A study on epidemiological factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy

Abstract BackgroundUptake of deworming drugs is one of the important antenatal strategies in preventing anaemia in pregnancy. Little is known about the factors associated with uptake of the de-worming drugs. This study aimed at identifying the factors associated with the uptake of de-worming drugs during pregnancy among women of reproductive age.Method: The study used data from the 2015-16 Tanzania HIV Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicators Survey (2015-16 TDHS-MIS). A total of 6924 women of active reproductive age from 15 to 49 were included in the analysis. Both univariate and multiple regression analyses were used to determine the factors associated with uptake of deworming drugs among women of reproductive age in Tanzania.Results: Majority of interviewed women 3864(60.1%) took deworming drug while a total of 2560(39.9%) did not take deworming drugs. After controlling for confounders, factors associated with uptake of deworming drugs were early antenatal booking, (AOR=1.404 at 95% CI=1.24-1.59,p<0.001); age group of a woman [20 to 34years (AOR=1.382 at 95% CI=1.125-1.696, p=0.002), more than 34years (AOR=1.287 at 95% CI=1.004-1.65, p=0.046)] age less than 20 years was a reference population; rural residence (AOR=1.53 at 95% CI=1.099-2.128,p=0.012); wealth index [middle (AOR=1.151 at 95% CI=1.003-1.32,p=0.044), rich (AOR=1.378 at 95% CI=1.185-1.602, p<0.001) poor was a reference population; level of education [higher level (AOR=2.455 at 95% CI=1.189-5.067,p=0.015)] no formal education was a reference population; parity [para 5 and above (AOR=0.993 at 95% CI=0.824-1.197,p<0.001)] para one was the reference population; zones [Mainland rural (AOR=0.439 at 95% CI=0.307-0.628,p<0.001), Zanzibar Island (AOR=0.22 at 95% CI=0.158-0.306, p<0.001) and Pemba Island AOR=0.493 at 95% CI=0.337-0.723, p<0.001.ConclusionFactors associated with uptake of deworming drugs were early antenatal booking, age group, rural residence, zonal residence, wealth index, level of education, and parity. Considering the outcomes of anaemia in pregnancy, clinicians should consider all the modifiable factors affecting the uptake of the deworming drugs during pregnancy to every woman of reproductive age before and after conception. Whenever possible, it should be done even beyond antenatal clinics.

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Multi Factors Associated with Anaemia in Pregnancy: A systematic review

Jurnal Keperawatan Soedirman ◽

10.20884/1.jks.2019.14.1.806 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Restuning Widiasih

Keyword(s):

Health Professionals ◽

Full Text ◽

Health Knowledge ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Maternal Anaemia ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Quantitative Studies ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Pregnant women are vulnerable with Anaemia. Â Quantitative studies related Anaemia in pregnancy have been done in Indonesia including assessing factors associated with Anaemia in pregnancy. However, none of studies provide a comprehensive view of factors that associated with anaemia in pregnancy. The aim of this review was to identify factors associated with maternal anaemia in Indonesia.Methods: The systematic scoping review method used in this review. The databases were several Indonesian electronic databases; Google scholar, Kandaga, and Sinta. The keywords were bilinguals: Indonesia and English. The inclusion criteria of studies were focused on factors related to Anaemia in pregnancy, research design included correlation and quasi-experimental, published from 2013 to 2018, full text, and Indonesianâ€™s studies.Results found a total of 1986 papers were retrieved: 580 met the year criteria, and 92 articles were full text. Finally, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria and included in the analysis. Factors associated with maternal anaemia in Indonesia including health professionalsâ€™ roles, Iron tablets consumption, antenatal care, education, nutrition, health knowledge, and awareness.Conclusion and Recommendations: Multi-factors are associated with maternal anaemia in Indonesia. There is a need for comprehensive approaches from health professionals and health services in dealing with anaemia in pregnancy.Â

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Sociodemographic factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy at booking for antenatal care

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology ◽

10.3109/01443615.2015.1025727 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 44-47

Author(s):

A. I. Adanikin ◽

J. O. Awoleke

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

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Prevalence and socio-demographic factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy in a primary health centre in Rivers State, Nigeria

