scholarly journals Esophageal atresia and Tracheoesophageal fistula with associated anomalies in a tertiary care hospital of north India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 3456
Author(s):  
Jagdeesh Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Esophageal Atresia ◽  
Tracheoesophageal Fistula ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
North India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Associated Anomalies ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Background: Esophageal atresia (EA) with or without Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) has been described as the epitome of pediatric surgery and the management of these neonates require high degree of skill, manpower and tertiary care. This clinical study was undertaken to identify the EA and TEF cases along with the pattern of associated anomalies causing mortality in Varanasi .Methods: This prospective study included 53 patients of EA with TEF who underwent primary esophageal anastomosis. Their clinical profile, time of presentation, various associated anomalies, sex distribution, and their effect on mortality and morbidity were observed.Results: Mortality was high (41.64%) among patients who reached the tertiary centre late i.e. >24 hours. The incidence of low birth weight babies is approximately 75% and mortality rate increased with low birth weight. Almost 2/3 of patients had clinical or radiological evidence of pneumonia. The mortality was very high in severe pneumonia 66.7% as compared to 15% patients without pneumonia. Septicaemia and leak were most common complications. The mortality in septicemic patients is high (77.8%). The overall incidence of associated anomalies was 47%. Early surgical intervention improved the survival of EA with TEF with major GIT associated anomalies. The overall survival rate was 60.37% and mortality was 39.67%.Conclusions: Although we have improved a lot in managing these cases of EA with TEF, but we have to do much more to achieve our goal of near 100% survival. 

scholarly journals Severe anemia and adverse pregnancy outcome in a tertiary care hospital in North India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Premlata Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
North India ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Anaemia is commonest medical disorder in pregnancy with 88% prevalence in India mainly due to ignorance, poverty and gender bias. 40-60% of maternal deaths in developing countries. According to the recent standard laid down by WHO anemia is present when the hemoglobin (Hb) concentration in the peripheral blood is less than 11 gm/dl. The most common cause of anemia in pregnancy is iron deficiency. Anemia is diagnosed by estimating the hemoglobin concentration and examining a peripheral blood smear for the characteristic red blood cell changes. The aim of the study was to determine the association between severe anemia, maternal and perinatal complications.Methods: Case control study was done in department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences Ranchi, India from February 2016 to July 2016. 100 pregnant women, admitted for delivery and having severe anemia were studied and compared with 100 non-anaemic women of similar demographic features. Maternal and perinatal complications were observed. Pearson, chi-square and Fischer exact tests were used to calculate significance of results.Results: Of the severely anaemic mothers, 36% babies were low birth weight (p=0.042) and 20% were small for gestational age (p = 0.026), as compared to 18% and 10% of controls, respectively.Conclusions: Severe maternal anemia carries significant risk of hemorrhage and infection in the mother. It is also associated with preterm birth, low birth weight.

scholarly journals Changing pattern of birth weight over a decade in rural India

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidyadhar B. Bangal ◽  
Satyajit P. Gavhane ◽  
Swati D. Gagare ◽  
Kunal H. Aher ◽  
Dhruval K. Bhavsar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Government

Background: Birth weight is one of the important determinants of neonatal wellbeing. Birth weight has many determinants that mainly include maternal nutritional status and the term of gestation. Low birth weight is associated with high neonatal and childhood mortality and morbidity. Over the years the birth weight is showing the increasing trend in developing countries like India. The study aimed at finding out the changing pattern of birth weight over a decade in rural India.Methods: A retrospective analysis of over 45,000 births that took place in Tertiary care hospital from year 2008-2017was undertaken. The socio economic determinants of birth weight were studied.Results: The incidence of low birth weight declined from 47 percent to 35 percent over ten years. The mean rise in birth weight in ten years was observed in both male (176 grams) and female (151grams).The incidence of very low birth and extremely low birth was found declined. There was positive co relationship between improved birth weight and improved socio economic status, delay in age at marriage, higher maternal weight gain during pregnancy, improved pre pregnancy nutritional status of women.Conclusions: There is steady decline in incidence of low birth weight over last ten years in study area. Improved maternal health, better nutrition, improved quality of antenatal care and various efforts and actions from the government side have contributed in improving the birth weight.

