scholarly journals An outbreak of krait bite amongst people in the desert sands: the cryptic enemy within

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Vivek Gupta ◽  
M. S. Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Snake Venom ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The Village

Background: Snake bite has been associated with high morbidity and mortality. Personnel are at high risk of snake bite. This investigation was carried out amongst residents with the purpose of identifying the factors that led to the bites and recommending preventive measures.Methods: Three cases bitten by a single snake were investigated retrospectively. Historical data was collected and area reconnaissance was done. The severity of envenomation was assessed using a graded scale. Local authorities were briefed on remedial measures to prevent snake bite cases in future.Results: The three cases of snake bite were rushed to the Primary health centre for first aid. Local signs of envenomation were absent in all cases. Two cases died before reaching the hospital. The third case managed to reach the hospital and was administered anti snake venom and put on ventilatory support, following which he recovered. Absence of local signs, along with the neurotoxic features led to the conclusion that the bite was caused by a krait. Environmental survey revealed that the village was surrounded with thick vegetation, waste disposal was being done too close to the cookhouse and snake trenches were not dug up.Conclusions: The key for preventing fatality in snake bite is the immediate transfer of the victim to the nearest hospital equipped with anti-snake venom and ventilatory support equipment.

scholarly journals Programmatic evaluation of mass drug administration for elimination of lymphatic filariasis and reasons for non-compliance in Gulbarga district, Karnataka in 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5166
Author(s):  
S. J. Naresh Kumar ◽  
B. N. Sunil
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mass Drug Administration ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Primary Health Centre ◽  
The Third ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Diethylcarbamazine Citrate ◽  
Programmatic Evaluation

Background: Mass drug administration (MDA) to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) is conducted once annually in the identified endemic districts of the country. MDA implementation is assessed by appointed independent teams within 2-3 weeks of the activity to suggest mid-term corrections and strengthen the on-going programme. This study was undertaken to assess the process of MDA implementation, drug coverage and compliance and to identify the reasons for non-compliance.Methods: A survey of four clusters comprising of three rural and one urban area was conducted in Gulbarga, during the third week following the MDA campaign in the district. Information pertaining to the MDA beneficiaries of the 124 evaluated households was collected over a period of three days using a structured proforma. The process of MDA implementation was evaluated at the district, taluk and primary health centre (PHC) levels.Results: From the information collected on 673 inmates of the households surveyed, the coverage and compliance rates of 87.5 and 60.9% respectively was found for diethylcarbamazine citrate and albendazole distribution and consumption. The important reasons for non–compliance to swallow the drugs identified were the beneficiaries being out of station during the campaign, was not aware of it, the drug distributer did not visit the beneficiaries house and fear of side effects of the drugs.Conclusions: Efforts to improve the compliance to consumption of the anti-filarial drugs at Gulbarga district is required for elimination of LF. 

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE MEDICO-SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MORBIDITY AMONG ADULTS AND CHILDREN IN THE ARAB COUNTRIES OF THE MIDDLE EAST

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valеriy S. Polunin ◽  
Abdul Majid Ali Al-Sabunchi ◽  
V. V Korolik ◽  
G. N Buslayeva
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Primary Health Services ◽  
The Village

For morbidity is assessed the health of the population, which influence the socio-economic conditions and lifestyle factors, conditions and external factors Wednesday, biological conditions and factors, conditions and factors of the system and service health care. In Russia regularly examines the details of medico-demographic aspects of population health, but the necessary activities to enhance the health of the population of the countries of the Middle East hampered by various problems. Purpose - a study of the medico-social aspects of morbidity among adults and children in the Arab countries of the Middle East. Materials and methods. The research of health status of the population and the influence of socio-hygienic factors in Yemen, Iraq and Syria during the period of 2005-2010, studied modern informational materials on this issue. Results-the health status of the population of Yemen, Iraq and Syria is under the constant influence of the complex socio-hygienic factors mostly negative for the high morbidity of population, the low availability of medical assistance and health literacy, poor living conditions, material income. The first 5 places in the structure of morbidity of the population occupy: andnfekcionnye and parasitic diseases (28.3%), diseases of bodies of digestion (26.1%), respiratory (13.7%), circulatory (12.3%), injuries ( 3.6%), accounting for 83.5% of pathology. Total morbidity adult and children population of the countries surveyed the first three places are occupied by respiratory diseases, infectious diseases and diseases of the digestive system. Almost half of the urban population have daccess to primary health services in the countries studied, the inhabitants of the village-only every fourth. This process in the period from 2011 to 2017 years worsened in connection with military actions. Correction of the prevailing situation is possible only with the establishment of peace and the use of preventive recommendations.

scholarly journals Tourniquet application in snake bite: are we aware?

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3031
Author(s):  
Gaveshna Gargi ◽  
Amit Saini
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Facility ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Snake Venom ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Snake Bite ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Management Protocol

Background: To assess the use of tourniquets as mentioned in National Snake Bite Management Protocol among peripheral health care providers.Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary care institute between June 2016 to June 2017. A total of 36 patients of snake bite referred from peripheral health facility were enrolled in the study and were evaluated for : date and time of bite, site of bite, weather snake was seen, type of envenomation, first aid given in Govt facility/alternative practitioner, tourniquet applied/not applied, anti snake venom given/not given as first aid and outcome.Results: The mean age of the study population was 39 years (17.38) range 18 years to 75 years. 18 patients were male and 18 were female. 30 (83.3%) patients had site of bite over the extremities’. The venom was hemotoxic in 12 (33.3%) patients and neurotoxic 21 (58.3%). 30 (83.3%) patients  received first aid in the Government health facility  manned by qualified in healthcare practitioner and 6 (16.7%) were treated by traditional healers. 29 (80.6%) patients had a tight tourniquet tied to the site of the bite when seen in emergency department of institute. None of the patients had their limbs splinted. 31 (86.1%) patients had received anti snake venom (ASV) at the peripheral health facility. The mortality rate was 5.6% with only 2 deaths.Conclusions: The majority of peripheral health care providers both qualified and unqualified use tourniquets in patients suffering with snake bite. The peripheral health care providers are not aware of importance of limb splinting and immobilisation. Though the rate of instilling ASV is good, the health care providers in the peripheral institutes should be made aware of recommendations of national snake bite management protocol with regard to use of tourniquets and limb splitting in snake bite patients.

A cross sectional study on menstrual hygiene practices among the village women attending a primary health centre, Tripura

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3332
Author(s):  
Dilip Kumar Das ◽  
Tamal Chakraborty ◽  
Saumik Chakraborty ◽  
Kaushik Tripura ◽  
Arindam Datta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Primary Health Centre ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Village Women ◽  
The Village

Background: Hygienic practices performed by the rural women during menstrual cycle is often remain unsatisfactory, resulting adverse health outcomes and poor productivity. Assessment of the practices among different population groups as well as different geographical locations thus has been a priority issue. The objective of this study is to assess the menstrual hygiene practices among the village women attending a Primary Health Centre of Sipahijala district, Tripura.Methods: The study was conducted among 141 village women of reproductive age group (15-49 years), visited Madhupur primary health centre, Sipahijala district, Tripura for some other health conditions. Unwilling individuals were excluded from the study. Data were collected using a pre-designed pre tested schedule by interviewing the participants for basic socio-demographic variables as well as questions related to hygienic practices during menstrual period. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20 and presented using principles of descriptive statistics. Ethical clearance was obtained from Institutional Ethics Committee, Tripura Medical College.Results: Majority of the study subjects belonged to 21-30 years of age group (49.3%). Cloth was the major absorbent material (44.0%) followed by sanitary napkin (36.2%). 47.5% of the study subjects reused the material. Only 2.1% of the study subjects changed the material less than 2 times/day. More than 90% of the study subjects clean their private parts regularly. 66.0% of the study subjects disposed the material in dustbin.Conclusions: Majority of the participants were performing satisfactory menstrual hygienic practices. However, large scale analytical studies will be helpful to draw a definite conclusion about influence of sociodemographic factors on menstrual hygiene practices.

