scholarly journals Risk factors for acute severe pneumonia in under five children

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Neerupam Gupta ◽  
Naine Bhadrala
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Background: Acute severe pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children below five years of age. India tops in the list amongst the 15 countries having a high incidence of childhood pneumonia with 43 million episodes of pneumonia annually. Identification of modifiable risk factors of acute severe pneumonia can help in reducing the burden of disease.Methods: A hospital-based case control study was undertaken to determine risk factors associated with acute severe pneumonia in under-five children. A case definition of acute severe pneumonia as given by world health organization (WHO) was used for cases. Healthy children attending Pediatrics outpatient Department for immunization during study period were enrolled as controls. Details of potential risk factors in cases and controls were recorded in pre-designed proforma. 732 children including 366 cases and 366 controls were enrolled in the study.Results: On stepwise logistic regression analysis it was found that low  literacy status of the mother (OR:9.46; 95%CI:7.31-19.0); inappropriate immunization for age (OR:38.04; 95%CI 14.59-110.18);cooking fuel other than liquid petroleum gas (OR:3.79; 95%CI: 2.40-6.78); low socioeconomic status (OR: 6.12; 95%CI: 2.42-35.48); overcrowding (OR:1.21; 95%CI: 1.03- 2.21) and upper respiratory infection in family (OR:5.08; 95%CI: 3.79-7.67) were the significant contributors to the occurrence of acute severe pneumonia in children under five years.Conclusions: Low literacy status of mother, incomplete immunization status, use of fuel other than LPG, low socioeconomic status, overcrowding, family history of URTI emerged as risk factors for occurrence of acute severe pneumonia in under five children.

Socio-demographic Determinants of Undernutrition In HIV- Infected Under- Five Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Sylvia T. Echendu ◽  
Ebelechuku F. Ugochukwu ◽  
Kenneth N. Okeke ◽  
Chinyere U. Onubogu ◽  
Joy C. Ebenebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Single Parents ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Advanced Hiv Disease

Background: The disease burden associated with HIV/AIDS is a key factor in the etiopathogenesis of undernutrition in growing children. This is aggravated by resultant social factors in HIV such as orphaning, low socioeconomic status, food insecurity, and marital status of caregivers. Objectives: The relationship between sociodemographic factors and malnutrition in the background of HIV was evaluated. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among under-five HIV positive children in Anambra State, Nigeria. Results: A total of 370 HIV positive under-five children comprising 208(56.2%) males and 162(43.8%) females were recruited. The mean age of the children was 44.5±12.9 months. One hundred and forty-seven (39.7%) were globally undernourished: 15.7.0% (58) underweight (WFA <-2SD), 13.3% (49) wasted (WFH < -2SD), and 27.9% (103) stunted (HFA <-2SD). Males were significantly more stunted than females (p<0.001). 77% (285) were of low socioeconomic class (SEC), 47.3% (175) had advanced HIV disease, and 68.1% (252) had been on HAART for >12 months. 26% (96) were orphans, while 28.6% (106) were cared for by single parents. Being on HAART for >12 months was associated with less undernutrition, while advanced HIV disease seemed to enhance it. Children of low SEC were more likely to be undernourished. Not having been breastfed, introduction of complementary feeds at age 3mo or less, poor food variety and suboptimal feeding frequency increased susceptibility to undernutrition. Orphans were more wasted and stunted than underweight. Single parenthood predisposed to undernutrition. Conclusions: HIV-infected children are vulnerable to malnutrition by virtue of the disease process, further compounded by interwoven social dilemma associated with HIV. It, therefore, behooves the health care provider to ensure a proactive growth monitoring and nutritional support, with prompt treatment of co-morbid debilitating infections. There is also a dire need for public health interventions targeted at single parents of low socioeconomic means.

scholarly journals Risk factors for sleep problems in infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-91
Author(s):  
Hesti Lestari ◽  
Audrey Mety Iriani Wahani ◽  
Rocky Wilar ◽  
Permatami Herwansyah
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Sleeping Position ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Background Sleep disorders in infants can cause developmental problems, suboptimal growth, behavioral disorders, fatigue, irritability, impulsiveness, and poor mother-infant bonding. Objective To evaluate possible risk factors for sleep disorders in infants. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy infants aged 3-6 months. Subjects were selected using proportional random sampling from four different primary healthcare facilities in Manado, North Sulawesi. Their parents completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. Sleep disorder was defined as the presence of one or more conditions including sleep duration less than 9 hours at night (from 19.00 until 07.00), waking up at night (from 22.00 until 06.00) more than 3 times, and more than 1 hour waking at night. Results Of 112 subjects, 58 (51.8%) were male. Subjects’ mean age was 4.21 (SD 0.829) months and 76 (67.86%) experienced sleep disorders. Sleep disorders had significant associations with low socioeconomic status (OR 17; 95%CI 3.8 to 75.8), middle school or lower maternal education (OR 44.5; 95%CI 9.8 to 202), non-supine sleeping position (OR 8.8; 95%CI 1.9 to 39.7), parental use of electronic devices (OR 156.2; 95%CI 35.1 to 692.9), and non-exclusive breastfeeding (OR 85.2; 95%CI 21.1 to 344.2). Correlative analyses also revealed that electronic media usage had the strongest association with sleep disorders, followed by breastfeeding pattern, maternal education, socioeconomic status, and sleeping position ( 0.839, 0.771, 0.624, 0.433, and 0.309, respectively).  However, there were no significant correlations upon  multivariate analysis. Conclusion Parental use of electronic media before sleeping is the strongest risk factor for sleep disorders among infants, followed by non-exclusive breastfeeding pattern, low maternal education, low socioeconomic status, and non-supine sleeping position. However, none of these correlations were significant upon multivariate analysis, this show that all these factors influence sleep together

scholarly journals Analisis Faktor Risiko Glomerulonefritis Akut Pasca Streptokokus pada Anak Di RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

e-CliniC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirania Ch. Tatipang ◽  
Adrian Umboh ◽  
Praevilia M. Salendu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Gross Hematuria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Nephritic Syndrome ◽  
Group A

Abstract: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is a part of acute nephritic syndrome characterized by gross hematuria, edema, hypertension, and renal insufficiency. This APSGN is common in children, caused by infection of Streptococcus β-hemoliticus group A nephritogenic strain, and 97% of cases were in developing countries including Indonesia. This study was aimed to obtain the risk factors of APSGN and their association with APSGN. This was a retrospective descriptive study with a cross sectional design. Samples were medical record data of Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Hospital Manado during the period of January 2013-October 2017. There were 67 samples in this study consisted of 48 (71.6%) cases of APSGN and 19 (25.3%) cases without APSGN. The bivariate analysis found five variables related to APSGN incidence, as followed: male gender (P =0.005), age ≥5 years (P=0.000), low socioeconomic status (P=0.000), good nutrition (P =0.000), and rainy season (P=0.005). Parents’ education was not related to APSGN incidence. Conclusion: The risk factors of APSGN in children were male gender, age ≥5 years, low socioeconomic status, good nutritional status, and rainy season.Keywords: APSGN, risk factors, childrenAbstrak: Glomerulonefritis akut pasca streptokokus (GNAPS) adalah bagian dari sindrom nefrotik akut (SNA) yang ditandai dengan gross hematuria, edema, hipertensi, dan insufisiensi ginjal. Gangguan ini sering terjadi pada anak-anak, disebabkan oleh infeksi kuman Streptococcus β-hemolyticus group A strain nephritogenic, dan 97% kasus terjadi di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko GNAPS dan hubungan faktor risiko tersebut dengan kejadin GNAPS. Jenis peneltiian ialah deskriptif retrospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan data rekam medik RSUP Prof. R. D. Kandou Manado periode Januari 2013-Oktober 2017. Terdapat 67 sampel terdiri dari 48 (71,6%) kasus GNAPS dan 19 (25,3%) kasus yang tidak mengalami GNAPS. Berdasarkan analisis bivariat di temukan 5 varibel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian GNAPS yaitu jenis kelamin laki-laki P=0,005), usia ≥5 tahun (P=0,000), status sosial ekonomi rendah (P=0,000), gizi baik (P=0,000), dan musim hujan (P=0,005). Faktor risiko yang tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian GNAPS ialah pendidikan orang tua (P=0,20). Simpulan: Faktor risiko GNAPS pada anak ialah jenis kelamin laki-laki, usia ≥5 tahun, status sosial ekonomi rendah, status gizi, dan musim hujan.Kata Kunci: GNAPS, faktor risiko, anak

