scholarly journals Clinical measurement of intermalleolar distance in Western Indian population

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Renu Gupta ◽  
Ashish Kumar Nayyar ◽  
Surajit Ghatak
Keyword(s):  
Supine Position ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
Posture Change ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intermalleolar Distance ◽  
The Common ◽  
Angular Deformities

Background: Angular deformities around the knee are one of the common basis of presentation at orthopaedic clinic and intermalleolar distance (IMD) is an essential anthropometric tool for evaluation of the angular status of the lower limb.Methods: 500 healthy (330 male and 170 female) subjects between 20 to 40 years of age were taken for IMD measurement in standing and supine position by digital vernier caliper.Results: The normal range of IMD in western Indian population in between 32-58 mm. IMD in standing position was 42.47 mm with (95% CI = 40.51 to 44.42 mm) and in supine position was 34.45 mm with (95% CI = 32.78 to 36.13 mm). Mean IMD in male in standing position was 40.01 mm while in female it was 43.74 mm observed. Statically significant difference was observed in posture change and according to age.Conclusions: Significantly higher value in female, in standing position and in higher age group were observed. 

Multi-Scale Fractal Dimension to Quantify Heart Rate Variability and Systolic Blood Pressure Variability: A Postural Stress Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 1950019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikramjit Singh ◽  
Amit Gupta ◽  
J. S. Sohal ◽  
Amritpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Postural Stress ◽  
Difference Formula ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure Variability

This paper presents multi-scale fractal dimension (MFD) for the complexity assessment of heart rate variability (HRV) and systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) under postural stress. A comparison of MFD with multi-scale approximate entropy (MAE) at multiple time scales ([Formula: see text]–10) is presented. The simulations were conducted on 50 random noise (RN), fractional Brownian motion (fBm), and MIX(p) [ 1 ] series along with standard EuroBaVar dataset. Also, 50 healthy volunteers, 20 post-acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients participated in the study. It is observed that MFD and MAE decrease with [Formula: see text] for healthy volunteers and remained constant for post AMI and BRS failure patients. Average MFD of HRV in supine position is always significantly different than standing position scale except [Formula: see text], whereas the average MAE of HRV shows no significant difference ([Formula: see text]) between supine and standing postures at each [Formula: see text] except [Formula: see text] for healthy volunteers. Average MFD of HRV in supine position is significantly different than the standing position for [Formula: see text]–7, whereas the average MAE of HRV shows significant difference ([Formula: see text]) between supine and standing postures at [Formula: see text] for post AMI, and patients with impaired baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Average MFD of SBPV in position is significantly different ([Formula: see text]) than standing position at each [Formula: see text], whereas the average MAE of SBPV shows no significant difference ([Formula: see text]) between supine and standing postures at each [Formula: see text] except [Formula: see text]. The complexity of HRV in standing position is less than that of supine position as shown by lower MFD and MAE values in standing than that of supine position, however, the complexity of SBPV decreases from standing to supine position indicating prevalence of sympathetic control.

scholarly journals Measurement of Main Pulmonary Artery Diameter and its Ratio with Ascending Aorta in Indian Population by Multi Detector Computed Tomography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Gangadhar Dulli ◽  
HM Chandrashekar ◽  
J Naveen ◽  
Maskal Revanna Srinivas ◽  
Shreyas G Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
P Value ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Diameter

Introduction: An increase in Pulmonary Artery (PA) pressure is associated with an increase in its diameter. Hence, it is necessary to know the normal range of Main Pulmonary Artery Diameter (MPAD). An attempt has been made to know the same among the Indian population. Aim: To determine the normal range of reference values for diameter of Main Pulmonary Artery (MPA) and its relation with Ascending Aorta (AA) in Indian population. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2018 and September 2019 ((380 males, 120 females) between the age of 30-65 years). Data from the contrast CT scans of thorax of 500 subjects such as those patients with cough under evaluation, suspected lung nodule, chest wall lesions, primary or secondaries in the lung, etc., who visited the Department of Radio-diagnosis, in the Medical College of South India were analysed. Further, healthy population was also defined as those who were free from chronic cardiopulmonary illness in particular with regard to present study, which would affect the diameter of great vessels including that of PA and aorta. MPA and ascending aortic diameters were measured at the level of pulmonary artery bifurcation, viewed at fixed mediastinal window settings. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20, inferential statistics like Unpaired-t test were used to test the significant difference for variables between the two groups (males and females). The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The MPADs of whole population ranged between 15.6-31.6 mm, with mean diameter of 23.08±2.81 mm. Correlation between age and MPAD was statistically significant (p-value <0.001), while sex-specific MPAD was not significant. The mean AA diameter was 27.15±2.6 mm. The mean AA diameter in males was 27.76±3.2 mm, and 26.67±2.0 mm in females with statistical significance (p-value 0.001) between the groups. The diameter ratio of MPA to AA was 0.85. Conclusion: In present study, the normal ranges of diameter of PA and its ratio with AA were defined among Indians. The diameter ratio of MPA to AA appears to be more important, as it tends to normalise the effects of anthropomorphic factors.