scholarly journals Clinical diagnosis in paediatric patients at urban primary health care facilities in southern Malawi: a longitudinal observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mtisunge Joshua Gondwe ◽  
Marc Y. R. Henrion ◽  
Thomasena O’Byrne ◽  
Clemens Masesa ◽  
Norman Lufesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Secondary Level ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Sick Children

Abstract Background Despite health centres being the first point of contact of care, there are challenges faced in providing care to patients at this level. In Malawi, service provision barriers reported at this level included long waiting times, high numbers of patients and erratic consultation systems which lead to mis-diagnosis and delayed referrals. Proper case management at this level of care is critical to prevent severe disease and deaths in children. We aimed to adopt Emergency, Triage, Assessment and Treatment algorithm (ETAT) to improve ability to identify severe illness in children at primary health centre (PHC) through comparison with secondary level diagnoses. Methods We implemented ETAT mobile Health (mHealth) at eight urban PHCs in Blantyre, Malawi between April 2017 and September 2018. Health workers and support staff were trained in mHealth ETAT. Stabilisation rooms were established and equipped with emergency equipment. All PHCs used an electronic tracking system to triage and track sick children on referral to secondary care, facilitated by a unique barcode. Support staff at PHC triaged sick children using ETAT Emergency (E), Priority (P) and Queue (Q) symptoms and clinician gave clinical diagnosis. The secondary level diagnosis was considered as a gold standard. We used statistical computing software R (v3.5.1) and used exact 95% binomial confidence intervals when estimating diagnosis agreement proportions. Results Eight-five percentage of all cases where assigned to E (9.0%) and P (75.5%) groups. Pneumonia was the most common PHC level diagnosis across all three triage groups (E, P, Q). The PHC level diagnosis of trauma was the most commonly confirmed diagnosis at secondary level facility (85.0%), while a PHC diagnosis of pneumonia was least likely to be confirmed at secondary level (39.6%). The secondary level diagnosis least likely to have been identified at PHC level was bronchiolitis 3 (5.2%). The majority of bronchiolitis cases (n = 50; (86.2%) were classified as pneumonia at the PHC level facility. Conclusions Implementing a sustainable and consistent ETAT approach with stabilisation and treatment capacity at PHC level reinforce staff capacity to diagnose and has the potential to reduce other health system costs through fewer, timely and appropriate referrals.

Results of Archaeoparasitological and Palynological Analyzes of the Contents of the Sewage Drain of the Chorgun Tower (South-Western Crimea)

2021 ◽  
pp. 377-389
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Nedelkin ◽  
◽  
Alexander Khrustalev ◽  
Anna Babenko ◽  
Sergey Slepchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Third ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Palynological Study ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
The Village ◽  
Constant Source

The article presents the results of an archaeoparasitological and palynological study of a sample taken from the sewage drain of the Chorgun Tower. This is a fortification on the territory of the village of Chernorechie (South-Western Crimea). According to archaeological research, the construction of the keep dates back to the third quarter of the 15th century. Four types of eggs of intestinal parasites infecting humans and synanthropic animals were identified in the sample. Regarding parasitic and infectious gastrointestinal diseases, human whipworm and roundworm eggs found in the sample are indicative of relatively unfavorable sanitary conditions of the fortification. Based on the features of the archaeoparasitological spectrum, it can be concluded that anthelminthic agents were used or food with antiparasitic effects against roundworms was consumed. The difficult sanitary and epidemiological situation was also complicated by synanthropic rodents, such as rats and domestic mice, which could be a constant source of dangerous infections in the Chorgun Keep. A palynological study of the contents of the sewage runoff made it possible to obtain additional information on the nutrition of people who used the latrine facilities in the Chorgun Keep. What is equally important is that the study demonstrates the possibilities of methods for the study of canalization as a source of bioarchaeological information.

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