scholarly journals Malaria infection and anemia status in under-five children from Southern Tanzania where seasonal malaria chemoprevention is being implemented

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260785
Author(s):  
Richard O. Mwaiswelo ◽  
Bruno P. Mmbando ◽  
Frank Chacky ◽  
Fabrizio Molteni ◽  
Ally Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Bed Net ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention

Background Malaria and anemia remain major public health challenges in Tanzania. Household socioeconomic factors are known to influence these conditions. However, it is not clear how these factors influence malaria transmission and anemia in Masasi and Nanyumbu Districts. This study presents findings on malaria and anemia situation in under-five children and its influencing socioeconomic factors in Masasi and Nanyumbu Districts, surveyed as part of an ongoing seasonal malaria chemoprevention operational study. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between August and September 2020. Finger-prick blood samples collected from children aged 3–59 months were used to test for malaria infection using malaria rapid diagnostic test (mRDT), thick smears for determination of asexual and sexual parasitemia, and thin smear for parasite speciation. Hemoglobin concentration was measured using a HemoCue spectrophotometer. A structured questionnaire was used to collect household socioeconomic information from parents/caregivers of screened children. The prevalence of malaria was the primary outcome. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression models were used appropriately. Results Overall mRDT-based malaria prevalence was 15.9% (373/2340), and was significantly higher in Nanyumbu (23.7% (167/705) than Masasi District (12.6% (206/1635), p<0.001. Location (Nanyumbu), no formal education, household number of people, household number of under-fives, not having a bed net, thatched roof, open/partially open eave, sand/soil floor, and low socioeconomic status were major risks for malaria infection. Some 53.9% (1196/2218) children had anemia, and the majority were in Nanyumbu (63.5% (458/705), p<0.001. Location (Nanyumbu), mRDT positive, not owning a bed net, not sleeping under bed net, open/partially open eave, thatched window, sex of the child, and age of the child were major risk factors for anemia. Conclusion Prevalence of malaria and anemia was high and was strongly associated with household socioeconomic factors. Improving household socioeconomic status is expected to reduce the prevalence of the conditions in the area.

scholarly journals Gambaran Faktor Risiko Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah yang Dirawat di RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245
Author(s):  
Katelino Marpaung ◽  
Husna Yetti ◽  
Defrin Defrin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic

Abstrak Latar Belakang. Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) adalah bayi yang mempunyai berat lahir kurang dari 2500 gram yang ditimbang pada saat setelah lahir. Saat ini BBLR menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian neonatus terbanyak di Kota Padang. Banyak faktor yang dapat memengaruhi kejadian bayi berat lahir rendah, seperti usia ibu, paritas, jarak kehamilan, status gizi, antenatal care, anemia, pendidikan, sosial ekonomi, penyakit saat hamil, plasenta previa, solusio plasenta, kelainan kongenital, dan kehamilan ganda. Objektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran faktor risiko bayi berat lahir rendah yang dirawat di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang pada periode 1 Januari – 31 Desembar tahun 2019. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah simple random sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 71 sampel. Hasil. Hasil penelitian didapatkan beberapa faktor risiko sebagai berikut : usia ibu berisiko (28,17%), paritas nullipara (35,21%), jarak kehamilan berisiko (8,45%), riwayat antenatal care berisiko (4,23%), ibu anemia (33,80%), status pendidikan rendah (73,24%), status sosial ekonomi rendah (54,93%), penyakit saat hamil (76,06%), kelainan plasenta (5,63%), kelainan kongenital (8,45%), dan kehamilan ganda (22,54%). Kesimpulan.  Faktor risiko yang paling banyak terjadi pada bayi berat lahir rendah adalah penyakit saat hamil, status pendidikan rendah, dan status sosial ekonomi rendah. Kata kunci: BBLR, faktor risiko, neonatus   Abstract Background. Low Birth Weight (LBW) baby is when the infant is weighed less than 2500 grams at the time after birth. Low Birth Weight baby is one of the leading causes of neonates deaths in Padang. There are several factors causing LBW babies, such as maternal age, parity, space between pregnancy, nutrition, antenatal care, anemia, low educational status, low socioeconomic status, disease during pregnancy, placenta previa, placenta abruption, congenital abnormality, and multiple pregnancies. Objective.This study was aimed to describe the risk factors of LBW babies who were treated at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang from 1st January – 31st December 2019. Methods. This study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Seventy-one samples were selected by simple random sampling. Results. The results of the study describe risk factors of LBW babies as follows mother with threatening age (28.17%), nullipara parity (35.21%), the distance of hazardous pregnancies (8.45%), nutritional status of underweight (12.68%), history of risky antenatal care ( 4.23%), maternal anemia (33.80%), low educational status (73.24%), low socioeconomic status (54.93%), illness during pregnancy (76.06%), placental disorders (5.63) %), congenital abnormalities (8.45%), and multiple pregnancies (22.54%). Conclusion. The most critical risk factors for low birth weight babies are illness during pregnancy, low education status, and low socioeconomic status. Keywords: low birth weight baby, risk factors, neonates

scholarly journals Risk factors for myocardial infarction among low socioeconomic status South Indian population

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramachandran Meenakshisundaram ◽  
Dipti Agarwal ◽  
Chinnaswamy Rajendiran ◽  
Ponniah Thirumalaikolundusubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
South Indian Population ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
South Indian

Primary prevention of bladder cancer: Does the public know the risk factors?

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 366-366
Author(s):  
Erika L. Wood ◽  
Vishnukamal Golla ◽  
Rohit Goswamy ◽  
Bryan Fellman ◽  
Diana L Urbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
County Hospital ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Primary Risk Factor

366 Background: Smoking is the single most significant modifiable risk factor for bladder cancer, yet this is not well known outside of the medical community. Previous studies from tertiary referral centers have found that 36-58% of urology patients can identify smoking as a risk factor for bladder cancer. Since those patients may not be representative of the general population, we studied the knowledge base of bladder cancer risk factors among people encountered in the general waiting room of an urban county hospital. Methods: 215 participants over 18 years of age were recruited from the waiting room of an urban county hospital to participate in a brief survey on risk factors for various cancers. Fisher’s exact test and McNemar’s test were used to detect differences in knowledge between bladder cancer and other cancers. Results: The survey participant population was mostly female (65.6%), Hispanic (54%), and middle-aged (67% age 35-64). Most (54.8%) had an annual household income of less than $20,000, attained a high school education (49.1%) or below (24.1%), and 40.3% were current or former smokers. An overwhelming majority of participants chose smoking as a risk factor for lung cancer (92.2%), with 80.7% identifying smoking as the primary risk factor for lung cancer. In contrast, only 31.6% of participants chose smoking as a risk factor for bladder cancer with 7.4% selecting it as the primary risk factor for bladder cancer. Knowledge of smoking as a risk factor for bladder cancer was not impacted by education, income, smoking status, or personal/family history of cancer. Male gender and exposure to industrial chemicals were identified as risk factors for bladder cancer by a minority of patients (19.3% and 28.0%, respectively). Almost half of all participants surveyed (49.1%) incorrectly identified alcohol use as a risk factor for bladder cancer. Conclusions: Among participants of low socioeconomic status presenting to an urban county hospital, there is a concerning lack of knowledge about the major risk factors for bladder cancer. Given that smoking is a modifiable risk factor, future public education initiatives to prevent bladder cancer should focus on populations with low socioeconomic status as high-yield targets to affect change.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document