Trend of morbidity and mortality of dengue in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, South India

Background: Globally, dengue infection is a mosquito borne viral disease accounts for nearly 50 million cases per year. South East Asia (SEA), Western Pacific, Africa, Eastern Mediterranean and Latin America are all endemic for frequent outbreaks of dengue fever. The burden of dengue is 17 times higher in SEA countries as compared to Japanese encephalitis, upper respiratory tract infections and Hepatitis B. Thus a study was planned to assess the trend of morbidity and mortality of dengue for the period of five years from 2012 to 2016 in Puducherry and Tamil Nadu (TN), South India. Methods: The data were sourced from National Health Profile 2017, WHO vector borne disease fact sheets and official website of National Vector Borne Disease Control Program. Analysis of secondary data was done and results were tabulated. Graphs were plotted to study the trend of the disease. Results: There is a fall in the morbidity of Dengue cases whereas increase in the mortality over the period of five years (2012-2016) in Puducherry. In TN, there is a decrease in trend of morbidity over the past five years and mortality since 2015. However, there is a rising trend of disease in India. Conclusions: Considering the above facts there is no doubt that dengue is a public health problem in Puducherry and Tamil Nadu, which needs urgent action to reduce the burden of dengue.

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Medically Important Vector Borne Disease Control-Botanical Plant Extract Trials

Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences ◽

10.32463/rphs.2018.v04i04.20 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 513

Author(s):

Rakhshan .

Keyword(s):

Disease Control ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Vector Borne Disease ◽

Development Of Resistance ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Synthetic Pesticides ◽

High Level ◽

Continuous Use ◽

Chemical Pesticides

Mosquitoes are vectors of many pathogens which causes serious human diseases like Malaria, Filariasis, Japanese encephalitis, Dengue fever, Chikungunya, Yellow fever and Zika virus which constitute a major public health problem globally. Mosquito borne diseases cause high level of economic impact all over the world and result in millions of death every year. They infect around 700,000,000 people annually worldwide and 40,000,000 only in India. The continuous use of synthetic pesticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance, toxic effect on human health, environmental pollution and addition to these, its adverse effects can be observed on non-target organisms. Synthetic chemical pesticides have been proved to be effective, but overall in last 5 decades indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides against vector borne disease control have originated several ecological issues due to their residual accumulation and development of resistance in target vectors and their chronic effects.

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A comparative study on knowledge and perception of vector borne diseases among rural and urban population in Tamil Nadu

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192342 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 2672

Author(s):

Roselin V. ◽

Srisanthanakrishnan V.

Keyword(s):

Urban Population ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Community Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Vector Borne Disease ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Vector Borne ◽

Knowledge And Practice

Background: Vector-borne diseases (VBD) remain a major public health challenge, in India. Knowledge about VBD, social, demographic and environmental factors strongly influence the vector transmission and results in major outbreaks. Hence this study was conducted to assess knowledge and practice along with environmental conditions prevailing in both rural and urban areas.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted in rural and urban field practice area of Sri Muthukumaran Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, during June 2018 to December 2018. A total of 472 participants with 236 participants from each urban and rural area were included. Data was collected using proforma and analysis was done using SPSS 16.Results: Knowledge about VBD like dengue was 63.6% and 76.7% among rural and urban population, respectively. Similarly malaria was known by knows 59.3% and 68.2% of rural and urban participants. Japanese Encephalitis was the least known mosquito borne disease in both the groups. (p=0.0136). Common breeding sites addressed by the rural population were artificial collected water (36.9%) and urban population was dirty water (42.8%).Conclusions: Knowledge and practice of preventing vector borne disease is still lacking among both rural and urban participants. Spreading knowledge about VBD is a part in effective vector borne disease control which can be achieved by community education alone rather than insecticides and sprays.

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Electron microscopic changes in the nasal membrane of patients with COVID-19 depending on the clinical form and the period of the disease

Journal Infectology ◽

10.22625/2072-6732-2021-13-2-5-13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 5-13

Author(s):

E. V. Kryukov ◽

K. V. Zhdanov ◽

K. V. Kozlov ◽

V. Yu. Kravtsov ◽

O. V. Mal’tsev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Mucous Membrane ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Respiratory Epithelium ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Clinical Form ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections

Given that COVID-19 is a global public health problem and that almost all countries in the world have been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, research is being actively pursued to better understand the effects of the virus on human cells. However, it is not clear what changes are observed in the cells of the main gate of infection – the mucosa of the mouth and the nose at different clinical forms and at different periods of disease. Understanding the ultra-structural cell changes of SARS-CoV-2 targets may help clarify the pathogenic aspects of infection in the lower respiratory tract. In this study, the elements of the life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the cells of the respiratory epithelium of the nose in patients with COVID-19 were evaluated using electron microscopy for the purpose of detecting the peculiarities of viral activity depending on the form and period of disease. Bioptats of the nasal mucous membrane were taken from COVID-19 patients and subsequently examined by electron microscopy. The severity of structural changes in tissue samples, presence of SARSCoV-2 virus in cells were determined, then bioptats were grouped according to the clinical form of the infection process (inapparent, acute upper respiratory tract infections, viral lung disease) and period of disease. It has been established that the most characteristic changes in the mucous membrane of the nose were observed in the first week of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 and occurring in the form of acute respiratory disease, while viral lung infections have had the highest virus density in vesicles within cells, the formation of smooth virus-free vesicles is most common in inapparent forms. The data obtained may indicate that the formation of classical virus-induced changes in the respiratory epithelium of the nose mucous (vesicles with viral particles and signs of their release from the cell) is characteristic of localized forms of infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 (respiratory infection of the upper respiratory tract) and in cases of generalized infection (viral infection of the lungs and probably other organs and systems) accumulation of the infectious agent in high concentrations in vesicles.

