scholarly journals Factors affecting prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban adolescents: a study from North Chennai, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
Harikrishnan Elangovan ◽  
Rajesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting

Background: Obesity is escalating at an alarming rate especially among the urban population. Obesity in childhood is an important risk factor for obesity in adulthood. Overweight and obesity are related to physically inactivity, high social economic back ground and dietary transition. This study was done to estimate the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban adolescents and to examine its associated factors.Methods: This is a cross sectional community-based study conducted in North Chennai Corporation Zone II over a period of 2 years. A predesigned proforma was used to collect the demographic profile, socioeconomic status and level of physical activity. Trained Investigators were used to measure anthropometric measures. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16.0 and P value of <0.05 is taken as statistically significant.Results: A total of 4900 children (M: 2317, F: 2583) were included in the study. The prevalence of overweight and obesity were found as 22.1 % and 4.1%. The proportion of overweight was highest at 14 years for boys and 15 years for girls. There is a statistical significance for overweight in relation to sex (P = 0.001), socioeconomic status (P = 0.00001), parent’s occupation (P = 0.00001) and literacy status (P = 0.00001), junk food preference (P = 0.00001), mode of conveyance (P = 0.00001) and level of physical activity (P=0.00001).Conclusions: As obesity in childhood has high risk of comorbidities, intervention studies have to be planned to educate the adolescents as they are the future society and the role models for their off springs.

scholarly journals Association Between Dietary Consumption, Anthropometric Measures And Body Composition Of Rural And Urban Ghanaian Adults; A Comparative Cross Sectional Study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong ◽  
Reginald Adjetey Annan ◽  
Charles Apprey ◽  
Linda Nana Esi Aduku ◽  
Catherina Elizabeth Swart
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract Background: Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption can reduce the prevalence obesity but in Ghana there is not enough data to elicit a policy response. This study assessed the association between dietary consumption, anthropometric measures, body composition and physical activity among rural and urban Ghanaian adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 565 Ghanaian adults. Structured questionnaires were used to collect socio-demographic information. Dietary consumption was assessed using household food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition of all participants were also measured. The World Health Organization’s Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to assess physical activity levels. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric measurements, body composition and dietary consumption among rural and urban participants. Principal component analysis was used to analyze household food frequency data and nutrient analysis template was used to analyze 24-hour recall. Chi-square was used to measure differences in obesity prevalence by community and gender. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the risk factors associated with obesity. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI were 29.9 and 22.9 respectively. The use of waist circumference measurement resulted in the highest overall obesity prevalence of 41.5%. Prevalence of obesity was higher among females compared to males across all measures with the exception of visceral fat that showed no significant difference. Four different patterns were derived from principal component analysis. Among urban participants, component 3 (staple pattern) showed a significant negative correlation with visceral fat (r -0.186, p-value 0.013) and BMI (r -0.163, p-value 0.029). Multinomial logistic regression showed that males (AOR 19.715, CI 9.723-39.978, p-value < 0.001) had higher odds of being of normal weight compared to females. Conclusion: Prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to rise in Ghana, especially among females. Public education and screening as well as interventions that regulate the food environment and make affordable and available healthy food options are needed to control the rise in obesity prevalence.

Adolescent’s profile with overweight and obesity at vitória municipal school system

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Bruno Luna Oliveira ◽  
Cristian Fernando de Siqueira Alves ◽  
Karol Lacava Cordeiro ◽  
Maria Aline Almeida Guerra ◽  
Alcides Da Silva Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
School System ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