Auswirkungen von Körperhaltung und Bewegungen von Kompressionsstrümpfen an verschiedenen Stellen an den Beinen

VASA ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirai
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Compression Therapy ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Elastic Stockings ◽  
Elastic Stocking

Background: In compression therapy, the importance of the degree of pressure has been emphasized. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of posture and exercise on the compression at different sites of the leg. Patients and methods: In 16 normal volunteers, the pressure was determined simultaneously at 5 sites on the leg during lying, sitting, standing, walking, running, knee-bending exercise and squatting using an air pack type analyzer. Pressure was measured under 3 experimental conditions: with a thigh-length gradient stocking, with foam rubber pads included under the elastic stocking, and after removal of both elastic stocking and compression pads. Results: When the stocking was worn, a pressure gradient was observed in the proximal direction during the sequence from the supine position to running. When the pads were included, the pressure in the supine position was significantly elevated at all sites examined, and the graduated pressure drop was also maintained from supine position to running. However, the pressure at the tibia was significantly higher than that at the gastrocnemius in both supine and sitting positions when the pads were used, while no significant difference was observed between both sites in the standing position. A marked increase in pressure at the ankle, gastrocnemius, and hollow of the knee was observed during squatting when the stocking was worn either with or without pads, while a significant decrease in pressure was observed at the tibia. Conclusion: The pressure exerted by elastic stockings varies with the posture and exercise. Furthermore, the changes in pressure vary from site to site.

Contribution of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Determining Lumpectomy Cavity in Breast Radiotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 997-1003
Author(s):  
Ozlem Demircioglu ◽  
Huseyin Tepetam ◽  
Ayfer Ay Eren ◽  
Zerrin Ozgen ◽  
Fatih Demircioglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Radiotherapy Planning ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Breast Radiotherapy ◽  
Lumpectomy Cavity ◽  
Breast Cancer Radiotherapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Ct And Mri

Background: Accurate localization of the lumpectomy cavity is important for breast cancer radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery (BCS), but the LC localization based on CT is often difficult to delineate accurately. The study aimed to compare CT-defined LC planning to MRI-defined findings in the supine position for higher soft-tissue resolution of MRI. Methods: Fifty-nine breast cancer patients underwent radiotherapy CT planning in supine position followed by MR imaging on the same day. LC was contoured by the radiologist and radiation oncologist together by CT and MRI separately. T2 weighted MR images and tomography findings were combined and the LC volume, mean diameter and the longest axis length were measured after contouring. Subsequently, patients were divided into two groups according to seroma in LC and the above-mentioned parameters were compared. Results: We did not find any statistically significant difference in the LC volume, mean diameter and length at the longest axis between CT and MRI but based on the presence or absence of seroma, statistically significant differences were found in the LC volumes and the length at the longest axis of LC volumes. Conclusion: We believe that the supine MRI in the same position with CT will be more effective for radiotherapy planning, particularly in patients without a seroma in the surgical cavity.

