scholarly journals Middle third clavicle fractures are the most common fractures in head injuries: a biomechanical and epidemiological study in 1000 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Sridhar Gopal Rajagopalan ◽  
Saravanan Vasudevan ◽  
Raghav Ravi Veeraraghavan ◽  
Pravin Kumar Vanchi ◽  
Mohan Kumar Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Outstretched Hand ◽  
Clavicle Fractures ◽  
Direct Blow

<p class="abstract">A consecutive series of 1000 cases of head injury, out of which 385 patients presented with fractures. In the 385 patients with fractures, 179 patients presented with clavicle fractures, among that, 127 are middle third fractures. Out of the 189 patients who had clavicle fractures, 90% of them had direct blow to shoulders and 10% had fallen on the outstretched hand. This variation with the mechanism of injury was further investigated by biomechanical analysis of the forces involved in clavicular fractures.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Head Injury during Backward Fall with Side Aligning of the Body

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8239
Author(s):  
Andrzej Mroczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Training Simulator ◽  
Physical Education Students ◽  
Sports Club ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: The aim of this article is to investigate the susceptibility to head injuries in physical education students who do not train a specific sports discipline and those who use the fall performed backward with side aligning of the body technique. The other goal is the biomechanical analysis of the impact of the fall technique on the likelihood of head injury. (2) Methods: the study included 57 students, divided into two research groups. Group A consisted of 32 students who had not practiced any sport in a sports club before. Group B consisted of 25 students who, by practicing martial arts, had acquired the skill of the fall performed backward with side aligning of the body. A rotating training simulator (RTS) was used to force the fall backwards. (3) Results: students from group B made significantly fewer “head” errors when falling backwards than in group A. Increasing the speed of falling did not increase the number of “head” errors in group B, but only in group A. The type of the fall test performed affected the increase in the number of “head” errors only in group A. (4) Conclusions: practicing selected sports disciplines in which the fall backwards occurs can protect one against head injuries by acquiring appropriate motor habits. The use of the fall performed backward with side aligning of the body technique with the occurrence of horizontal inertia forces causing a fall reduces the risk of head injuries.

scholarly journals Descriptive Epidemiology of Adolescent Clavicle Fractures: Results From the FACTS (Function after Adolescent Clavicle Trauma and Surgery) Prospective, Multicenter Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596712092134
Author(s):  
Henry B. Ellis ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Donald S. Bae ◽  
Leslie A. Kalish ◽  
Philip L. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Multicenter Cohort Study ◽  
Multicenter Cohort ◽  
Clavicle Fractures ◽  
Operative Fixation ◽  
Direct Blow

Background: The majority of previous investigations on operative fixation of clavicle fractures have been related to the adult population, with occasional assessments of the younger, more commonly affected adolescent population. Despite limited prospective data for adolescents, the incidence of operative fixation of adolescent diaphyseal clavicle fractures has increased. Purpose: To detail the demographic features and descriptive epidemiology of a large pooled cohort of adolescent patients with diaphyseal clavicle fractures presenting to pediatric tertiary care centers in the United States through an observational, prospective, multicenter cohort study (Function after Adolescent Clavicle Trauma and Surgery [FACTS]). Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients aged 10 to 18 years who were treated for a diaphyseal clavicle fracture between August 2013 and February 2016 at 1 of 8 geographically diverse, high-volume, tertiary care pediatric centers were screened. Treatment was rendered by any of the pediatric orthopaedic providers at each of the 8 institutions, which totaled more than 50 different providers. Age, sex, race, ethnicity, fracture laterality, hand dominance, mechanism of injury, injury activity, athletic participation, fracture characteristics, and treatment decisions were prospectively recorded in those who were eligible and consented to enroll. Results: A total of 545 patients were included in the cohort. The mean age of the study population was 14.1 ± 2.1 years, and 79% were male. Fractures occurred on the nondominant side (56%) more frequently than the dominant side (44%). Sport was the predominant activity during which the injury occurred (66%), followed by horseplay (12%) and biking (6%). The primary mechanism of injury was a direct blow/hit to the shoulder (60%). Overall, 54% were completely displaced fractures, defined as fractures with no anatomic cortical contact between fragments. Mean shortening within the completely displaced group was 21.9 mm when measuring the distance between fragment ends (end to end) and 12.4 mm when measuring the distance between the fragment end to the corresponding cortical defect (cortex to corresponding cortex) on the other fragment (ie, true shortening). Comminution was present in 18% of all fractures. While 83% of all clavicle fractures were treated nonoperatively, 32% of completely displaced fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation. Conclusion: Adolescent clavicle fractures occurred more commonly in male patients during sports, secondary to a direct blow to the shoulder, and on the nondominant side. Slightly more than half of these fractures were completely displaced, and approximately one-fifth were comminuted. Within this large cohort, approximately one-third of patients with completely displaced fractures underwent surgery, allowing for future prospective comparative analyses of radiographic, clinical, and functional outcomes.