ABSTRACT Objetive: to analyze the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescent students in Vitória de Santo Antão city. Méthod: this is about a cross sectional study with a sample of adolescents aged 10-19 years selected by conglomerate in municipal school system from Vitória de Santo Antão city. The sample comprised of 255 students was analyzed according to the socioeconomic, anthropometric measures, physical activity and eating habits variables in December 2009. Statistical analysis of parametric variables were made using Chi-square and t test at a significance level of 5%. The study was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Pernambuco and approved under number 262/09. Results: the prevalence of overweight in both sexes was 19.2%, other factors were not associated (p> 0.05), as skin color, social class and eating habits. Triglyceride levels, physical activity and hypertension showed statistical significance when related to excess weight. Conclusion: the adolescents affected by overweight and obesity were more susceptible to hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia. Reduction in BMI and health habits of life contributes to the reduction of cardiometabolic morbidity. Descriptors: adolescent; hypertension; obesity; abdominal circumference; cross sectional study.RESUMOObjetivo: analisar a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em adolescentes escolares na cidade de Vitória de Santo Antão. Método: estudo transversal, com amostra composta por adolescentes de 10-19 anos, selecionada por conglomerado, na rede municipal de ensino em Vitória de Santo Antão. A amostra composta por 255 estudantes foi analisada segundo as variáveis socioeconômicas, medidas antropométricas, práticas de atividade física e hábitos alimentares em dezembro de 2009. Para análise foi utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado e o Teste t em nível de significância de 5%. O estudo foi submetido ao Comitê de Ética da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e aprovado sob o nº 262/09. Resultados: a prevalência de excesso de peso em ambos os sexos foi 19,2%, outros fatores não estiveram associados com o excesso de peso (p>0,05) como cor da pele, classe social e hábitos alimentares. Os níveis de triglicerídeo, atividade física e hipertensão arterial apresentaram significância estatística quando relacionados com o excesso de peso. Conclusão: os adolescentes acometidos por sobrepeso e obesidade estiveram mais expostos a hipertensão e hipertrigliceridemia. Espera-se que a redução do IMC e adoção de hábitos saudáveis de vida contribua para uma significativa redução de morbidades cardiometabólicas. Descritores: adolescente; obesidade; circunferência abdominal; estudos transversais.RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en estudiantes adolescentes en Vitória de Santo Antao. Método: estúdio con diseño transversal, con una muestra de adolescentes de 10-19 años seleccionada por el conglomerado en el sistema municipal de educación en Vitória de Santo Antão. La muestra de 255 estudiantes fueron analizados de acuerdo a las medidas socioeconómicas, antropométricas, actividad física y los hábitos alimentarios en diciembre de 2009. El análisis estadístico de las variables paramétricas se realizaron mediante la prueba de Chi-cuadrado y teste t a un nivel de significancia del 5%. El estudio fue presentado al Comité de Ética de la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco y aprobados en virtud del n º 262/09. Resultados: La prevalencia de sobrepeso en ambos sexos fue del 19,2%, otros factores no se asociaron (p> 0,05), como la clase sociales, color de la piel y hábitos alimenticios. Los niveles de triglicéridos, actividad física y la hipertensión fueron significativos cuando se relaciona con el exceso de peso. Conclusion: adolescentes afectados por el sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron más susceptibles a la hipertensión y la hipertrigliceridemia. Se espera que la reducción del índice de masa corporal y los hábitos de vida saludable ayudará a una reducción significativa de la morbilidad cardiometabólico. Descriptores: adolescentes; obesidad; circunferencia abdominal; estudio transversal.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Physical Activity among Medical Students of Jazan University: A Cross-Sectional Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husam Eldin Elsawi Khalafalla ◽  
Mohamed Salih Mahfouz ◽  
Muath Hassan Ibrahim Najmi ◽  
Sayyaf Abdullah Mohammad Najmi ◽  
Qasem Ali Yahya Arishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The University ◽  
Study Participants

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is one of the most important factors that affect human health; it reduces the chances of hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, breast and colon cancer, and depression.OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to measure prevalence of physical activity and to determine the factors affecting the level of physical activity among medical student in Jazan University.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the students of medical colleges of Jazan University. A random sample of 419 was determined using most recent physical activity prevalence. A validated self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection.RESULTS: There is a high prevalence of inactivity among study participants (88.1%). Females (91.7%) were more significantly (p value=0.013) inactive than males (83.8%). The most influential barrier perceived by participants is (heavy) academic work as well as lack of places for physical activity; the latter factor being more effective in hindering female students' physical activity.CONCLUSION: Results revealed that the inactivity rate was very high among medical students. The results of this study call for a well-planned intervention at the university level for improving the level of physical activity among university students.

Relationship between Health Costs and Inflammatory Profile in Public Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (43) ◽  
pp. 4622-4629
Author(s):  
Ana P.R. Rocha ◽  
Fábio S. Lira ◽  
Denise R. Bueno ◽  
Daniela S. Inoue ◽  
Dayane C. Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: The association between obesity and physical activity level is well established in the literature, as well as its consequences that lead to chronic noncommunicable diseases. In addition, it is also possible to obtain the immunometabolic mechanism that explains the pathway of associations between obesity, chronic noncommunicable diseases and level of physical activity. It also seems clear that treating illnesses has a financial impact on healthcare systems around the world, so it seems important to assess the financial impact on the healthcare system of individuals with immunometabolic dysfunction. Aim: To assess whether there is a correlation between metabolic and inflammatory markers and healthcare costs according to body adiposity and habitual physical activity (HPA). Methods: cross-sectional study, the sample consisted of men and women aged over 50. Participants underwent evaluations that included the following variables: i) immunometabolic markers, ii) healthcare costs, iii) obesity, iv) habitual physical activity, and v) history of personal illness. Statistical significance was set at values lower than 5% and the software used was BioEstat. Results: The correlation between metabolic and inflammatory markers and healthcare costs demonstrated a positive and significant relationship, adjusted for obesity and HPA, between glucose concentrations and exam costs (r = 0.343, p-value = 0.007) and total cost (r = 261; p-value = 0.043); HOMA index and cost of exams (r = 0.267; p-value = 0.038); and IL-10 and cost of medical consultation (r = 0.297; p-value = 0.020). Conclusion: Metabolic and inflammatory markers may be related to the costs of consultations and examinations, independent of obesity and HPA.

scholarly journals Body Shape Dissatisfaction and Overweight Noesis among Polytechnic College students in Puducherry- A Cross Sectional Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishnu Prasad R ◽  
Kanimozhy K ◽  
Venkatachalam J ◽  
Madhanraj K ◽  
Zile Singh
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

The prevalence of obesity has doubled since 1980 worldwide. With the changing dietary and life style habits, overweight and obesity have become a threat globally. As on 2011, more than 40 million children worldwide are overweight and more than 30 million of them are living in developing countries. Body image perception of an individual plays a major role in determining the diet and lifestyle modification to alter their body shape.Materials and methods: The study was carried out among 1034 polytechnic college students in Puducherry aged 15-25 years as a cross sectional study. Stunkard’s visual figures scale was used to measure Body Shape Dissatisfaction.Statistical analysis: Chi-square test was used to test the statistical significance in difference between proportions, p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The prevalence of Body Shape Dissatisfaction in our study subjects was found to be 62.2%. More female students wanted a thinner body shape while more male students wanted a bigger body shape than their current body shape. 45.3% of the students with normal BMI were satisfied with their current body shape, 26% of them wanted a bigger shape and 28.7% of the students wanted to have a thinner shape.Conclusions:The prevalence of BSD was considerably high in our study population. Body shape misconception might lead to unnecessary weight reduction measures and students tend to follow unhealthy methods for weight reduction. Proactive preventive measures could be initiated targeting towards weight management and dietary practices of college students.

scholarly journals Assessment of overweight and obesity among urban adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2598
Author(s):  
Ansh Chaudhary ◽  
Aarati Pokale ◽  
A. P. S. Narula ◽  
Bhupendra Chaudhary ◽  
Ankita Misra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Urban Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
Carbonated Drink

Background: Obesity is defined as the abnormal growth of adipose tissue due to enlargement of fat cell size or increase in their number or a combination of both. Adolescents are nutritionally vulnerable age group considering their increased nutritional needs, eating patterns, lifestyle and susceptibility to environmental influences. The present study was conducted with aims to access the prevalence of overweight and obesity among urban adolescents and to study various factors associated with overweight and obesity.Methods: A community based cross sectional study of 872 adolescents of both sexes in urban population of Pune, Maharashtra, India was conducted to assess prevalence and various factors influencing overweight and obesity, especially type of diet, frequency of junk foods, physical activity and sleeping habits. The Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) were used to define overweight and obesity as per WHO growth standards.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban adolescents according to BMI were 17.4% and 6.9% respectively with overall prevalence being 24.3% but with Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) it was 43.1%. Risk factors in urban areas were consumption of fast/junk food, carbonated drink, physical inactivity while afternoon sleep was not a significant factor.Conclusions: This study showed an increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in urban adolescents especially in those who have more consumption of fast food, carbonated drink, those who were either inactive or engaged in physical activity for less than 30 min/day were strongly associated with overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Association Between Dietary Consumption, Anthropometric Measures And Body Composition Of Rural And Urban Ghanaian Adults; A Cross Sectional Study.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana Ama Frimpomaa Agyapong ◽  
Reginald Adjetey Annan ◽  
Charles Apprey ◽  
Linda Nana Esi Aduku ◽  
Catherina Elizabeth Swart
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
P Value ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Consumption ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract Background Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe including sub-Saharan Africa where prevalence used to be low. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption look promising to reducing the prevalence obesity but in Ghana there is not enough data to elicit a policy response. This study assessed the association between dietary consumption, Body Mass Index (BMI) and body composition among rural and urban Ghanaian adults.Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 565 Ghanaian adults. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on socio-demographics. Dietary consumption was assessed using household food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition of all participants were determined. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric measures, body composition and consumption among rural and urban participants. Principal component analysis was used to analyze household food frequency data. Chi-square was used to measure differences in obesity prevalence by community and gender. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the risk factors associated with obesity.Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI were 29.9 and 22.9 respectively. Use of waist circumference measurement resulted in the highest overall obesity prevalence of 41.5%. Prevalence of obesity was higher among females compared to males across all measures with the exception of visceral fat that showed no significant difference. Four different patterns were derived from principal component analysis. Vegetable convenience dietary pattern showed significant negative correlation with visceral fat (r=-0.142, p 0.002), body fat (r=-0.102, p 0.209) and BMI (r=-0.136, p 0.003). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that males (OR 21.968, CI 10.876-44.373, p-value < 0.001) and rural participants (OR 1.684, CI 1.039-2.729, p-value <0.05) had higher odds of being of normal weight.Conclusion Prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to rise in Ghana, especially among females. Public education and screening as well as interventions that regulate the food environment and makes affordable and available healthy food options are needed to control the rise in obesity prevalence.

scholarly journals Prosthetic status and needs in patients visiting dental teaching hospitals of Peshawar.

