scholarly journals Assessment of bacteriological profile and outcome of empyema thoracis in hospitalized children in a tertiary care hospital of Raipur city, Chhattisgarh, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1914
Author(s):  
Aradhana Toppo ◽  
Shruti Yadu
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Empyema Thoracis ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lung Expansion ◽  
Streptococcal Species ◽  
The Right

Background: An empyema is a purulent collection in the pleural space. Empyema Thoracis is a disease that, despite centuries of study, still causes significant morbidity & mortality. It is very commonly seen in children all over the world, more frequently as a complication of pneumonic infections. Pediatric empyema has a much more favorable prognosis compared to adult cases. Empyema thoracic is a common complication of pneumonia. Children of poor socio-economic status and below 3 years of age are most commonly affected.  Methods: The present prospective observational study was conducted in Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgery unit, Pt. J. N. M. Medical College and Dr. B. R. A. M. Hospital, Raipur (C.G.) during study period July 2011 to October 2012. This study includes 40 study subjects of the patients of empyema who were diagnosed by the aspiration of gross pus from the pleural space. Complete History was taken, and physical examination was performed in all the cases.Results: The commonest symptoms at presentation were fever seen in 40 patients (100%), cough with expectoration seen in 36 patients (50%-90%) and dyspnea seen in 32 patients (80%). Left pleura was more commonly affected than the right pleura. The most common organism isolated were Staphylococcus aureus in 28 patients (70%), followed by Klebsiella in 7 patients (17.50%), then E.coli in 3 patients (7.5%) & Streptococcal species in 2 patients (5%). The use of antibiotic therapy alone was effective in 25 patients (62.50%) Antibiotic therapy along with tube thoracostomy was required in 15 patients (37.50%). Operative intervention was required in none of the patients. Out of 40 patients, 28 (70%) had complete lung expansion, while 12 (30%) had only partial expansion. Patients with partial expansion mainly comprised of those who presented late in the course of the disease.Conclusions: It is concluded from the study that early diagnosis and management is critically important in reducing the unfavourable outcome in pediatric espuma thoracis cases.

scholarly journals A study on initiation of breastfeeding: are children in India getting the best start?

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 3029
Author(s):  
Arvind Singh Kushwaha ◽  
Anshika Kushwaha ◽  
Neha Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
The Government

Background: Giving colostrum to a newborn has been called the “first immunisation” of the child. Colostrum and breast milk have definite anti-infective properties and have shown to have an impact on reducing specific morbidity and mortality rates among infants. The objectives of the study were to determine the level of knowledge about early initiation of breast feeding amongst mothers and to study determinants of initiation of breast feeding.Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital of a medical college in Pune. Systematic random sampling method was used.Results: The subjects came predominantly from joint families, urban area, Hindu by religion and Class II Socio economic status (Kuppuswamy classification). Majority of (84.23%) mothers responded that they initiated breast feeding within 1 hour after birth. Most (95.25%) of the mothers agreed for giving colostrums. About half of the mothers interviewed believed that breast milk is more nutritious (49.5%) while 28% mothers said that feeding babies with breast milk protects them against infections.Conclusions: All doctors and paramedical personnel in the Government and private institutions ensure that lactation begins immediately after birth and prelacteal feeds are withheld.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic Characteristics of Drowning Cases Recorded At a Tertiary Care Hospital

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-59
Author(s):  
Md Habibuzzaman Chowdhury ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Gisan Hossain ◽  
Md Rafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Medicine ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Examination Result ◽  
Autopsy Diagnosis

Background: The autopsy diagnosis of drowning represents one of the major problems in forensic medicine. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to see the socio-economic characteristics of the drowning cases. Methodology: It was a retrospective study of 20 cases of drowning in 13 thanas of Dinajpur district during 1st January 2004 to December 2006. All the cases were autopsied in the mortuary of Dinajpur Medical College, Dinajpur. All the above may show signs of immersion on examination. Result: Total 20 cases were brought to the Department of Forensic Medicine at Dinajpur Medical College, Dinajpur. Considering the socio-economic status of the victim, it is found that higher frequency of drowning in the lower socio-economic growth. Highest age group is present in the 0-10 years which is 4 cases, 5 cases and 4 cases in the year of 2004, 2005 and 2006 respectively. Conclusion: In the conclusion, the study reveals that majority drowning cases are from low socio-economic condition with an early age group. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v4i2.14418 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2012;4(2):57-59

