scholarly journals Dynamics of contraceptive use among women attending multi-speciality hospital in Faridabad district of Haryana

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1621
Author(s):  
Shweta Mendiratta ◽  
Bhushan D. Kamble ◽  
Pooja Chaudhary Thukral
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Barrier Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Specialty Hospital ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Study Population

Background: Population of India is growing at a very fast rate while its resources are limited which will lead to decrease in per capita availability of resources. Contraceptive methods are the simplest way to address this issue of population explosion by preventing the unwanted pregnancies. The objective of this study was to assess awareness and practices regarding contraceptive use and its determinants among women attending gynecology OPD of multi-specialty hospital in Faridabad district of Haryana.  Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned among 200 patients from gynecology OPD in a multi-specialty hospital of Faridabad district of Haryana. The questionnaire consisted of questions about socio-demographic data and data related contractive awareness and practices. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 21.0.Results: Mean age of study subjects was 29.4±4.3 years. Out of 200 participants, about one fourth (77.5%) were aware about contraception and more than half (59.5%) of them were using contraception methods. Factors like age and education status, occupation and area of residence were found to be statistically significantly (p<0.001) associated with contraception knowledge and practice. Barrier method was most common method of contraception followed by Oral contraceptive pills.Conclusions: This study concludes that knowledge about contraception was high as about one fourth (77.5%) were aware about contraception while practice of contraception was relatively low as compare to knowledge as two fifth (40.5%) of them were not using any contraception methods. So, there is a need to increase awareness about importance of contraception practice among study population.

scholarly journals Factors affecting Early Age Marriage in Dhankuta Municipality, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Sah ◽  
K Gaurav ◽  
DD Baral ◽  
L Subedi ◽  
N Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies

Background: Child marriage is a substantial barrier to social and economic development in Nepal, and a primary concern for women’s health. Little evidence from Nepal is available regarding the ways in which early marriage may compromise young women’s lives and their reproductive health and choices. The objectives of this study was to find out the factors associated with early age marriages in Dhankuta Municipality. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of Dhankuta municipality, Nepal; where 246 households were taken as subjects. Pretested semi-structured questionnaire was administered to the study subjects and face to face interview was conducted. Chi-square test was applied to find out the association between factors and age of marriages. Results: Almost 53.3% of women were married before age 18 years. Education of wife and husband, and economic status are found to be the important variables in explaining early age marriage. Prevalence of child marriage was higher in Hindu than in Buddhist and Christian women but the difference was not significant. Age of marriage was not significantly associated with contraceptive use. Unwanted pregnancies were higher in early age marriage. It was also seen that unwanted pregnancies was higher (59.3%) than wanted pregnancies (48.6%). Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that early age marriage was associated with low education and being poor. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 03 | Number 01 | January-June 2014 | Page 26-30 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10354

scholarly journals Oculo-Visual Findings among Industrial Mine Workers at Goldfields Ghana Limited, Tarkwa

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. OED.S9204 ◽  
Author(s):  
GO Ovenseri-Ogbomo ◽  
S Ocansey ◽  
EK Abu ◽  
S Kyei ◽  
SB Boadi-Kusi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Status ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mine Workers

Objective The focus of this study was to evaluate the visual status of mine workers who were directly involved in mining and/or are exposed to the mining environment. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted. Four hundred and six (406) workers were conveniently sampled for the study. Information on their socio-demographic data was also collected. In addition, all participants underwent ophthalmic examination. Results The mean age of the workers was 41.1 years. Visual impairment was found in 114 (28.1%) of the study population of which refractive error (56.8%) was the major cause. Presbyopia was also observed in 45.5% of the workers with only 30.3% of them wearing near correction. The prevalence of eye diseases were pterygium/pingueculae (25.8%), conjunctivitis (26.8%), suspected glaucoma (15.3%), and cataract (7.4%). Conclusions Visual impairment and eye diseases were found among the miners.

scholarly journals Prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH defects in Sudanese children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Elhassan Abdalla ◽  
Amal Hussein Abuaffan ◽  
Arthur Musakulu Kemoli
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Background: Molar incisos hypomineralization (MIH) has serious impact on oral health-related quality of life for a child, due to its effects on tooth structure, aesthetics and behavior of the child. The current study was designed to determine the prevalence, pattern and distribution of MIH in school children in Sudan.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study involving 568 children, aged 8-11 years from schools in Khartoum State. After collecting their socio-demographic data, the children were examined for hypomineralization on the 12 MIH indexed teeth, and assessed on the MIH pattern and distribution. The data collected were analyzed to obtain descriptive statstics, and the results related to the socio-demographic and other dental-related factors of the children using chi-square test and Spearman Rank Correlation, with the significant level set at p<0.05.Results: The prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%. Majority of the affected teeth were permanent first molars (PFMs) (12.5%), but there was no statistical significant difference between the occurrence of hypomineralization on mandibular and maxillary molars (p=0.22). However, in the case of incisors, there was a statistical significant difference between the maxillary incisors that had higher hypomineralization rate when related to the mandibular incisors ( p=0.00). In terms of the pattern of hypomineralization, demarcated opacities were the commonest MIH defects (69.9%) in the study group.Conclusions: While the prevalence of MIH in the study population was 20.1%, both molars and incisor teeth were frequently affected in both dental arches, and the demarcated opacity type were the most frequent form of defect found in the teeth of the participants.