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1835-1843
Author(s):  
Aamir Hameed ◽  
Sarah Ihsan ◽  
Muhammad Raza ◽  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
Zia ur Rehman Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prosthetic Status ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Prosthetic Need

Objectives: The study aimed to collect the data regarding prosthetic status and need. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Three Teaching Dental Hospitals of Peshawar. Period: October to December 2017. Materials and Methods: Participants was given a pre-structured questionnaire which was designed to collect information regarding prosthetic need and prosthetic status. It consisted of two parts—the first part recorded data on socio-demographic factors (age, gender, educational level, socioeconomic status), while the second recorded the prosthetic status and need. Results: A total of 600 subjects were included comprising of 310 (51.6%) males and 290 (48.3%) females. The age ranged from 15 to 88 years with mean age 35 years. A total of 199 (33.1%) respondents were uneducated and 400 were educated. Out of 400, 63 (10.5%) had primary education, 167 (27.8%) had secondary education, 91 (15.1%) were graduates and 79 (13.1%) had a post-graduation There was significance difference found between age, education, socioeconomic status and prosthetic status. (p=0.000, 0.000, 0.004). There was no significance difference in prosthetic status between genders. There was significance difference found between education, socioeconomic status and prosthetic need (P value is 0.000, 0.012). There was no statistical significance found with respect to gender and prosthetic need. Conclusion: Hence, it can be concluded that most of the prosthetic needs of the studied population were unmet with prosthetic needs being approximately two fold greater than the prosthetic status.

scholarly journals Body mass index, physical activity and dietary behaviours among adolescents in the Kingdom of Tonga

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
BJ Smith ◽  
P Phongsavan ◽  
D Havea ◽  
V Halavatau ◽  
T Chey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dietary Behaviours ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents using international and ethnic-specific cut-off points and to examine patterns of physical activity and dietary behaviours.DesignCross-sectional analytical study.SettingSchools on Tongatapu, Vava'u and Hapa'ai islands in the Kingdom of Tonga.SubjectsA total of 443 school students aged 11–16 years underwent anthropometric measures of height and weight and provided self-reported measures of physical activity and dietary behaviours.ResultsMean body mass index (BMI) was higher among girls than boys (23.7 kg m− 2vs. 21.8 kg m− 2) and tended to increase with age. A total of 36.0% of boys and 53.8% of girls were overweight or obese using the international cut-off points, whereas 25.0% of boys and 37.6% of girls were classified in this way using Polynesian-specific cut-off points. Tinned mutton or beef was the food that most participants (56.9%) reported eating once or more per day. Over half of the young people did not eat taro, fruit or vegetables at least once per day. Regular physical activity outside of school hours was reported by 20.7% of respondents, and 58.2% watched 1 h or more of television per day. Physical activity participation was the only behaviour independently associated with a lower risk of overweight or obesity.ConclusionsUsing Polynesian-specific cut-off points for overweight and obesity the prevalence of these conditions was still among the highest found in adolescents. The prevalence of physical inactivity and poor dietary habits indicate that risk factors for chronic disease are well established during adolescence in Tonga.

scholarly journals Physical activity and perceived barriers among doctors working in King Abdulaziz Hospital, Jeddah, 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyad Khateeb ◽  
Turki AlKharji ◽  
Sulafa AlQutub
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Physical inactivity is a major public health problem worldwide, and Saudi Arabia has been identified as one of the countries with the highest prevalence of physical inactivity. This study seeks to determine the physical activity levels and to identify the perceived barriers against physical activity among doctors.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study involving all physicians practicing in King Abdulaziz Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All doctors holding administrative positions during the conduct of the survey were excluded from the study. Systematic random sampling was used to select the doctors. A previously published and validated self-administered questionnaire was used in the study. The results of the study were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.Results: Among the 178 physicians surveyed, more than half (74.6%) reported having regular physical activity. Among the 129 doctors who reported low to high physical activity, 50.0% were in the moderate to high category, meanwhile only 23.7% were in the low category. We found a significant relationship between the level of physical activity and perceived total exercise benefits/barriers (p<0.001), exercise benefits (p-value=0.009), and exercise barriers (p<0.001).Conclusions: Most of the physicians were physically active. However, there is still a need to encourage physicians to improve their physical activity, which would improve their perception of exercise and set them as better role models for physical activity among their patients and the communityz. 

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