scholarly journals A clinicopathological study of the lesions of paranasal sinuses causing proptosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1238
Author(s):  
Vineeth Abraham Anchery ◽  
Viswanathan Kavathur
Keyword(s):  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Nasal Sinus ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Benign Tumours

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The orbit and its contents lie in close proximity to the paranasal sinuses. The aim of the study was to analyse the lesions of paranasal sinuses causing proptosis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> All patients with proptosis secondary to paranasal sinus disease were taken up for a systematic otolaryngological and ophthalmological clinical evaluation and investigation using a standard proforma. Incidence of various disease of paranasal sinuses causing proptosis, age and sex distribution, incidence of different symptoms and signs and its association with proptosis were estimated. The reversible and irreversible nature of the proptosis in relation to the degree of proptosis and the histopathological nature of the disease were studied.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Malignant diseases were found to be the commonest lesion that caused proptosis. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histopathological type. Invasive fungal sinusitis among inflammatory and inverted papilloma among benign tumours were the commonest lesions that cause proptosis. Male preponderance was seen in the inflammatory and malignant lesions and the commonest symptoms were headache and nasal obstruction. Malignancies caused faster proptosis than benign and inflammatory lesions. Analysis of X-ray and computed tomography (CT) findings were also done.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Malignant lesions are the most common para nasal sinus disease that cause proptosis. Duration of illness and degree of proptosis varied with the underlying disease process. With inflammatory proptosis some underlying sinus pathology in addition to the sinusitis is found in all cases. CT is a better modality to identify underlying pathology.</p>

scholarly journals Fungal sinusitis clinical presentation, latest management: A Review Update

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Bithi Bhowmik
Keyword(s):  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Fungus Ball ◽  
Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Allergic Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Invasive Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Radiologic Imaging ◽  
Chronic Invasive

Fungal sinusitis is a relatively common, often misdiagnosed disease process involving the paranasal sinuses. It is a serious condition, as certain forms of fungal sinusitis are associated with a high rate of mortality. Successful treatment requires a prompt diagnosis and frequently relies on radiologic imaging, specifically computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The classification of fungal sinusitis is ever changing, but under the most current and widely accepted classification fungal sinusitis is broadly categorized as either invasive or noninvasive. Invasive fungal sinusitis is defined by the presence of fungal hyphae within the mucosa, submucosa, bone, or blood vessels of the paranasal sinuses. Invasive fungal sinusitis is subdivided into acute invasive fungal sinusitis, chronic invasive fungal sinusitis, and chronic granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis. Conversely, noninvasive fungal sinusitis is defined by the absence of hyphae within the mucosal and other tissues of the paranasal sinuses. Noninvasive fungal sinusitis is subdivided into allergic fungal sinusitis and fungus ball (fungal mycetoma).Journal of Science Foundation, 2014;12(1):16-19

Wegener's Granulomatosis: The Role of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert H. Park ◽  
James A. Stankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽  
Wegener’S Granulomatosis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Wegener's Granulomatosis ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Endoscopic Drainage ◽  
Sinus Disease

Conventional wisdom has dictated that the patient with Wegener's Granulomatosis may benefit from a Caldwell Luc or external ethmoidectomy in the treatment of sinusitis. No studies, however, have specifically evaluated the efficacy of such drainage procedures especially with respect to endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Nineteen patients diagnosed with Wegener's Granulomatosis were evaluated to assess the efficacy of medical and surgical treatment of their sinus disease. Four of these patients eventually required ESS after failure to treat their sinus disease medically. ESS was performed to drain the obstructed sinuses (three patients) or a mucocele (one patient). Initially, the sinuses were patent, but two patients developed persistent scarring and crusting associated with the chronicity and activity of their systemic disease. These results underscore the difficulty in treating these patients and the fact that despite adequate endoscopic drainage and meticulous postoperative care the underlying disease process may relentlessly cause scarring and sinus obstruction. These patients require continuous medical and intensive surgical therapy for the best chance for sinus disease control.

scholarly journals Clinical Correlation of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Lok Ram Verma ◽  
Anshu Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Sinus Disease ◽  
Chronic Rhino Sinusitis ◽  
Age Range

Background: Chronic rhino sinusitis with and without nasal polyps represent different group of one chronic inflammatory disease of the mucosa of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Coexistence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps' has similar characteristics of inflammation that supports assumption that chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps may at least be in part, the same disease process. Objectives: This study is aimed to correlate the chronic rhinosinusitis associated with nasal polyps. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study was conducted on the patients attending the department of ENT in NGMC teaching hospital from March 2016 to September 2017. Result: There were 70 cases including 47male and 23 female, with an age range of 17 years to 65 years. Conclusion: This study supports that a patient with chronic rhinosinusitis associated with nasal polyps is a subtype of chronic sinus disease.

Drug-Induced Movement Disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Amy Lustig ◽  
Cesar Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Extrapyramidal Symptoms ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
General Overview ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Broad Understanding ◽  
Underlying Disease Process

The purpose of this article is to present a general overview of the features of drug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) comprised by Parkinsonism and extrapyramidal symptoms. Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who work with patients presenting with these issues must have a broad understanding of the underlying disease process. This article will provide a brief introduction to the neuropathophysiology of DIMDs, a discussion of the associated symptomatology, the pharmacology implicated in causing DIMDs, and the medical management approaches currently in use.

Measuring Disease Modification in Alzheimer's Disease

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (S1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Cummings
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Disease Modification ◽  
Amyloid Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Disease Modifying

AbstractWe appear to be on the brink of a new epoch of treatment for Alzheimer's disease. Compelling evidence suggests that Aβ42 secretion is the triggering event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and that tau aggregation may be an important secondary event linked to neurodegeneration. Prophylactic administration of anti-amyloid agents designed to prevent Aβ accumulation in persons with subclinical disease is likely to be more effective than therapeutic interventions in established Alzheimer's disease. Drug development programs in Alzheimer's disease focus primarily on agents with anti-amyloid disease-modifying properties, and many different pharmacologic approaches to reducing amyloid pathology and tauopathy are being studied. Classes of therapeutic modalities currently in advanced-stage clinical trial testing include forms of immunotherapy (active β -amyloid immunoconjugate and human intravenous immunoglobulin), a γ-secretase inhibitor, the selective Aβ42-lowering agent R-flurbiprofen, and the anti-aggregation agent tramiprosate. Non-traditional dementia therapies such as the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), valproate, and lithium are now being assessed for clinical benefit as anti-amyloid disease-modifying treatments. Positive findings of efficacy and safety from clinical studies are necessary but not sufficient to demonstrate that a drug has disease-modifying properties. Definitive proof of disease-modification requires evidence from validated animal models of Alzheimer's disease; rigorously controlled clinical trials showing a significantly improved, stabilized, or slowed rate of decline in cognitive and global function compared to placebo; and prospectively obtained evidence from surrogate biomarkers that the treatment resulted in measurable biological changes associated with the underlying disease process.

LXXXI Optic Nerve Complications of Accessory Nasal Sinus Disease

1938 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 989-1019
Author(s):  
Israel Strauss ◽  
William Needles
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Nasal Sinus ◽  
Sinus Disease

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Outcomes of a Racially Diverse Population with Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Payan Schober ◽  
Meghan A. Jobson ◽  
Caroline J. Poulton ◽  
Harsharan K. Singh ◽  
Volker Nickeleit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Fibrillary Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Black Patients ◽  
End Stage ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The University

Background: Fibrillary glomerulonephritis is characterized by randomly arranged fibrils, approximately 20 nm in diameter by electron microscopy. Patients present with proteinuria, hematuria and kidney insufficiency, and about half of the reported patients progress to end-stage kidney disease within 4 years. The dependence of patient characteristics and outcomes on race has not been explored. In this study, we describe a cohort of patients with fibrillary glomerulonephritis and compare their clinical characteristics and outcomes with those of patients previously described. Methods: The University of North Carolina (UNC) Nephropathology Database was used to retrospectively identify patients diagnosed with fibrillary glomerulonephritis between 1985 and 2015. Of these patients, those treated at UNC were selected. Their demographic and clinical characteristics - including signs and symptoms, comorbidities, laboratory values, treatments and outcomes - were compared with those of patients described earlier. Results: Among the 287 patients identified, 42 were treated at the UNC Kidney Center. When compared to earlier cohorts, a higher frequency of black race, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and use of hemodialysis were noted in both black and HCV-positive patients. Autoimmune diseases, infections and malignancies were frequently observed, present in over half of all cases. Conclusion: According to this study, fibrillary glomerulonephritis represents a secondary glomerular disease process (associated with autoimmune disease, infection or malignancy) in many cases and hence screening is essential. As the screening for comorbidities increased over time, more underlying causes were identified. We noted a high frequency of HCV among black patients, suggesting a possible causative association. Treatment of underlying disease is essential for patients for the best outcome.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Thrombocytopenia

DICP ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis M. Hoffman ◽  
Rocco F. Caruso ◽  
Timothy Mirando
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Globulin ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Thrombocytopenia has emerged as a major hematological manifestation associated with AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients. A study of homosexual patients with thrombocytopenia indicates 93 percent had serological evidence of HIV exposure whereas only 33 percent of homosexuals without thrombocytopenia exhibited this finding. Thrombocytopenia in patients with hemophilia has been identified as an increased risk factor for AIDS development and has been observed in about one-third of children with AIDS. The management of thrombocytopenia in HIV-infected patients poses a therapeutic dilemma for clinicians since many of the traditional modalities for treating immune thrombocytopenia may adversely affect the underlying disease process or further compromise the immune system. Splenectomy, corticosteroids, danazol, intravenous immune globulin, vincristine, and RHo(D) immune globulin have all been used with variable results. A new technique that physically removes antibodies and immune complexes associated with thrombocytopenia is under investigation. Due to either toxicity or the high incidence of transient response, asymptomatic patients may not be candidates for treatment.

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF CT ASSESSMENT OF SUPRAVESICAL URINARY TRACT IN PATIENTS AFTER CYSTILEOPLASTICS

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
O P Sukhanova ◽  
T S Borondzhiyan ◽  
E V Minasyan
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Radical Cystectomy ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
The State ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Degrees Of Severity ◽  
Late Postoperative Period ◽  
Ct Studies

The purpose of the research was to determine morphological and urodynamic changes of supravesical urinary tract in patients after cystileoplastics. Methods. CT studies in the late postoperative period in 19 patients after radical cystectomy, combined with vesiculoprostatectomy and cystoileoplastics and malignant lesions of the bladder were performed. Results. None of cases revealed signs of continued growth. In 57% of the cases it was evidence of lymphadenopathy in the absence of negative dynamics of the underlying disease. No dependence of the state of anastomoses of the volume formed by the reservoir and the degree of shortening of the ureter was found. In assessing the state of supravesical urinary tract 11 from 19 (57,8%) patients were registered varying degrees of severity gidroureteronephrosis, and in 4 patients, pelvic ureteric reflux. All patients with urodynamic disorders identified "new bladder" had less volume than patients who did not have these disorders. Conclusion. CT study is the method of choice in the evaluation of supravesical urinary tract after cystoileoplastics for timely prevention of complications of an inflammatory process. It was revealed that the degree of changes in the urinary tract depending of the volume of the reservoir formed, requires further analysis.

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