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine ◽

10.4102/phcfm.v4i1.328 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Geraldine U. Ndukwu ◽

Paul O. Dienye

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Economic Status ◽

Health Centre ◽

Primary Health Centre ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

Primary Health ◽

Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽

Rivers State ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Anaemia, though a common problem in Nigeria, has not been adequately studied amongst pregnant women in primary health care facilities. Objective: This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of anaemia and sociodemographic factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy in a primary health centre in Rivers State, Nigeria.Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a primary health centre. Association between variables was analysed using the Chi-square test.Results: Two hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women whose ages ranged from 16 to 40 years with a mean age of 26.8 ± 4.3 years were recruited for the study. The haemoglobin concentration ranged from 6 g/dL – 15 g/dL with a mean of 10.10 ± 1.27g/dL. A total of 142 (62.6%) participants were anaemic. Anaemia was observed to be least prevalent in women within the extremes of reproductive age (≤ 20 years and 36–40 years). There was no statistically significant association between age, educational level and marital status (p > 0.05). The association of anaemia with social class was statistically significant (p = 0.000). Severe anaemia was not a common finding amongst the patients but it was significantly associated with educational status (p = 0.02) and socio-economic status (p = 0.03).Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia amongst the pregnant participants in the primary health centre was high. Out of all the socio-demographic characteristics, only socio-economic status was significantly associated with anaemia. It is recommended that the socio-economic status of women should be enhanced in line with the Millennium Development Goals to prevent anaemia and to enhance pregnancy outcomes.

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Prevalence of Anaemia in Pregnancy and Related Factors among Women Attending Antenatal Care (ANC) in General Hospitalbunza, Kebbi State, Nigeria

Medical Science & Healthcare Practice ◽

10.22158/mshp.v3n2p47 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. p47

Author(s):

Isah Balarabe Adamu ◽

Azeez Shareef Ayotunde ◽

Kehinde Joseph Awosan ◽

Edzu Usman Yunusa

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Cell Volume ◽

Packed Cell Volume ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Anemia In Pregnancy ◽

Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽

Prevalence Of Anemia ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy remains a major cause of maternal death in Sub-Saharan Africa, and it mostly results from a deficiency of iron and folate.Objectives: To determine the prevalence of anemia and the factors associated with it among pregnant women in Bunza, Nigeria. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study conducted among 327 pregnant women attending ANC in General Hospital Bunza, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Estimation of packed cell volume and RDT were alsodone for the participants; datawereanalysedusing IBMSPSS version 20. Results: The mean packed cell volume of the respondents was 30.7, with a SD 3.7 and majority of the respondents were having anemia 240(75.7%). Level of education of the respondents and their spouses, age at first pregnancy, spouses’ occupation, and the trimester at which the respondents booked were found to be significant p ?0.05for anemic status. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is high among pregnant women in Bunza, Nigeria, with the factors associated with it being the levels of education of the woman and that of her spouse, spouse’s occupation, having the first pregnancy before the age of 19 years, and late booking. Recommendations: Anemia in Pregnancy should be considered a public health problem in the LGA and state in general and girl child education should be given priority as a long term measure.

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Obstetric factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy in a primary health center in south-south Nigeria

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2021.14.3.0028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 042-049

Author(s):

Ndukwu Geraldine ◽

Dienye Paul ◽

Adesokun Bolanle

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Centre ◽

Primary Health Centre ◽

Maternal Anaemia ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Primary Health ◽

Obstetric Factors ◽

Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Anaemia has been reported as one of the commonest medical complications associated with pregnancy in the developing countries. It increases maternal, fetal and neonatal morbidity and mortality significantly. In Nigeria, maternal anaemia usually predates the period of pregnancy in the life of most of the mothers. These women succumb to early unprepared marriage, give birth to many children with poor child spacing and due to poverty and ignorance they book late for antenatal. This study determines the obstetric factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy in a primary health centre in Port Harcourt in order to create awareness on maternal anaemia and the need to institute preventive and therapeutic measures. Methods: This is a cross-sectional; hospital- based study. A total of two hundred and twenty-seven pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic were enrolled into the study at booking in a primary health centre. Data was collected by administrating questionnaires. Blood sample was collected for haemoglobin estimation. Means were compared using z-test and statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: Out of the 227, 111(48.9%) were primigravida, most of whom were anaemic (65.8%). Majority of the women booked in the second trimester 135 (59.3%) and those that booked at the third trimester were more anaemic (70.9%). Pregnant women with birth interval of <1(66.7) and > 4years (78.6%) were mostly anaemic Conclusion: Anaemia in pregnancy especially for those living in developing countries can be reduced if women are educated on the need for proper nutrition before pregnancy and on early ante-natal booking.