Biomechanical Analysis of Personalised 3D-Printed Clavicle Plates of Different Materials to Treat Midshaft Clavicle Fractures

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Rongshan Cheng ◽  
Ziang Jiang ◽  
Dimitris Dimitriou ◽  
Weihua Gong ◽  
Tsung-Yuan Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Clavicle Fractures

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes of Head Injury in Bangladesh: Perspective from the Largest Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukriti Das ◽  
Bipin Chaurasia ◽  
Dipankar Ghosh ◽  
Asit Chandra Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Acute Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Economic impact is much worse in developing countries like Bangladesh, as victims are frequently male, productive, and breadwinners of the families. Objectives The objective of our study was to highlight the etiological pattern and distribution of varieties of head injuries in Bangladesh and give recommendations regarding how this problem can be solved or reduce to some extent at least. Methods From January 2017 to December 2019, a total of 14,552 patients presenting with head injury at emergency got admitted in Neurosurgery department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and were included in this study. Results The most common age group was 21 to 30 years (36%: 5,239) with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. Injury was mostly caused by road traffic accident (RTA [58.3%: 8,484]), followed by fall (25%: 3,638) and history of assault (15.3%: 2,226). The common varieties of head injury were: acute extradural hematoma (AEDH [42.30%: 1,987]), skull fracture either linear or depressed (28.86%: 1,347), acute subdural hematoma (ASDH [12.30%: 574]), brain contusion (10.2%: 476), and others (6.04%: 282). Conclusion RTA is the commonest cause of TBI, and among them motor bike accident is the severe most form of TBI. AEDH is the commonest variety of head injuries. Proper steps taken by the Government, vehicle owners, and drivers, and proper referral system and prompt management in the hospital can reduce the mortality and morbidity from TBI in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Emergency Department Visits From 2014 to 2018 for Head Injuries in Youth Non-Tackle Football Compared With Other Sports

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 232596712097540
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Zendler ◽  
Ron Jadischke ◽  
Jared Frantz ◽  
Steve Hall ◽  
Grant C. Goulet
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Cerebral Contusion ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Tackle Football