scholarly journals Factors Associated to the Decision to Terminate or not an Unwanted Pregnancy among a Sample of Civil Servant in São Paulo State, Brazil.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Silvana Ferreira Bento ◽  
Silvana Ferreira Bento ◽  
Karla Simônia de Pádua ◽  
Karla Simônia de Pádua ◽  
Graciana Alves Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Barrier Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
São Paulo State

This is a cross sectional study of a sample of civil servants from the interior of São Paulo state, carried out with the purpose of evaluating the occurrence of unwanted pregnancies, the proportion which were terminated, the reason given for having or not having an abortion and which factors were associated to the decision whether or not to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. Just over one fifth declared to have experienced an unwanted pregnancy and over half of them were aborted. The reasons to abort concentrate on interferance with their life expectancy: “to continue studying or working” “being single”, “too young to get married” and “to become a father or mother”. Also important were fear of parents and rejection by the respondents'partner. Among those who did not terminate the unwanted pregnancy religion acted as a barrier among almost one third and the legal barrier for almost one fourth. Not having a permanent partner, being in use of behavioral or barrier method of contraception and higher education were associated with higher incidence of abortion of the unwanted pregnancy, but in multiple regression, only higher education remain significantly associated. Our results showed that once the unwanted pregnancy occur, more than half of them will be aborted, confirming the need to concentrate the efforts in reducing unwanted pregnancies if we want to prevent abortion.

scholarly journals Association of IL-17A -197G/A (rs2275913) Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Rheumatoid Arthritis in Sudanese Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rgda Mohamed Osman ◽  
Mounkaila Noma ◽  
Abdallah Elssir Ahmed ◽  
Rihab Ali Omer ◽  
Musab M. Ali Albsheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Pearson's Correlation

Abstract Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. The aim of this study is to determine the association of IL-17A -197G/A polymorphism with RA in Sudanese Patients. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between March and December, 2018. Clinical and demographic data of the study participants were collected and analysed. All statistical tests were considered as statistically significant when p < 0.05.Results: The study population included 266 participants, 166 (63.1%) were females [mean age 41.4 ± 15.5 years] and 97 (36.9%) were males [mean age 36.2 ± 16.0 years]. Of the 266 participants, 31% (85/266) were RA cases and 69% (181/266) were healthy controls. Prevalence of IL-17A genotypes among the study population was 52.6% (140/266) were AG heterozygote genotype, 38.4% (102/266) were AA homozygote genotype, and 9.0% (24/266) were GG homozygote genotype. Correlation of IL-17A genotypes was negatively statistically significant based on participants clinical status, and family history of RA, Pearson’s correlation [r = -0.392, P value 0.001] and [r = -0.226, P value 0.001], respectively, while positively statistically significant with gender, Pearson’s correlation [r = 0.140, P value 0.023]. Based on the duration of RA, no statistically significant correlation was observed, Pearson’s correlation [ r = -0.138, P value 0.207].

scholarly journals Fear of COVID-19 among nurses in mobile COVID-19 testing units in Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros A Galanis ◽  
Emmanouela Petrogianni ◽  
Irene Vraka ◽  
Olympia Konstantakopoulou ◽  
Olga Siskou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Health Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Post Traumatic

Background: Mobile COVID-19 testing units are used worldwide to test quickly and easily individuals for COVID-19. Aim: To assess the level of fear of COVID-19 among nurses in mobile COVID-19 testing units and compare it with demographic characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during November and December 2020. Study population included 57 nurses working in mobile COVID-19 testing units in Attica, Greece. We collected demographic data from the nurses, i.e. gender, age, marital status, children, living status (alone or with others), clinical experience, and chronic disease. We used the fear of COVID-19 scale to measure fear of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The mean score on the fear of COVID-19 scale was 14.3. Among nurses, 31.6% experienced elevated fear indicative of presence of anxiety symptoms, while the respective percentages for health anxiety and post-traumatic stress symptomatology were 22.8% and 17.5%. Fear of COVID-19 was not affected by demographic variables. However, fear was higher in females, nurses who had children and nurses who lived with others. Increased clinical experience was related with decreased fear. Conclusions: Creating a secure work environment for nurses in these units could decrease fear of COVID-19 and increase work performance.

scholarly journals Otorhinolaryngological diseases of Geriatric visiting Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal: An Overview of neglected and underrated field

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
Neeta Shakya Malla ◽  
Supri Raj Shrestha ◽  
Deepa Shah
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Study Population ◽  
One Year