Increasing adolescent girls’ social competence through cognitive counseling by social workers

2021 ◽  
pp. 146801732110102
Author(s):  
Chau-kiu Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Social Competence ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Lower Education

Summary Despite the common basis of cognitive theory for cognitive counseling and social competence development, no research has charted the effectiveness of the counseling in raising social competence in young female residents of the residential service. To examine the effectiveness, this study analyzed data gleaned from monthly surveys of young female residents and their social workers regarding the latter’s daily life cognitive counseling. The data consisted of 391 cases pairing the female residents and social workers in Hong Kong over 33 months. Findings The cases afforded a cross-lagged analysis showing the raising of the girl’s social competence by the worker’s cognitive counseling earlier in the previous month. In substantiating this raising, the analysis also indicated that earlier social competence did not affect the counseling. Applications The findings imply the worth of promoting the social worker’s daily life cognitive counseling to advance girl residents’ social competence. Such counseling is particularly helpful to girls with lower education, who are lower in social competence.

Influence of submaximal isometric contractions of the hamstrings on electromyography activity and force while functioning as hip extensors

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dasom Oh ◽  
Wootaek Lim
Keyword(s):  
Prone Position ◽  
Supine Position ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Isometric Contractions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Extension Force ◽  
Long Head

BACKGROUND: Although the medial and lateral hamstrings are clearly distinct anatomically and have different functions in the transverse plane, they are often considered as one muscle during rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity between the prone position and the supine position during maximal isometric contraction and to additionally confirm the effect of submaximal isometric contractions on EMG activity of medial and lateral hamstrings, and force. METHODS: In the prone position, EMG activities of the long head of biceps femoris (BFLH) and semitendinosus (ST) were measured during the maximal isometric contraction. In the supine position, hip extension force with EMG activity were measured during the maximal and the submaximal isometric contractions. RESULTS: EMG activity in the prone position was significantly decreased in the supine position. In the supine position, there was a significant difference between the BFLH and ST during the maximal isometric contraction, but not during the submaximal isometric contractions. CONCLUSIONS: The dependence on the hamstrings could be relatively lower during hip extensions. When the medial and lateral hamstrings are considered separately, the lateral hamstrings may show a more active response, with increased muscle length, in clinical practice.

The Common Denominator of Land Classification in Canada: an Ecological Approach to Mapping

1980 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Land Classification ◽  
Ecological Land Classification ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
The Common

The cores and boundaries of land units are located by reference to relationships between climate, landform and biota in ecological land classification. This appeal to relationships, rather than to climate, or to geomorphology, or to soils, or to vegetation alone, provides the common basis for land classification.

INCIDENCE OF CRANIAL NERVE PARALYSIS IN POLIOMYELITIS IN RELATION TO PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF TONSILS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
F. H. Top
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Real Difference ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Cranial Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common

Evidence is presented from data covering the period 1940 to 1952 which corroborates the conclusion of previous studies that prior tonsillectomy probably adversely affects the occurrence of brainstem paralysis (bulbar and bulbospinal) in poliomyelitis. Neither this study nor any preceding studies relating to this problem have proved the contention. On the basis that the hypothesis is correct, an attempt is made to find an answer by studying the incidence of the common paralysis of cranial nerves (VII, IX and X and XI) in bulbar and bulbospinal cases of poliomyelitis on the basis of presence or absence of tonsils. Rates of incidence of paralysis of cranial nerves, not adjusted for age, indicate a decidedly higher proportion of paralysis of the facial nerve (VII) among nontonsillectomized patients whereas tonsillectomized persons are preportionately more affected by palatal and pharyngeal paralysis (nerves IX and X). Paralysis of the facial nerve appears from two studies to occur more commonly at earlier ages, particularly in the age group 0 to 4 years. However, age adjustment did not erase, although it did somewhat lower, the TR/TP ratio. This finding lends credence to a real difference but can only be applied to this study, as Paffenbarger in a smaller study found no significant difference in frequencies of paralysis of the facial nerve between groups with tonsils removed and tonsils present, and Southcott, also in a small study, found paralysis of the facial nerve more common among tonsillectomized patients with bulbar (includes bulbospinal) involvement. The differences noted for palatal and pharyngeal paralyses (nerves IX and X) in the unadjusted rates as between tonsillectomized and nontonsillectomized patients remain statistically different and in some instances significant when corrections for age are made. The results of this study are suggestive but give no entirely satisfactory explanation for the differences noted. Various explanations previously offered are cited and briefly discussed. Perhaps more definitive studies in animals along the approach suggested by Southcott will prove more fruitful, namely, labelling virus by some radioactive element in order to trace the route it takes to the central nervous system.