Background: Non-tackle football (ie, flag, touch, 7v7) is purported to be a lower-risk alternative to tackle football, particularly in terms of head injuries. However, data on head injuries in non-tackle football are sparse, particularly among youth participants. Purpose: To describe the epidemiology of  emergency department visits for head injuries due to non-tackle football among youth players in the United States and compare the data with basketball, soccer, and tackle football. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Injury data from 2014 to 2018 were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database. Injury reports coded for patients aged 6 to 18 years and associated with basketball, football, or soccer were extracted. Data were filtered to include only injuries to the head region, specifically, the head, ear, eyeball, mouth, or face. Football injuries were manually assigned to “non-tackle” or “tackle” based on the injury narratives. Sports & Fitness Industry Association data were used to estimate annual sport participation and calculate annual injury rates per 100,000 participant-years. Results: A total of 26,770 incident reports from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. For head region injuries in non-tackle football, the head was the most commonly injured body part, followed by the face; the most common diagnosis was a laceration, followed by concussion and internal injury (defined as an unspecified head injury or internal head injury [eg, subdural hematoma or cerebral contusion]). The most common contacting object was another player. The projected national rate of head region injuries was lowest for non-tackle football across the 4 sports. In particular, the projected rate of injuries to the head for non-tackle football (78.0 per 100,000 participant-years) was less than one-fourth the rates for basketball (323.5 per 100,000 participant-years) and soccer (318.2 per 100,000 participant-years) and less than one-tenth the rate for tackle football (1478.6 per 100,000 participant-years). Conclusion: Among youth in the United States aged 6 to 18 years who were treated in the emergency department for injuries related to playing non-tackle football, the most common diagnosis for injuries to the head region was a laceration, followed by a concussion. Head region injuries associated with non-tackle football occurred at a notably lower rate than basketball, soccer, or tackle football.

scholarly journals 31 Head home: a prospective cohort study of a nurse led paediatric head injury clinical decision tool at a district general hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 853-854
Author(s):  
Patrick Aldridge ◽  
Heather Castle ◽  
Emma Russell ◽  
Clare Phillips ◽  
Richard Guerrero-Luduena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Negative Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Decision Tool ◽  
Intracranial Injury ◽  
Multi Centre Study ◽  
Paediatric Head Injury ◽  
Published Evidence

Aims/Objectives/BackgroundObjectivesTo assess if application of a nurse-led paediatric head injury clinical decision tool would be safe compared to current practice.Background>700,000 children attend UK hospitals’ each year with a head injury. Research indicates <1% undergo neurosurgical intervention. No published evidence for nurse-led discharge of paediatric head injuries exists.Methods/DesignMethods – All paediatric (<17 years) patients with head injuries presenting to our Emergency department (ED) 1st May to 31st October 2018 were prospectively screened by a nurse using a mandated electronic ‘Head Injury Discharge At Triage’ questionnaire (HIDATq). We determined which patients underwent computed tomography (CT) brain and whether there was a clinically important intracranial injury or re-presentation to ED. The negative predictive value of the screening tool was assessed. We determined what proportion of patients could have been sent home from triage using HIDATq.Results/ConclusionsResults - Of 1739 patients screened; 61 had CTs performed due to head injury (6 abnormal) with a CT rate of 3.5% and 2% re-presentations. Of the entire cohort, 1052 screened negative. 1 CT occurred in this group showing no abnormalities. Of those screened negative: 349/1052 (33%) had ‘no other injuries’ and 543/1052 (52%) had ‘abrasions or lacerations’. HIDATq’s negative predictive value for CT was 99.9% (95% Confidence interval (CI) 99.4–99.9%) and 100% (CI 99.0–100%) for intracranial injury. The positive predictive value of the tool was low. Five patients screened negative and re-presented within 72hrs but did not require CT imaging.Conclusion - A negative HIDATq appears safe in our ED. Potentially 20% (349/1739) of all patients with head injuries presenting to our department could be discharged by nurses at triage with adequate safety netting advice. This increases to 50% (543/1739) if patients with lacerations or abrasions were treated and discharged at triage. A large multi-centre study is required to validate the tool.

scholarly journals Famous head injuries of the first aerial war: deaths of the “Knights of the Air”

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. E5
Author(s):  
Prateeka Koul ◽  
Christine Mau ◽  
Victor M. Sabourin ◽  
Chirag D. Gandhi ◽  
Charles J. Prestigiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
World War I ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
World War ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Traumatic Head ◽  
The Media

World War I advanced the development of aviation from the concept of flight to the use of aircraft on the battlefield. Fighter planes advanced technologically as the war progressed. Fighter pilot aces Francesco Baracca and Manfred von Richthofen (the Red Baron) were two of the most famous pilots of this time period. These courageous fighter aces skillfully maneuvered their SPAD and Albatros planes, respectively, while battling enemies and scoring aerial victories that contributed to the course of the war. The media thrilled the public with their depictions of the heroic feats of fighter pilots such as Baracca and the Red Baron. Despite their aerial prowess, both pilots would eventually be shot down in combat. Although the accounts of their deaths are debated, it is undeniable that both were victims of traumatic head injury.