scholarly journals Morbidity profile and immediate outcome of low birth weight neonates in a rural tertiary care hospital of Gujarat, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1272
Author(s):  
Manish Rasania ◽  
Sunil Pathak ◽  
Prerna Dogra ◽  
Ayushi Jain ◽  
Neil Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Normal Birth Weight ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Normal Birth ◽  
Partnership Model

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) has been defined as a birth weight of <2.5 kilogram regardless of gestational age. In India, every 3rd born child is of LBW. LBW is associated with increased neonatal mortality and morbidity, compromised growth and cognitive development.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study using previously collected data from January 2015 to December 2015.Results: Out of 1238 live births, 485 (39.17%) were LBW. 456(94.01%) were LBW weighing >1500 grams (LBW), 22(4.53%) were VLBW, and 07(1.44%) were ELBW. 361(74.43%) were LBW2 (birth weight ≥2000 - <2500 grams), 95(19.58%) were LBW1 (birth weight ≥1500 - <2000 grams). 289(59.58%) of LBW neonates were full term. SNCU admission is significantly higher in LBW neonates (25.8% vs 9.61%). Morbidities were higher in LBW neonates compared to normal birth weight neonates. Difference was more significant in incidence of sepsis (3.72% vs 0.83%), RDS (2.19% vs 0%), TTN (5.48% vs 2.36%), hypoglycemia (1.31% vs 0%), feed intolerance (1.09% vs 0%) and risk of major congenital malformation (1.97% vs 0.27%). Need for respiratory support was 4.82% in LBW vs 2.36% in normal birth weight neonates. Morbidities were significantly higher in VLBW and ELBW neonates. Immediate poor outcome was in 3.92% in LBW neonates, while it was 0.56% in normal weight neonates. Poor immediate outcome was 1.11% in LBW2, 2.10% in LBW1, 10% in VLBW1, 41.66% IN VLBW2, and 100% in ELBW.Conclusions: LBW neonates are at higher risk of morbidities and mortalities. The major determinant for mortality in LBW babies is the birth weight. The best option to prevent LBW is by improving maternal health. Improvement of perinatal and neonatal services   in government sector and public private partnership model of free neonatal care can help to achieve the INAP goal of NMR <10 by 2030. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of maternal periodontitis and its association with preterm and low birth weight infants: a hospital-based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1767
Author(s):  
Priyanka S. ◽  
Sowmya Koteshwara ◽  
Anitha Subappa
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Gestational Age At Delivery

Background: Preterm deliveries and low birth are important causes of infant mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal periodontitis and preterm and low birth weight at delivery and to correlate the severity of periodontitis with obstetric outcome.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in Outpatient Department of Tertiary Care Hospital. Pregnant women who had regular antenatal checkup at were screened clinically for periodontitis. Those who were diagnosed with periodontitis and satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered as cases (n=45) and equal number of pregnant women without periodontal disease (n=45) were included in the study as controls. These patients were followed up and gestational age at delivery and baby’s birth weight was noted and correlated to the maternal periodontal status.Results: The prevalence of maternal periodontitis was found to be 11.4%. Mean age, socioeconomic status and educational status was comparable. 33.3%, 40% of the cases v/s 17.8%, 24.4% of controls had preterm deliveries and LBW infants respectively. 26.8% of cases with mild periodontitis and all cases of moderate and severe periodontitis had preterm birth. Additionally, 34.1% of cases with mild periodontitis and all cases with moderate and severe periodontitis had low birth weight infants (p=0.02).Conclusions: Maternal periodontitis is found to be associated with preterm and low birth weight deliveries. The severity of periodontitis is inversely related to gestational age at delivery and birth weight of infant. Thus, periodontitis is suggested to be a modifiable risk factor for preterm and low birth deliveries.

