Correlations among macular pigment optical density, central macular thickness, and body mass index

AIM: To determine the relationship among the macular pigment optical density (MPOD), central macular thickness (CMT) and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: This is a comparative cross-sectional study performed in a single institution. Totally 210 volunteers who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. The subject’s MPOD was measured using Macula Pigment Screener II (MPS II, by Electron Technology). CMT was measured with Spectral Domain Cirrus Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Cirrus (Model 4000, Carl Zeiss Meditec). The information of both MPOD and OCT from both eyes were recorded. The data was analysed using Microsoft® Excel, SPSS, and R (version 3.2.1; R Core Team 2015). RESULTS: There was significant positive correlation between MPOD and CMT (r=0.42, P<0.01) and a significant negative correlation between MPOD and BMI (r=-0.23, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our study showed a significant positive correlation between MPOD and CMT. Further study is needed to look at the detailed structure of the fovea and its relationship with MPOD. Our study also found a significant negative correlation between MPOD and BMI, suggesting that a reduction in BMI may increase the density of macula pigment, which can be helpful in preventing age-retinal pigment epitheliitis (ARMD).

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Is macular pigment optical density really involved in fixation preference?

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/1120672117747019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 454-458

Author(s):

Kadriye Erkan Turan ◽

Ali Bulent Cankaya ◽

Hande Taylan Sekeroglu ◽

Onur Inam ◽

Sevilay Karahan

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Optical Density ◽

Density Measurement ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽

Fixation Preference ◽

Healthy Eyes ◽

Density Results

Purpose: To evaluate macular pigment optical density in healthy children and to compare the values with those of strabismic children with respect to fixation preference. Methods: The study recruited 54 healthy and 41 strabismic children. Two groups were matched in terms of gestational age, birth weight, and body mass index. All participants underwent complete ophthalmological evaluation and macular pigment optical density measurement and filled a self-reported food frequency questionnaire. Strabismic children were categorized according to fixation preference. Results: The mean age was 9.87 ± 2.39 years in healthy children and 9.07 ± 2.07 years in children with strabismus (p = 0.091). Mean macular pigment optical density was 0.23 ± 0.25 in healthy eyes and 0.25 ± 0.27 in non-preferred eyes of strabismic children (p = 0.964). Macular pigment optical density was significantly higher in preferred eyes of strabismic children (0.43 ± 0.34) compared to non-preferred eyes (p = 0.004) and healthy eyes (p = 0.001). There was a difference of macular pigment optical density between both eyes in patients with grades 1, 2, and 3 fixation preference, whereas patients with grade 4 preference had similar macular pigment optical density in both eyes (p = 0.008). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between macular pigment optical density in preferred eyes and body mass index (r = 0.354, p = 0.023). Conclusion: Preferred eyes of children with strabismus seem to have higher macular pigment optical density readings. This difference may emerge from the higher tendency of recognizing the flicker stimulus while preferred eye is under testing. Similar macular pigment optical density in healthy and non-preferred eyes and the fact that both lower than preferred eyes remain unexplained. It should be kept in mind that macular pigment optical density results should be carefully interpreted and macular pigment optical density in cases with strabismus should be further investigated.

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Low Body Mass Index Is Adversely Associated with Radiographic Joint Damage in Indian Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.100535 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 434-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

UMA D. VELPULA ◽

SUMEET AGRAWAL ◽

JOE THOMAS ◽

V.N. NAGA PRABU ◽

LIZA RAJASEKHAR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Joint Damage ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Early Ra ◽

Low Bmi ◽

Hands And Feet ◽

High Bmi

Objective.Various factors affect joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The influence of body mass index (BMI) is not adequately known. As BMI is potentially modifiable, we studied its influence on radiological joint damage in patients with RA.Methods.Treatment-naive patients with early RA (< 24 mo) were included. Demographic data were collected along with swollen joint count (SJC), tender joint count (TJC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and IgM-rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF). Radiographs of hands and feet were obtained. BMI and Disease Activity Score for 28-joint count (DAS28-ESR) were calculated. Joint damage was assessed using the Simplified Erosions Narrowing Score (SENS).Results.A total of 101 patients were studied (81 women; mean age 41.91 ± 11.99 yrs). Mean disease duration was 10.77 ± 6.73 months; 55 patients (54.5%) were IgM-RF-positive. Mean BMI was 22.82 ± 4.66 kg/m2 with 24 (23.8%) patients having low, 42 (41.6%) normal, and 35 (34.7%) high BMI. Mean SENS score was 16.81 ± 11.10; mean DAS28 was 6.23 ± 0.96. Significant correlation was noted between SENS and DAS28 (r = 0.28; p < 0.005). There was significant negative correlation between BMI and SENS (r = −0.509; p < 0.0005). In patients with low BMI, mean SENS (26.62 ± 13.45) was significantly higher than in patients with normal (15.88 ± 8.38; p < 0.001) and high BMI (11.20 ± 7.32; p < 0.001). Patients with normal BMI also had significantly higher SENS scores than those with high BMI (p < 0.05). One-way ANOVA did not reveal significant differences in DAS28 between groups. SENS was significantly higher in the IgM-RF-positive group (19.55 ± 11.36) than in the IgM-RF-negative group (13.54 ± 9.94; p < 0.01); DAS28 was not different between the 2 groups (6.22 ± 0.98 vs 6.26 ± 0.96, respectively). Within the 2 IgM-RF groups, a significant negative correlation was seen between BMI and SENS. Multiple regression analysis revealed RF, DAS28, and BMI were independently associated with SENS. BMI accounted for 23.04% of the variance in SENS independent of DAS28 and IgM-RF.Conclusion.Low BMI is adversely associated with joint damage in patients with early RA.