THE SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF LUNG CANCER

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Jain ◽  
Vinod Joshi ◽  
Aashish Singh ◽  
Shubhra Jain ◽  
Saurabh Godika
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Medical College

Background: At our tertiary care hospital we receive a large number of lung cancer patients, mostly in poor general conditions; hence we decided to conduct this study to perform a comprehensive evaluation of the demographic profile of lung cancer at our institute, Institute of respiratory disease (IRD), Swai Man Singh Medical (SMS) College and Hospital Methods: This study was conducted at Institute of Respiratory Disease (IRD), Swai Mansingh (SMS) Medical Collage, Jaipur after taking necessary permission from Ethical Committee and Research Review Board of SMS Medical College,   Jaipur. Results: Mean age of the patients was 61.4±6.8; it was higher in male 61.60±6.7. Out of 105 patients majority of patients were (85.7 %) male. Most of the patients (72.4%) were belonged to rural area .In context of education it is indicated that about 36 % of the patients were primary school educated while 25.7 to 26.7 constituted high & middle school respectively followed by graduate & illiterates (5.7 %) respectively Conclusion: We concluded that lung cancer was commonly found in elderly male belong to low socio-economic status Keywords: Lung cancer, Male, SES

scholarly journals A study of clinical profile of patients with CSOM attending tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Faiz Muqtadir ◽  
Rahul S.
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bone Conduction ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Mucosal Changes ◽  
Middle Ear Disease ◽  
The Right

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Proper management of COM is significant because it is an important cause of middle ear disease. After complete history, thorough clinical examination, the disease is diagnosed. The persistent infection and resultant inflammatory responses are tackled with effective pharmacotherapy. Audiological assessment done by pure tone audiometry for air and bone conduction in order to evaluate and document. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Total 50 patients diagnosed with CSOM attending the ENT OPD of Medical College were prospectively analysed. Patients fulfilling the selection criteria were included in the study after taking informed consent. All the patients in the study were clinically evaluated by taking detailed history and clinical examination including TFT, as per the proforma.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The mean age of our patients was 28.88 years, ranging from 16 years to 52 years; with almost 75% between 15 and 35 years. 20 patients each had CSOM in the right as well as left ear and 10 suffered from bilateral CSOM. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Recurrent ear infection will cause hearing impairment over the years as a result of mucosal changes in the windows and ossicles.</span></p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals Risk factors which affect the change of antibiotics in neonatal pneumonia observed in a tertiary care hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Mirza Md Ziaul Islam ◽  
M Monir Hossain ◽  
Md Abdullah Al Mamun ◽  
Salahuddin Mahmud ◽  
BH Nazma Yasmeen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Medical College

Background : Neonatal pneumonia accounts for significant morbidity and mortality specially in developing countries like Bangladesh. Perhaps because of its etiologic complexity, pneumomia in neonates has been relatively refractory to reduce its severity and improve the prognosis. Re- evaluation of the antibiotic therapy is necessary in patients to have at 48 hours after diagnosis. Physician should suspect inappropriate antibiotic therapy in cases with persistence of symptoms.Objective: This study was carried out to find the risk factors (clinical and laboratory parameters) which affect the change of antibiotic in neonatal pneumonia and its effect on morbidity and mortality .Methodology: This prospective observational study was conducted in Dhaka Shishu (children) Hospital from July 2009 to June 2010. A total of 115 neonates who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. The neonates were managed using a standard protocol. They were closely followed up to see the outcome with the change in antibiotics.Results : Total 115 neonates were admitted with mean age 16.2±5.9 days, mean weight 2857.6±580.6gm,58% were male & 42% female,26% were preterm & 74% were term and majority of them (73%) were from rural areas. Among the neonates, 36 (31,3%) needed a change in antibiotics. Fever, positive CRP, low O2 saturation, low PaO2 , high alveolar-arterial O2 gradient, low arterial-alveloar O2 tension and low pH were significantly associated with change in antibiotics.Conclusion : Addressing the clinical and laboratory parameters appropriately the change in antibiotic in selected cases can reduce both morbidity and mortality of neonates with pneumonia.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.6(1) 2014: 21-24

SEROPREVALENCE OF HIV AND HBsAg AMONGST BLOOD DONORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, CHHATTISGARH.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anusha P ◽  
Bankar Nandkishor J ◽  
Karan Jain ◽  
Ramdas Brahmane ◽  
Dhrubha Hari Chandi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time

INTRODUCTION: India being the second highly populated nation in the world. HIV/AIDS has acquired pandemic proportion in the world. Estimate by WHO for current infection rate in Asia. India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. HIV prevalence in the age group 15-49 yrs was an estimate of 0.2%. India has been classified as an intermediate in the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) endemic (HBsAg carriage 2-7%) zone with the second largest global pool of chronic HBV infections. Safety assessment of the blood supply, the quality of screening measures and the risk of transfusion transmitted infectious diseases (TTIs) in any country can be estimated by scrutinizing the files of blood donors. After the introduction of the blood banks and improved storage facilities, it became more extensively used. Blood is one of the major sources of TTIs like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV, syphilis, and many other blood borne diseases. Disclosure of these threats brought a dramatic change in attitude of physicians and patients about blood transfusion. The objective of this study is to determine the seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections amidst voluntary blood donors at a rural tertiary healthcare teaching hospital in Chhattisgarh. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study was carried out in Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, Kachandur, Durg. Blood donors were volunteers, or and commercial donors who donated the blood and paid by patients, their families, or friends to replace blood used or expected to be used for patients from the blood bank of the hospital. After proper donation of blood routine screening of blood was carried out according to standard protocol. Laboratory diagnosis of HIV 1 and HIV 2 was carried out by ELISA test. Hepatitis B surface antigen was screened by using ELISA. RESULTS: A total of 1915 consecutive blood donors’ sera were screened at Chandulal Chandrakar Memorial Medical College, blood bank during study period. Of these 1914 were male and 1 female. The mean age of patients was found to be 29.34 years with standard deviation (SD) of 11.65 Years. Among all blood donors in present study, 759(39.63%) were first time donors and 1156(60.37%) were repeated donors. 1 patient was HIV positive in first donation group while 3 (75%) were positive in repeat donation group. 7 (38.9%) were HBsAg positive in in first donation group while 11(61.1%) were positive in repeat donation group. Two patients in first donation group had dual infection of HIV and HBsAg. CONCLUSION: Seropositivity was high in repeated donors as compared to first time donors. The incidence of HIV is observed to be 0.2% and that of HBsAg is 0.94%. Strict selection of blood donors should be done to avoid transfusion-transmissible infections during the window period.

scholarly journals Impact of Positive Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) Screen Result on Appropriateness of Definitive Antibiotic Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s263-s263
Author(s):  
Jenna Reynolds ◽  
Lynn Chan ◽  
Raelene Trudeau ◽  
Maria Teresa Seville
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Positive Screen ◽  
Screen Result ◽  
Definitive Therapy ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Background: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) screening has been utilized to identify colonized patients to prevent transmission. However, little is known about the utility of screening to guide antibiotic therapy. We assessed the appropriateness of definitive therapy in patients with a VRE screen and evaluate the predictive value of screening for the development of a VRE infection. Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated VRE screening of patients aged 18 years admitted between June 1, 2015, and May 31, 2018, to a 280-bed, academic, tertiary-care hospital. Rectal swabs were tested using Cepheid Xpert. Screening was performed routinely on admission for hematologic malignancy and liver transplantation patients. Only the first screen result was included for patients who had multiple VRE screens. The patient was classified as having a VRE infection if any Enterococcus isolates were vancomycin resistant. The primary outcome was appropriateness of antibiotic therapy in patients who had a VRE screen. Appropriateness of VRE-directed therapy was defined as therapy with linezolid or daptomycin for patients who had a positive VRE culture and an identifiable source of infection, or who had no clinical improvement on alternative therapy, or who had a documented β-lactam allergy. If appropriateness was unclear, 2 infectious diseases specialists determined appropriateness. Results: In total, 1,374 patients who had a rectal VRE screen met inclusion criteria. Of these, 1,053 (88%) had a negative screen. We detected no difference in the appropriateness of VRE-directed therapy between patients with a positive screen and those with a negative screen (59.3% vs 61.0%; P = .8657). The VRE screen had a sensitivity of 60% (95% CI, 43%–74%), specificity of 90% (95% CI, 88%–92%), positive predictive value of 18% (95% CI, 12%–25%), and negative predictive value of 98% (95% CI, 97%–99%) for VRE infection. Conclusions: Although VRE screening may have utility to detect colonization in high-risk patients, a positive VRE screen is of limited value in determining the need for VRE-directed therapy. Patients with a negative VRE screen have a low likelihood of developing a VRE infection, and a negative screen could be used to identify patients who may not require empiric coverage for VRE. Further research is needed to determine optimal utilization of VRE screening for prediction and treatment of VRE infections.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Facing Death: Attitudes toward Physician-Assisted End of Life among Physicians Working at a Tertiary-Care-Hospital in Israel

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6396
Author(s):  
Keren Dopelt ◽  
Dganit Cohen ◽  
Einat Amar-Krispel ◽  
Nadav Davidovitch ◽  
Paul Barach
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Terminally Ill ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Medical Assistance In Dying ◽  
Terminally Ill Patients ◽  
The Right

The demand for medical assistance in dying remains high and controversial with a large knowledge gap to support optimal patient care. The study aimed to explore physicians’ attitudes regarding euthanasia and examine the factors that related to these attitudes. We surveyed 135 physicians working at a tertiary-care hospital in Israel. The questionnaire was comprised of demographic and background information, DNR procedure information, encounters with terminally ill patients, familiarity with the law regarding end-of-life questions, and Attitudes toward Euthanasia. About 61% agreed that a person has the right to decide whether to expedite their own death, 54% agreed that euthanasia should be allowed, while 29% thought that physicians should preserve a patients’ life even when they expressed the wish to die. A negative statistically significant relationship was found between the level of religiosity and attitudes toward euthanasia. The physicians’ attitudes towards euthanasia are quite positive when compared to other countries. The data shows a conflict of values: the sacredness of human life versus the desire to alleviate patients’ suffering. The Coronavirus-19 outbreak reinforces the importance of supporting physicians’ efforts to provide ethical and empathic communication for terminally ill patients. Future studies should aim to improve our understanding and treatment of the specific types of suffering that lead to end-of-life requests.

Morphological Presentation of Orofacial Clefts: An Epidemiological Study of 5004 Patients in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Central India

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110577
Author(s):  
Jaideep Singh Chauhan ◽  
Sarwpriya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Central India ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Orofacial Clefts ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Right

Objective: To analyse the morphological presentation of orofacial clefts, gender, syndromes and systemic anomalies associated with them. Design: This was an epidemiological study performed in the patients who were registered for cleft lip and palate surgeries in our centre. The data was evaluated both retrospectively as well as prospectively. Patients/ Participants: The patients registered from November 2006 to April 2021 were studied. Out of 5276 patients, data of 5004 cases were analysed, rest 272 patients were excluded due to lack of information. Statistical analysis and Chi square test were applied. Results: Cleft deformities were more common in males than females. Cleft lip with palate was the commonest phenotype (52.2%). It was followed by isolated cleft lip (22.9%), isolated cleft palate (22.1%), rare clefts (1.62%) and syndromic clefts (1.18%). Unilateral variants were more frequent than bilateral. In unilateral, left side was more common than the right side. Among bilateral, most of the cases had premaxillary protrusion. In the present study, 3.46% of all the patients had associated anomalies affecting their other organs. Less common cleft phenotypes like microform cleft lip and submucous cleft palate ± bifid uvula showed frequency of 0.62% and 0.64% respectively. Conclusion: Thorough examination of cleft deformity should be done as it may appear as an isolated deformity or part of a syndrome and have associated systemic anomalies. This may help us to deliver comprehensive care to the patients and can prevent potential operative complications.

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