scholarly journals Study of risk factors leading to poor outcomes in severe pneumonia age 2M-60M in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1270
Author(s):  
Mohammed Abdul Rahman ◽  
Sowjanya Bhanu Veera ◽  
Venkata Priyanka Dandugula
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: Childhood pneumonia is the single leading cause of mortality in children aged less than 5 years. Most cases occur in India (43 million); pneumonia is responsible for about 19% of all deaths in children aged less than 5 years. According to Child Health and Epidemiology Reference Group (CHERG) latest estimates, Pneumonia was responsible for 0.397 million of a total estimated 1.682 million under-five deaths in India.Methods: A hospital based prospective longitudinal study. In the present study 200 cases belong to age group 2 months to 5 years  fulfilling WHO criteria for pneumonia who were  attended to the department of paediatrics, Siddhartha medical college  from January 2017 to January 2018 were evaluated the risk factors in relation to their outcomes after obtaining consentResults: Out of 200 children with severe pneumonia  11 risk factors are studied for significance against outcomes like Death of the patient, mechanical ventilation oxygen supplementation, hospital stay of patient and total duration of illness, Risk factors found to be significant are maternal literacy (p =0.0002617), malnutrition (p <0.00001), exclusive  breastfeeding (p <0.05), low birth weight (p <0.05), immunisation (p=0.01).Conclusions: Severe malnutrition, maternal illiteracy, exclusive breast feeding, improper immunization and low birth weight are having a significant association with poor outcomes in children with severe pneumonia. Proper preventive strategies to decrease the incidence of these risk factors can help in increasing the survival rate of children with severe pneumonia.

scholarly journals Frequency, risk factors and materno-foetal outcomes among cases of Placenta previa at a tertiary care hospital: a two year study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 2240
Author(s):  
Pamulaparthi Bindu Reddy ◽  
Gurram Swetha Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Early Date

Background: Placenta previa refers to the presence of placental tissue that extends over the internal cervical os.  Placenta previa is linked to maternal hypovolemia, anaemia, and long hospital stay and with prematurity, low birth weight, low APGAR score in newborn. So it is very important to identify the condition at an early date to warn the condition thereby reducing the maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality. The present study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of PP, its associated predisposing risk factors and maternal morbidity, mortality and the perinatal outcome.Methods: A prospective observational study for two years was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Pregnant mothers with >28 weeks of age with H/o ante partum haemorrhage were screened for placenta previa, confirmed by ultra sonography and included in the study. Clinical history, obstetric examination was done and followed up till the delivery. Maternal and foetal outcomes were recorded. Data analyzed by using SPSS version 20.Results: 1.4% incidence of PP was noted, mean age of group was 29.17±1.6 years. Age group of 21-30 years, multiparity Gravida 2-4, previous history of caesarean section and less number of ante natal checkups were significant risk factors and LSCS was most common outcome. Prematurity, low birth weight and APGAR <7 score for 1 minute was common foetal outcomes.Conclusions: Our study strongly suggests foetal surveillance programmes in cases of placenta previa. Measures should be made to bring awareness about PP, in urban slums and to increase medical checkups regularly. Making USG mandatory during every ANC and referral of cases of PP to tertiary care centres would definitely reduce the chances of morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals A profile on the spectrum of neonatal mortality and morbidity pattern of extramural neonates in the Specialised Neonatal Care Unit (SNCU) in a tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha D. ◽  
Rajesh Kumar S. ◽  
Aravind M. A. ◽  
Jayakumar M. ◽  
J. Ganesh J.
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Birth Asphyxia ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Deaths