Inappropriate Discharge Instructions for Youth Athletes Hospitalized for Concussion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-218
Author(s):  
Frank J. Genuardi ◽  
William D. King
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Discharge Instructions ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Closed Head Injuries ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Grade 3

Objective. To evaluate the medical care, especially the discharge instructions regarding return to participation, received by youth athletes hospitalized for a closed head injury. Methods. We examined the records of all patients admitted over a 5-year period (1987 through 1991) to The Children's Hospital of Alabama for a sports-related closed head injury. Descriptive information was recorded and discharge instructions reviewed. Injury severity was graded according to guidelines current during the study period, as well as those outlined most recently by the Colorado Medical Society, which have been endorsed by a number of organizations including the American Academy of Pediatrics. Discharge instructions recorded for each patient were then compared with those recommended in the guidelines. Results. We identified 33 patients with sports-related closed head injuries. Grade 1 concussions (least severe) occurred in 8 patients (24.2%), grade 2 in 10 (30.3%), and grade 3 (most severe) in 15 (45.4%). Overall, discharge instructions were appropriate for only 10 patients (30.3%), including all with grade 1 concussions, but only 2 with a grade 2 (20.0%) and none with a grade 3 concussion. Conclusion. All who care for youth athletes must become familiar with the guidelines for management of concussion to provide appropriate care and counseling and to avoid a tragic outcome.

scholarly journals Horse-related incidents and factors for predicting injuries to the head

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Meredith ◽  
Robert Ekman ◽  
Robert Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Dental Services ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Local Healthcare

ObjectivesHead injuries are the leading cause of death in horse-related injury events and, even since the introduction of helmets, represent a sizeable proportion of all horse-related injuries. Falls from horseback and kicks to the head are the most frequent type of incident causing head injuries, but it is unknown whether these incidents are predictors of head injury. This study aimed to investigate head injuries and the association between incident type and head injury.MethodRetrospective review of 7815 horse-related injury events was conducted. Data were gathered from hospitals, local healthcare centres and public dental services in Skaraborg, Sweden. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the association between the incident type and occurrence of head injury while controlling for risk factors.ResultsApproximately 20% of riders sustained a head injury, mostly soft tissue injuries (56.3%) and concussions (33.4%). A fall from or with the horse was the primary cause of head injury (63.9%). Those who fell from a carriage or other height or who were injured through contact with the horse had no difference in the likelihood of head injury when compared with those that fell from or with the horse. However, those who sustained an injury without any horse contact had lower odd of head injury (OR: 0.640, p<0.00005, 95% CI 0.497 to 0.734). Additionally, the older the rider, the lower the odds of head injury (OR=0.989, p<0.00005, 95% CI 0.985 to 0.993).ConclusionImproved protection for those suffering falls from horseback as well as those who are kicked in the head should be investigated.

scholarly journals Epidemiological study of fatal road traffic accident cases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-257
Author(s):  
O Gambhir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio

The present study is an epidemiological study of fatal Road Traffic (RTA) cases brought and admitted in our tertiary health care centre from Nov 2017 to December 2019. There were 148 fatal RTA cases involving 112 males and 36 female. In the present study males cases outnumbered the female with an approximate male female ratio of 3.1:1. Many cases of fatal head injuries were due to four & two wheelers. Most commonly seen external injuries were abrasions. Lower limbs showed fractured in 31 cases, 20.95%, and upper limbs showed fractured in 22 cases, 14.89%. So, far case fatality is concerned involvement of head plays the most important role.

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