had lower mechanical resistance. Use of wood waste in rehabilitation improved soil conditions and contributed to improved survival rates for planted lodgepole pine seedlings. Height growth after 8 years was not significantly affected by the treatments.

Discriminant pedological factors of in situ specific moisture and available water content of African soils

Agronomie ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Valet ◽  
Pascal Allemand
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Available Water Content

Evaluation of Pine Bark, Pine Bark With Wood, and Pine Tree Chips as Components of a Container Plant Growing Media

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Laiche ◽  
V.E. Nash
Keyword(s):  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Pine Bark ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Ligustrum Sinense ◽  
Pine Tree ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Low Solubility ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Very High ◽  
Container Plant

Three woody landscape species, Rhododendron indica ‘President Clay’, Ligustrum sinense ‘variegata’, and Ilex crenata ‘compacta’, were grown in media prepared from fresh pine bark, pine bark with wood, and pine tree chips. Although media were variable in physical properties, all exhibited very high hydraulic conductivity and low water holding capacity. The capacity of these media materials to hold fertilizer elements was very low. Nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus were rapidly removed by leaching while calciuum and magnesium were retained longer because of the low solubility of dolomitic limestone. Pine bark was the best growth media tested for all plant species. Pine bark with wood was less satisfactory than pine bark and growth was poorest in pine tree chips. More research is needed on the use of the organic amendments with greater amounts of wood before being widely used as organic components of growth media.

The Iterative Development and Testing of an Interactive Mobile Application for Skill Retention of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Among High School Students: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 104687812110326
Author(s):  
Adeel Arif ◽  
Amber Arif ◽  
Kimberly Anne Fasciglione ◽  
Farrukh Nadeem Jafri
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
School Students ◽  
Skill Retention ◽  
Before And After

Abstract: Background Locations concentrated with High School (HS) students tend to have lower out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival rates. Mobile applications (apps) have the capability to augment cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skill retention as a low-cost, accessible training method. Methods An iterative process to develop an app to reinforce CPR skills emphasizing hand placement, compression rate, real-time feedback, and recurring tips is described. The app was tested on HS students to measure its impact on quality and comfort of CPR using Likert surveys and skills assessments before and after one month of usage. CPR Score and compression rate were measured using the Laerdal™ Little Anne Manikin QCPR software. Results Fourteen HS students participated in a prospective observational study. It was found that the use of the developed app was associated with improved CPR performance (80.43% v. 87.86%, p=0.01-0.02, 95% CI=2.20-12.66) after one month. Additionally, improvements were demonstrated in compression rate accuracy (21.43% v. 64.29%, p=0.041, 95% CI=0.132-0.725), increased comfort performing CPR (3.86 v. 4.79, p<0.001, 95% CI =0.99-1.00) and comfort performing CPR on strangers (2.71 v. 4.42, p<0.001, 95% CI=1.24-2.19). In addition, for every time the app was used, CPR performance increased by 0.5668% (p=0.0182). Conclusion Findings suggest that mobile apps may have promising implications as augmentative tools for CPR curriculums.

scholarly journals A Sensitivity Analysis of the SPACSYS Model

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 624
Author(s):  
Yan Shan ◽  
Mingbin Huang ◽  
Paul Harris ◽  
Lianhai Wu
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Ecological Modelling ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Nutrient Inputs ◽  
Nutrient Pool ◽  
Wheat Field

A sensitivity analysis is critical for determining the relative importance of model parameters to their influence on the simulated outputs from a process-based model. In this study, a sensitivity analysis for the SPACSYS model, first published in Ecological Modelling (Wu, et al., 2007), was conducted with respect to changes in 61 input parameters and their influence on 27 output variables. Parameter sensitivity was conducted in a ‘one at a time’ manner and objectively assessed through a single statistical diagnostic (normalized root mean square deviation) which ranked parameters according to their influence of each output variable in turn. A winter wheat field experiment provided the case study data. Two sets of weather elements to represent different climatic conditions and four different soil types were specified, where results indicated little influence on these specifications for the identification of the most sensitive parameters. Soil conditions and management were found to affect the ranking of parameter sensitivities more strongly than weather conditions for the selected outputs. Parameters related to drainage were strongly influential for simulations of soil water dynamics, yield and biomass of wheat, runoff, and leaching from soil during individual and consecutive growing years. Wheat yield and biomass simulations were sensitive to the ‘ammonium immobilised fraction’ parameter that related to soil mineralization and immobilisation. Simulations of CO2 release from the soil and soil nutrient pool changes were most sensitive to external nutrient inputs and the process of denitrification, mineralization, and decomposition. This study provides important evidence of which SPACSYS parameters require the most care in their specification. Moving forward, this evidence can help direct efficient sampling and lab analyses for increased accuracy of such parameters. Results provide a useful reference for model users on which parameters are most influential for different simulation goals, which in turn provides better informed decision making for farmers and government policy alike.

scholarly journals Multidimensional Ln-Aminophthalate Photoluminescent Coordination Polymers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1786
Author(s):  
Carla Queirós ◽  
Chen Sun ◽  
Ana M. G. Silva ◽  
Baltazar de Castro ◽  
Juan Cabanillas-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The development of straightforward reproducible methods for the preparation of new photoluminescent coordination polymers (CPs) is an important goal in luminescence and chemical sensing fields. Isophthalic acid derivatives have been reported for a wide range of applications, and in addition to their relatively low cost, have encouraged its use in the preparation of novel lanthanide-based coordination polymers (LnCPs). Considering that the photoluminescent properties of these CPs are highly dependent on the existence of water molecules in the crystal structure, our research efforts are now focused on the preparation of CP with the lowest water content possible, while considering a green chemistry approach. One- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) LnCPs were prepared from 5-aminoisophthalic acid and Sm3+/Tb3+ using hydrothermal and/or microwave-assisted synthesis. The unprecedented LnCPs were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCRXD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their photoluminescence (PL) properties were studied in the solid state, at room temperature, using the CPs as powders and encapsulated in poly(methyl methacrylate (PMMA) films, envisaging the potential preparation of devices for sensing. The materials revealed interesting PL properties that depend on the dimensionality, metal ion, co-ligand used and water content.

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