Correlation Between Intestinal Microflora and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Elderly Patients with Sepsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1030-1037
Author(s):  
Hailing Yang ◽  
Xiaolin Zhang ◽  
Weijun Chen ◽  
Libo Shang ◽  
Bin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Sepsis Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Common ◽  
Wbc Count

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a key factor that leads to death in elderly patients with sepsis. Therefore, early prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction (GIDF) in elderly patients with sepsis is an important measure to prevent MODS occurrence. This research explores the correlation between intestinal microflora and GIDF in elderly patients with sepsis and provides ideas for the prevention and treatment of GIDF in elderly patients with sepsis. In this study, 152 patients with sepsis (122 patients with sepsis and GIDF) treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine from January to September 2019 were selected as the sepsis group and 100 elderly who had normal physical examination results were selected as the control group. The common intestinal microflora of the two groups was compared. Patients with sepsis and GIDF were treated as the GIDF group and the other patients with sepsis were treated as the non-GIDF group. The common intestinal microflora, gastrointestinal indicators, serum inflammatory factors, and immune function indices were compared between the two groups. Correlation analysis of the observed indices with statistical significance was carried out. The results showed 152 patients with sepsis and 122 patients with sepsis and GIDF; thus, the incidence of sepsis with GIDF was 80.26%. The total average score of sepsis with GIDF was 3.61±0.09. There was no statistically significant difference in GIDF scores of patients ages 65–75 and > 75 years old. The number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in elderly patients with sepsis was lower and the number of Escherichia coli was higher than in the control group. In elderly patients with sepsis, the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the GIDF group was lower and the number of E. coli was higher than in the non-GIDF group. White blood cell (WBC) count, procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), gastrin (GAS), and diamine oxidase (DAO) in GIDF patients were higher and motilin (MOT), CIT (CIT), CD4+, and CD8+ were lower than in the non-GIDF group. WBC count, PCT, CRP, TNF-α, GAS, and DAO were negatively correlated with the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus but positively correlated with E. coli. MOT, CIT, CD4+, and CD8+ were positively correlated with the number of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus but negatively correlated with E. coli. There was a negative correlation between Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus and GIDF score and a positive correlation between E. coli and GIDF score. Therefore, the change in the intestinal microflora in elderly patients with sepsis is related to GIDF.

Comparison of stirrup lengths chosen for flatwork by novice and experienced riders

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Andrews-Rudd ◽  
C. Farmer-Day ◽  
H.M. Clayton ◽  
J.M. Williams ◽  
D.J. Marlin
Keyword(s):  
Standing Position ◽  
Knee Angle ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Greater Trochanter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Function ◽  
Leg Position ◽  
Combined Data

Although stirrups may be considered an essential part of equestrian equipment, there is little research describing their use and function. The aim of the present study was to compare stirrup lengths chosen for flatwork by novice and experienced riders, and to measure the associated leg position and knee angles. Ten novice and ten experienced riders, with kinematic markers attached to their greater trochanter, lateral femoral epicondyle, and lateral fibular malleolus, mounted three horses and a mechanical horse. The riders selected an appropriate stirrup length for flatwork by adjusting the unnumbered stirrup leathers. Stirrup length was measured and expressed as a percentage of the rider’s leg length measured from the greater trochanter to the floor when standing. Lateral photographs were taken from both sides with the riders mounted on each horse in a standing position. The kinematic markers were digitised to measure knee angle and ankle position relative to the hip in the anteroposterior direction. Within riders, there was no significant difference in stirrup length between the three live horses or between the mechanical horse and live horse. Experienced riders consistently selected a significantly longer stirrup length as a percentage of their leg length compared with novice riders (combined data for live horses and mechanical horse; P=0.005). Experienced riders demonstrated a significantly larger knee angle (combined data for live horses and mechanical horse) compared with novice riders (118±8° and 109±7°, respectively; P=0.016). Novice riders had a significantly larger knee angle on the mechanical horse compared with the live horse (115±9° versus 107±9°, respectively; P=0.003). The relatively longer stirrup length selected by experienced riders is thought to reflect the development of an independent seat, which implies the ability to move the legs independently of the pelvis. The chair seat adopted by novice riders on the mechanical horse could be considered counter to improving their equitation skills.

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