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Correlation of Body Mass Index, Skeletal Muscle, Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Healthy Adults: A Cross Sectional Study

Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae ◽

10.24193/subbeag.66(3).25 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 69-76

Author(s):

NORBERT CSABA LUKÁCS

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Body Mass ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

The Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Visceral Adipose

ABSTRACT. Introduction. Obesity is one of the 21st century major health challenges. Adipose tissue is distributed in different proportions in the human body depending on where it is located in the body. The purpose of the research. This study aims to determine the relationship between body mass index, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in case of first year students of Partium Christian University from Oradea. Subjects and methods. The research included a sample group of 112 students. The analysis of the body composition was performed using the method of bioelectrical impedance. Results. The registered data reveal that 23% of the subjects were overweight or obese and 15% had a low percentage of skeletal muscle. Conclusions. In case of both genders there is a significant negative correlation between the percentage of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue and a significant negative correlation between the percentage of skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue.

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Decision Regret after Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy—5 Years’ Perspective

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11695-021-05480-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katarzyna Bartosiak ◽

Michał R. Janik ◽

Piotr Kowalewski ◽

Maciej Walędziak ◽

Andrzej Kwiatkowski

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Body Mass ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Telephone Survey ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Decision Regret ◽

The Mean

Abstract Introduction Patient's satisfaction after weight loss surgery is in the research spotlight. However, there are still no quantitative data regarding whether patients regret their decision to undergo laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Objectives The present study aimed to evaluate whether patients regret their decision to undergo SG 5 years after surgery. The secondary objective was to identify whether weight loss and a higher quality of life (QoL) score correlate with the regret expressed by patients. Setting Military Hospital, Poland Methods A telephone survey was carried out among patients 5 years after surgery. Patient satisfaction regarding their decision to undergo SG was assessed using the Decision Regret Scale. QoL scores were determined using the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Results One hundred and four patients who answered a full telephone survey were enrolled in the study. Change in body mass index (ΔBMI) was 12.31±6.2, excess body mass index loss (%EBMIL) was 55.45%±25.52%, and percent total weight loss (%TWL) was 25.20%±11.7%. At the 5-year postoperative telephone survey, the mean general health score was 50.96±14.0 and the mean regret score was 32.33±13.24 (range, 25–85). A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between %EBMIL and regret score (r=−0.435; p<0.001). There was a significant negative association between regret score and energy/fatigue QoL (r=−0.205; p=0.040). Only eight patients (7.69%) scored >50 on the Decision Regret Scale, which was considered to represent overall regret for their decision. Conclusion Our study suggests that, in general, patients did not regret their decision to undergo SG. Key Points The majority of patients did not regret their decision to undergo SG. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between weight loss and patients’ feelings of regret. Energy/fatigue QoL was the strongest correlate of whether patients regretted their decision to undergo SG. Graphical Abstract

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The role of the macular pigment optical density measurement in the diagnosis of eye diseases

Clinical ophthalmology ◽

10.21689/2311-7729-2016-16-4-197-200 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 197-200

Author(s):

E.N. Eskina ◽

◽

E.A. Egorov ◽

A.V. Belogurova ◽

А.А. Gvetadze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Density ◽

Density Measurement ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Eye Diseases ◽

Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽

Optical Density Measurement

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Correlates of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Deaths, Case Incidence and Case Fatality Ratio among the Continents for the Period of 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12071061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1061

Author(s):

Wajdy J. Al-Awaida ◽

Baker Jawabrah Al Hourani ◽

Samer Swedan ◽

Refat Nimer ◽

Foad Alzoughool ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Reference Sequence ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Case Fatality Ratio ◽

Epidemiological Surveys

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly developed into a worldwide pandemic. Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome may affect various aspects of the disease including fatality ratio. In this study, 553,518 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences isolated from patients from continents for the period 1 December 2020 to 15 March 2021 were comprehensively analyzed and a total of 82 mutations were identified concerning the reference sequence. In addition, associations between the mutations and the case fatality ratio (CFR), cases per million and deaths per million, were examined. The mutations having the highest frequencies among different continents were Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L. