scholarly journals Species distribution and antibiogram of coagulase negative Staphylococci isolated from various clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
Uma Chikkaraddi ◽  
Namratha W Nandihal
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Life Threatening

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are common inhabitants of skin and mucous membrane, may act as pathogens causing fatal infections especially in immunocompromised patients. CoNS mainly cause infections involving biofilm on implanted biomaterials. Increase in antimicrobial resistance causes difficulties to treat life threatening infections. Despite their growing importance, their speciation is rarely done. Therefore, the present study is undertaken to identify CoNS to the species level and to know their antibiotic susceptibility pattern along with rate of MRCoNS.250 isolates from various clinical specimens were considered in this study. The isolates were identified by colony morphology, Gram staining, catalase, slide and tube coagulase test. Speciation was done by Novobiocin resistance, urease activity, ornithine decarboxylase, pyrrolidonylarylamidase and aerobic acid production from mannose. The antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Kirby-Bauer's disc diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines.Among 250 CoNS isolates, commonest species identified was (59.2%) followed by (19.6%) and (12.4%). They were commonly isolated in the age group 21 to 30 years (26.8%) and among males(58%). Total of 33.2% were isolated from pus followed by blood(21.6%). Majority species expressed resistance towards nalidixic acid(97.2%) followed by Penicillin(94%), 74.4% to Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid and 66.4% to Cotrimoxazole. All the isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin. Methicillin resistance among CoNS was 73.2%. : The increased recognition of pathogenic potential in CoNS and emergence of drug resistance among them demonstrates the need to adopt simple laboratory methods to identify the species and determine the antibiotic resistant patterns to help the clinicians in treating the infections caused by CoNS.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863612097269
Author(s):  
Shesh Narayan Kandel ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari ◽  
Binod Dhungel ◽  
Upendra Thapa Shrestha ◽  
Khadga Bikram Angbuhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Culture Positive

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major human pathogen associated with nosocomial and community infections. mecA gene is considered one of the important virulence factors of S. aureus responsible for acquiring resistance against methicillin. The main objective of this study was to explore the prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and mec A gene. Methods: A total of 39 isolates of S. aureus were isolated from 954 clinical specimens processed in Microbiology laboratory of Himal Hospital, Kathmandu. Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using cefoxitin, and performed Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for amplification of mecA gene in MRSA isolates. Results: Out of 954 clinical samples, (16.2%; 153/954) samples had bacterial growth. Among 153 culture positive isolates, 25.5% (39/153) were positive for S. aureus. Among 39 S. aureus (61.5%; 24/39) were multiple drug resistant (MDR). On AST, amoxicillin was detected as the least effective while vancomycin was the most effective. The prevalence of methicillin resistance was 46% (18/39) of which 72.2% (13/18) were positive for mecA gene in PCR assay. Conclusion: One in 4 culture positive isolates from the clinical specimens were S. aureus, of which almost two-thirds were MDR. Around half of the MDR showed MRSA and significant proportion of them were positive for mecA gene. This study concludes that the mecA gene is solely dependent for methicillin resistance in S. aureus but the presence of gene is not obligatory. PCR detection of the mecA gene is reliable, valid and can be suggested for the routine use in diagnostic laboratories.

scholarly journals Resistance profiles and biofilm formation of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary care hospital in Palestine

10.3823/814 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Nahed Ali Al Laham ◽  
Emad Abou Elkhair ◽  
Abdallah Bashir ◽  
Nahed Abdelateef
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Clinical Specimens

Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) represent one of the major resistant nosocomial pathogens where its biofilm-related infections often fail to respond to antibiotic chemotherapy. Here, we studied the resistance profiles and biofilm formation in CoNS isolates from clinical specimens at Al Shifa hospital in Gaza, Palestine. Methods: This study was carried out from March to July 2016 and included 81 clinical isolates. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed using VITEK-2 system. The presence of nuc and mecA genes was performed using multiplex PCR. Qualitative and quantitative biofilm assays were performed using standard methods. Results: Of the 81 clinical CoNS isolates, S. haemolyticus was the most common species (34, 42%), followed by S. epidermidis (26, 32.1%) and S. saprophyticus (13, 16%). The majority of isolates (83.9%) were from surgery, ICUs, pediatrics and medicine wards and the most common source was pus (28, 34.6%). Antibiotic resistance was highest against aminoglycosides, β-lactams, carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin and macrolides. Though, no resistance was detected against rifampicin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, nitrofurantoin, linezolid and mupirocin. The antibiotic resistance among MR-CoNS was significantly higher than that among MS-CoNS. Nearly 88.9% of isolates were multidrug resistant with higher percentage among MR-CoNS. Most S. epidermidis (76.9%) isolates were biofilm producer, with statistically significant association between methicillin resistance and biofilm production. Conclusions: High rates of antibiotic resistance were found among CoNS to commonly used antibiotics and the majority were methicillin and multidrug resistance. Most S. epidermidis isolates were biofilm producer. These results justified the necessity for national programs and measures to monitor and manage the usage of antibiotics in the Palestinian hospitals and community.

ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF STAPHYLOCOCCOUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SPECIMENS OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN TIRUPATI.

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-15
Author(s):  
Indira Ananthapadmanab asamy ◽  
V. Pavani Sai Mounika ◽  
K. Vijayakumar ◽  
C.H. Srinivasa Rao
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Mrsa Infection ◽  
Systemic Infections

INTRODUCTION: Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections including skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening systemic infections like sepsis, endocarditis. This study ais to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of S.aurues among various clinical specimens. METHODS: The study included 326 S.aurues, isolated from various clinical specimens which were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing as per CLSI guidelines. RESULTS: Among the 326 isolates, the highest were from pus specimens (47.85%), and was from Orthopaedics department (28.53%). Among the isolates, 219 (67.17%) were Methicilin resistant. All isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin, and all urine isolates were sensitive to Nitrofurantoin. The highest resistance was towards Penicillin (87.42%), Erythromycin (85.28), and Ciprooxacin (83.13%). CONCLUSION: The most effective way to prevent MRSA infection in every hospital is by performing continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance and by following an effetive antibiotic policy.

Distribution of MR-CoNS in the clinical staffs of tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-102
Author(s):  
Sonu S. Ahirwar ◽  
Prabhat Jatav ◽  
Kirti Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vitek 2

Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS) associated infection is a growing concern in healthcare settings now a day. MR-CoNS are the main infectious agents of the hospital acquired infection. Clinical staffs to patients transmission of resistant strains have caused a rapid increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in recent years. Growing rate of antimicrobial resistant against available antibiotics of MR-CoNS is a developing problem in low income or lower middle income counties. This study was conducted to determine the occurrence MR-CoNS isolated from different clinical staffs of tertiary care hospital. This prospective study conducted in clinical staffs, nasal swab were collected from all the participants. Screening of CoNS were done on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemical tests, identification and AST analysis done by VITEK-2 automated system. Methicillin resistance pattern was checked by VITEK-2 and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guideline. A total of 129 nasal swab samples were collected from clinical staffs, of which n=81 isolates (85.6%) were CoNS. Among n=81 CoNS, (48.12%) , (41.97%) , (7.4%) and (2.4%) were reported. Out of n=81 CoNS isolates, n=26 were conformed as MR-CoNS. Maximum methicillin resistance were reported in 53.48% (14/26), 42.30% (11/26), 3.84% (1/26) and 0% (0/26). Theoccurrence rate of MR-CoNS are higher (20.6%) in the healthcare workers and most of the methicillin resistant-CoNS isolates shows high level of resistance against widely used antibiotics but all the isolates susceptible against vancomycin.

scholarly journals MULTIPLE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE INDEXING OF NON- FERMENTING GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Bhuvaneshwari Gunasekar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
Surgery Department

Objective: The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexing and finding Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria will help to indicate the origin from high risk of contamination where the antibiotics are often used. Hence this study was carried out to give the MAR index of non-fermenting Gram negative bacilli in a tertiary care hospital which would help our infection control team also.Methods: Drug resistance was tested by Kirby bauer’s disc diffusion method. MAR index was calculated using the formula, a/b (were a= number of antibiotics to which the organism was resistant and b= total number of antibiotics to which the organism was tested).Results: Out of 240 Gram negative non-fermenters isolated, 117 (49%) strains were greater than 0.2 of MAR index, 95(81%) was from in-patient department. 73(62%) were hospitalized for more than 3 days, 44 (38%) was from surgery department. 49(42%) was wound specimen. Out of 117 multiple antibiotic resistant isolates 99 (85%) were MDR isolates.Conclusion: 51% prevalence of isolates >0.2 MAR index shows that the source of contamination can still be brought up down by proper surveillance and management with proper usage of  surface and skin disinfectants especially in surgery ward where the MAR index has indicated more usage of antibiotics

scholarly journals TO STUDY ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY PATTERN OF NONFERMENTATIVE GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI FROM VARIOUS CLINICAL SAMPLES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, JAIPUR.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Hemwani ◽  
P. S. Nirwan ◽  
Preeti Shrivastava ◽  
Abhiraj Ramchandani
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Polymyxin B ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Nonfermentative gram negative bacilli (NFGNB) frequently considered as commensals or contaminants but the pathogenic potential of nonfermenters has been proved beyond doubt. They are resistant to commonly used antimicrobials. Aim: This study was undertaken to identify the nonfermenters isolated from various clinical samples and to know their Antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on 150 strains of Nonfermenters isolated from 1200 various non repetitive clinical samples received in Department of Microbiology, NIMS Jaipur. Nonfermenters were identified using a standard protocol and their antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed with the help of the modified Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Out of 150 nonfermenters isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common isolate 134 (89.33%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii 16 (10.67%). Among all clinical samples Pus and Wound Discharge yield maximum isolates of NFGNB i.e. 54 (36%) % followed by sputum (39.0%). Most sensitive drug against NFGNB was Polymyxin-B (100%) followed by Imipenem (86 %) and Amikacin (71.33 %). Conclusion: Nonfermenters have a great potential to survive in a hospital environment so implementation of antibiotic stewardship programs and strict infection control practices will be required to prevent or slow down their emergence and spread. Keywords:  Nonfermenters,  Polymyxin-B, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus to Ceftaroline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsha Sreedharan ◽  
KB Asha Pai
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Care Hospital