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Factors associated with maternal anaemia among pregnant women in rural India

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v17i4.38320 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 583-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Neerja Singal ◽

Geetanjali Setia ◽

Bal Krishan Taneja ◽

Kiran Kumar Singal

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Medical Science ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Severe Anaemia ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽

Poor Nutrition ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy is one of the most important and common public health problem not only in India but also in most of the South East Asian countries. Anaemia is the most common nutritional deficiency disorder in the world. There is predominance of iron deficiency anaemia (nutritional anaemia). In pregnancy, it is one of the leading causes responsible for maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Objective: To find out the risk factors associated with anaemia in pregnant women at MMIMSR during the study period with special reference to the severity of the disease.Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MMIMSR, Mullana, Ambala. The study was carried out between the period of october 2012 to September 2014.A total of 200 cases of moderate and severe anaemia were included in the study on the basis of simple random sampling method and 200 cases of non anaemic subjects were included to serve as controls for the anaemic group, during the study period. Hb gm/dl was taken as criteria for deciding anaemia cases and also to classify them according to the severity. Cases were classified according to WHO criteria.Results: Out of 200 cases of anaemia, 70% were moderately anaemic (Hb 7 – 9.9gm/dl) and 30% were severly anaemic (Hb < 7gm/dl). Microcytic hypochromic type of anaemia (82.5%) was more prevalent suggesting nutritional inadequacies as cause of anaemia.Conclusion: In the present study maternal illiteracy, low SES, inadequate antenatal care, close birth spacing, poor nutrition were all risk factors for anaemia in pregnancy Microcytic hypochromic type of anaemia (82.5%) was more prevalent suggesting nutritional inadequacies as cause of anaemia.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(4) 2018 p.583-592

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CULTURAL FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANAEMIA IN PREGNANCY: A CASE STUDY OF THE KALUTARA DISTRICT, SRI LANKA

10.17501/26138417.2019.2107 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kalharie Pitigala ◽

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Cultural Factors ◽

Deficiency Anaemia ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

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Prevalence and obstetric factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women, attending antenatal care in Unguja island, Tanzania

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190577 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 950 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mwanaisha M. Ali ◽

Agatha F. Ngowi ◽

Nyasiro S. Gibore

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Obstetric Factors ◽

Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽

In Pregnancy

Background: Anaemia in pregnancy remains a major health problem with adverse maternal and fetal outcome worldwide, especially in developing countries such as Tanzania. The study aimed to establish prevalence and obstetric factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care visits in Unguja Island, Tanzania.Methods: This cross sectional survey used systemic random sampling in three hospitals of Unguja Island to select 388 pregnant women. Demographic and obstetric characteristics of respondents were collected using a structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin levels were measured by using Hemocue machine. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out in SPSS version 21.0 to measure obstetric factors associated with anaemia among pregnant women.Results: The overall prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women was 80.8%, whereby 68.64% of respondents had mild anaemia, 11.24% had moderate anaemia and 0.89% had severe anaemia. The factors associated with anaemia in pregnancy were gravidity, (AOR= 1.185, 95% CI=0.317-4.338, p<0.001), irregular taking of iron tablets (AOR=0.288, 95% CI=0.149-0.556, p<0.001) and age of the child <2 years, (AOR 3.635, 95% CI= 1.103-11.882, p<0.034).Conclusions: The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in Unguja is high. Timely and regular intake of iron tablets during pregnancy, child spacing as well as having children within the capacity of parents to raise them up may significantly reduce the prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy. Therefore health education on family planning and the importance of taking of iron tablet is critical.

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