Background: Every year, nearly four million newborn babies die in the first month of life. India carries the single largest share (around 25-30%) of neonatal deaths in the world. Neonatal deaths constitute two thirds of infant deaths in India. 45% of the deaths occur within the first two days of life. It has been estimated that about 70% of neonatal deaths could be prevented if proven interventions are implemented effectively at the appropriate time. It was further estimated that health facility-based interventions can reduce neonatal mortality by 23-50% in different settings. Facility-based newborn care, thus, has a significant potential for improving the survival of newborns in India. This research has been planned with an aim to study the profile of pattern of admissions in a SNCU and their outcomes following admission and management in the unit.Methods: All babies referred for neonatal problems (less than 28 days) and admitted in NICU will be included. Both term and preterm babies will be considered. The criteria for admission includes various causes like low birth weight, preterm, birth asphyxia, respiratory distress, hyperbilirubinemia, congenital anomalies, risk factors (maternal, neonatal, prenatal), infections and outcome will be analysed.Results: Among the 2927 admissions term babies and boys outnumbered. The common causes for admission were birth asphyxia, respiratory distress, low birthweight and preterm. Most babies had an uncomplicated stay. The mortality in the extramural neonates was due to neonatal sepsis, extreme preterm and congenital malformations.Conclusions: Intensive and interventional management, along with good neonatal monitoring and care can reduce the mortality and improve the survival of low birth weight babies and other treatable problems. Thus, a combined effort of management by pediatricians, nursing care, neonatal intensive care unit can improve the survival rates of neonates.

scholarly journals Clinico-Demographic Profile and Pregnancy Outcome in Placenta Previa: A Study from Tertiary Care Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-4
Author(s):  
Husneyara Haque ◽  
Upendra Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Care Hospital

Introduction: Placenta previa is an obstetric complication which causes considerable maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. This study is done with the objective to find out the clinico-demographic factors associated with placenta previa and to analyze maternal and perinatal outcome in these cases. Methods: This was a retrospective study done in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Nepalgunj, a tertiary care hospital from Midwestern Nepal. Relevant data were retrieved from maternity register from June 2015 to May 2017. All women who had undergone caesarean section for placenta previa were included in this study. Result: Out of total 5812 deliveries during the study period there were 50 caesarian sections done for placenta previa which is 0.86% of total deliveries. Maximum number of mothers belonged to 26- 30 years of age group. Commonest type of placenta previa was minor type. About 72% were multiparous. 20% had previous LSCS and 24% had previous abortion. Postpartum hemorrhage was present in 36% mothers and 32% received blood transfusion. About 64% new born were preterm and low birth weight. 34% babies had less than 7 apgar score at 5 min. Still births were 6%. Conclusion: Placenta previa poses greater risk and need of blood transfusion to mother as well as birth of preterm and low birth weight babies which leads to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis, regular antenatal check up and effective management may improve pregnancy outcome.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on demographic factors affecting low birth weight

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 4896
Author(s):  
Renu Sulakhe Vasant ◽  
Lavanya K. M. Rao ◽  
Nageswara Rao V.
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting

Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the commonest cause for infant and childhood morbidity and mortality. The majority of low birth weight in developing countries is due to intrauterine growth retardation, while most low birth weight in industrialized countries is due to preterm birth. LBW is the single most important factor determining the survival chances of the child. The objectives of the study were to assess the proportion of low birth weight among babies delivered by mothers at a tertiary care hospital and to analyse the relationship between low birth weight and certain socio-demographic factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care centre for a period of six months.Results: The prevalence of LBW was 23.5%. The proportion of mothers having low birth weight was maximum in women aged less than 18 years (35%) and more than 30 years (26.5%). Muslim women had a higher proportion of LBW (28.8%). LBW was more in women belonging to joint family (30.0%), low per capita income group and illiterates.Conclusions: The prevalence of LBW still continues to be high, almost one fourth of the babies are LBW. Different socio-demographic characteristics of the population are still the important factors determining the occurrence of LBW.

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