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Antibiotics and the development of resistant microorganisms. Can homeopathy be an alternative?

Homeopathy ◽

10.1016/s1475-4916-03-00016-x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 92 (02) ◽

pp. 99-107

Author(s):

Petter Viksveen

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Agricultural Applications ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Almost All

AbstractAntibiotic resistance is a global public health problem. Once confined primarily to hospitals it is now increasingly common in primary care. The prevalence of resistant bacteria is rising, and organisms resistant to almost all antibiotics have been identified. The main causes are indiscriminate prescribing and the use of antibiotics in animal feeds and other agricultural applications. Policies to restrict use of antibiotics have had limited success. Homeopathy may have a role to play in combating the development of antibiotic resistance. Clinical research suggests that homeopathy is effective in the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in children, a frequent cause of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. The EU recommends the use of homeopathy in organic animal husbandry, and it is used by significant numbers of farmers. At present there is little data on the effectiveness of homeopathy in this setting. Further research should be done.

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Does the problem begin at the beginning? Medical students’ knowledge and beliefs regarding antibiotics and resistance: a systematic review

Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control ◽

10.1186/s13756-020-00837-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Natalia Nogueira-Uzal ◽

Maruxa Zapata-Cachafeiro ◽

Olalla Vázquez-Cancela ◽

Ana López-Durán ◽

Maria T. Herdeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Knowledge And Beliefs ◽

High Incidence ◽

Effective Training ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract Background Studies have detected that prescribers display gaps in knowledge and inappropriate attitudes regarding antibiotics and resistances, but it is not known whether these are generated during professional practice or derive from the undergraduate stage of their education. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to identify medical students’ knowledge, beliefs and attitudes regarding antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, and whether these change over the course of their time at medical school. Methods We conducted a search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, and included studies that measured knowledge and/or beliefs and/or attitudes regarding antibiotic prescribing and/or resistance, among medical students. Results Of the 509 studies retrieved, 22 met the inclusion criteria. While medical students perceived resistance as posing a major public health problem, both worldwide and in their own countries, students in the last two course years were more aware of overprescription of antibiotics in general, and of broad-spectrum antibiotics, at their teaching hospital. There was a considerable lack of knowledge about the treatment of high-incidence infections, and upper respiratory tract infections in particular (41–69% of participants believed antibiotics to be useful for treating these), without any differences by course year. Students were conscious of their personal shortcomings and thus showed willing to improve their education. Conclusions Future physicians display important gaps in knowledge, particularly in terms of treatment of high-incidence infections. This finding may be of use when it comes to designing more effective training in antibiotic stewardship for undergraduates.

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The Importance of Platelet Counts in Dengue Infection: 35 Cases and Literature Review

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/107602960401000415 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 399-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Viroj Wiwanitkit

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Literature Review ◽

Incubation Period ◽

Dengue Infection ◽

Clinical Correlation ◽

Classical Form ◽

Anova Test ◽

Vector Borne Disease ◽

Increase Platelet Count ◽

Vector Borne

Dengue infection is a major vector-borne disease. The classical form of this infection has an incubation period of 5 to 8 days followed by fever, violent headache, and chills, with rash developing after 3 to 4 days. A summative report on the platelet count and its clinical correlation to duration of fever in 35 Thai children is presented. Most of the subjects visited to the physician with a complaint for fever. Most patients went to see the physician between the 3rd and the 5th day from the onset of fever. There is no significant correlation between platelet count and duration of fever (ANOVA test, p = 0.28). However, there is a trend of increase platelet count in the later days. In addition, an overview on the previous literatures on platelet count and dengue infection is presented.

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Evaluation of Fluoride Contamination Using GIS in Thirukkazhukundram Block, Tamil Nadu, India

Nature Environment and Pollution Technology ◽

10.46488/nept.2021.v20i05.019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

Author(s):

A. Amuthini Sambhavi ◽

K. Nagamani ◽

B. Gowtham

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

South India ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Geological Condition ◽

Average Output ◽

Fluoride Contamination ◽

Post Monsoon ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Main Factor

The presence of fluoride in the groundwater in the Thirukkazhukundram Block in south India is now becoming an increasingly alarming issue. With the semi-arid climatic conditions, charnockite and gneiss rocks form the basement, contributing to the geology of the study area. The pre-monsoon (August 2016) and post-monsoon (February 2017) fluoride concentrations have an average output of 1.3 mg.L-1 and 0.72 mg.L-1 respectively. As of date, only in Neikuppi, the fluoride contamination is found to be 2 mg.L-1 in pre-monsoon which is beyond the accepted limit as per the WHO standards. Other 29 locations taken up for study have fluoride value fluctuation from 1 mg.L-1 to 2 mg.L-1 in the pre-monsoon and from 0 to 1.5 mg.L-1 in the post-monsoon. The main factor responsible for this fluoride contamination lies in the study area’s hydro-geological condition which must be attended to immediately to prevent a public health problem in the future.

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