Introduction: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) infection is a major global healthcare problem, the prevalence of which varies from 25-50% in India. It is known to cause Skin and Soft tissue Infections (SSI), endovascular infections, endocarditis, pneumonia, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and sepsis. Vancomycin is the drug of choice for treating severe MRSA infections. Ceftaroline, a fifth-generation cephalosporin has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for treating acute bacterial SSI caused by susceptible micro-organisms including MRSA, Community acquired respiratory tract infection, MRSA bacteremia and endocarditis. Aim: To assess the susceptibility of clinical isolates of S. aureusto ceftaroline, in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology of a Tertiary Care Hospital over a period of two months from June 2019 to July 2019. S.aureus isolates from various clinical samples were screened for methicillin resistance by disc diffusion method using cefoxitin disc and ceftaroline susceptibility of these isolates was assessed by E-strip method. The isolates were classified as ceftaroline susceptible, Susceptibility Dose Dependent (SDD) and ceftaroline resistant respectively as per CLSI guidelines. A descriptive analysis of the data was done and the results were presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: All the S.aureus isolates were found to be susceptible to ceftaroline. Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA) isolates had lower Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) when compared to MRSA. The highest MIC among MRSA was 0.5 μg/mL. Conclusion: Ceftaroline can be considered as an effective alternative for treatment of infections caused by MRSA.

Evaluation of in vitro susceptibility of Gram-positive pathogens from a tertiary care hospital in Singapore to a novel oxazolidinone, tedizolid, by a gradient diffusion method and broth microdilution

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184
Author(s):  
Saugata Choudhury ◽  
Lee Kar Mun ◽  
Esme Ng Chu Xuan ◽  
Lee Shin Jia ◽  
Shawn Vasoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Gradient Diffusion

We compared the in vitro antimicrobial activities of tedizolid and linezolid on the Sensititre broth microdilution system for Gram-positive cocci isolates (n=146) from skin and skin structure infections and bloodstream infections, bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum. These pathogens included 40 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, 38 coagulase-negative staphylococci, 20 Enterococcus faecalis and 48 beta-haemolytic Streptococcus spp. Susceptibility was simultaneously determined for 48 vanA vancomycin-resistant enterococci isolates 2013–2016 from rectal swabs (23 E. faecalis and 25 E. faecium, of which 4 were linezolid-non-susceptible). MIC90s for tedizolid were fourfold to eightfold lower than linezolid on the Sensititre and ranged from 0.12 to 0.5 µg/mL for the different pathogen groups. All isolates were susceptible to tedizolid except two vanA E. faecium strains (MICs of 1 and 2 µg/mL, respectively). Categorical and essential agreement for tedizolid were 99.48% and 92%, respectively, between Liofilchem gradient diffusion and Sensititre methods. Overall, the drug exhibited excellent activity against the surveyed Gram-positive pathogens.

scholarly journals Distribution of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B Antibiotics Resistance Genes in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococci

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 734-740
Author(s):  
Dharma Nagarkoti ◽  
Krishna Prajapati ◽  
Ajay Narayan Sharma ◽  
Aarogya Gyawali ◽  
Sarita Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Inducible Clindamycin Resistance ◽  
Increasing Trend

Background: Staphylococci are posing threat due to increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance particularly methicillin. Macrolide lincosamide streptogramin B (MLSB) family of antibiotics is commonly used to treat such infections. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance and observation of erm and msr genes among Staphylococci isolated from tertiary care hospital of Nepal during July 2017 to March 2018.Methods: Staphylococci from different clinical specimens were identified and antibiotic susceptibility profile was assessed following Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The double disc diffusion or D-zone test as outlined in CLSI document M100-S24 was performed to examine inducible clindamycin resistant isolates. Multiplex PCR was performed for detection of erm and msr gene in isolates using specific primers for ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA and msrB genes.Results: Of the 60 Staphylococci isolates, 39 (65%) were S. aureus and 21 (35%) were coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) with 25 (64%) and 15 (71%) representing methicillin resistant S. aureus and CNS respectively. Constitutive and inducible MLSB phenotype was observed among 24 (40%) and 14 (23%) isolates respectively by D test. The most prevalent resistant gene was ermC (37%) followed by msrB (12%), ermB (10%) and msrA (10%). None of the isolates were found to possess ermA gene. Conclusions: The presence of constitutive and inducible MLSB as well as resistant genes among Staphylococci necessitates detection of such isolates to minimize treatment failure. The result from this study may help elucidate the predominant resistant characteristics in clinical Staphylococci isolated from tertiary care hospital of Nepal.Keywords: D test; erm gene; MLSB; msr gene; staphylococci.

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