Background and Objectives: In Nepal, person aged 60 years and above is considered elderly. The population of Nepal is approximately 30 million, and people aged 60 years and above makes about one tenth of the total population. This study aims to report the main complaints and prevalence of otorhinolaryngological diseases in patients aged 60 years and above, who visited outpatient otolaryngology department of Manmohan Memorial College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal during study period. Material and Methods: It is a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study done in Manmohan Memorial College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal for the duration of a year. All patients aged 60 years and above attending to Ear, Nose and throat (ENT) Outpatient Department were included in the study. The information including demographic data, ENT Complaints and physical examination were noted. Analysis of data was done and report was prepared. Results: Total of six hundred and ninety three patients were enrolled over the period of one year for the study. Number of Male and female patients in the study were almost equal. The otological problems had the highest prevalence constituting 51.7% of the study population. More than Twenty eight (28.3 %) percent had oral and oropharyngeal pathologies. Nasal complaints constituted 10.8% of the study population and 9.2% had pathologies related to neck and others. Conclusion: Hearing loss is the most common diagnosis among all the otological pathologies and epistaxis the most common nasal problem. Head and Neck malignancy is also increasing among the geriatric population.

scholarly journals Pattern of Contraceptive Used by Tribal Couples of Chattogram Hill Tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-160
Author(s):  
Farzana Zafreen ◽  
Md Abdul Wahab ◽  
Md Abdur Razzak ◽  
Md Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Contraceptive User ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Study Population

Introduction: Chattogram hill tract is the least economically developed area of Bangladesh where, education and health care facilities are hard to reach. Pattern of contraceptive use depends on couples’ socio-cultural, education and economic condition. Objective: To find out the pattern of contraceptive used by selected tribal couples of Guimara Upazila of Khagrachari District. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2016 to March 2017 on 145 married women age ranging from 15 to 45 years reported to outpatient department of Border Guard Hospital, Guimara, Khagrachari were selected purposively after informed written consent. All the necessary data were collected in a pretested structured questionnaire by face to face interview. Results: Among the 145 respondents highest 50.3% was in age group of 15-25 years. Respondents’ ethnicity was Marma 37.9%, Tripura 38.6% and Chakma 23.5%. Majority 52.4% of the respondents’ profession was farming, 68.3% was illiterate and 55.9% had monthly family income less than five thousand Taka. Only 39.3% respondents were using various types of contraceptives. Among the ethnic groups 47.1 Chakma, 39.3% Tripura and 34.5% Marma respondents were using contraceptives. Among the contraceptive user, 93% were using temporary methods and only 7% using permanent methods. Among the contraceptives users oral contraceptive pill (OCP) was highest 56.1% followed by condom 15.8% and injectable 8.8%. Respondents got information about contraceptives mostly from family planning workers 50.9% followed by relatives 19.3%. Conclusion: Majority of the tribal couple of this study population were not using any contraceptives. Those couple were using contraceptives among them OCP was most common. Appropriate measure should be taken to increase the contraceptive use rate by tribal couples of Chattogram Hill Tracts. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 15, No 2 (December) 2019: 158-160

scholarly journals Knowledge of and attitudes towards family planning by male teachers in the Islamic Republic of Iran

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025
Author(s):  
R. Tavakoli ◽  
H. Rashidi Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Teachers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Study Population

A cross-sectional study was carried out on knowledge of and attitudes to family planning in male teachers working in the education system in Teheran. We found that 65% of the study population had acceptable knowledge regarding the issue. More than 95% of respondents reported having a favourable attitude towards the implementation of family planning programmes and about 90% believed that decision-making regarding use of contraceptives should be a joint process. To improve the planning and administration of family planning programmes, the main variables identified in this study should be further investigated in different population groups. Addressing men in family planning programmes may improve their success and lead to increased contraceptive use

scholarly journals Study of number of children preferred and knowledge, attitude, practice regarding birth spacing and contraception among primigravida in urban setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
C. G. Raghavendra Vailaya ◽  
C. R. Shubha Vailaya
Keyword(s):  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Birth Spacing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancies ◽  
Female Literacy

Background: Overpopulation is a major problem in 21st century India. 2012 census shows birth rate of 20.97/1000 people and death rate of 7.48/1000 people. Fertility rate in 2019 was 2.28 children per women. Many states implemented 2 child norms. Purpose of study is to understand the number of children preferred.Methods: A Cross sectional study was done amongst 200 primigravida women who attended antenatal clinic at SMC, Shimoga. A predesigned and pretested standard Questionnaire was used to know the number of children preferred, KAP about birth spacing, contraceptive use and unsafe abortions using objective questions.Results: Most women preferred 2 child norms across most subclasses. Most Muslims (85.7%) preferred ≥3 children. Though 100% were aware of family planning, only 46% chose to space their next pregnancy. 56.5% were in support of 2-child norm. Family pressure plays crucial role in 83.5% cases and 65.5% still opted sterilization as the first choice for contraception.Conclusions: India with high population density is staring at demographic disaster due to limited life resources. Right attitude towards birth spacing, contraceptive use, avoidance unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions is needed. Better female literacy, societal awareness and good medical facility at last mile is crucial. Male partner’s involvement in every step is vital.

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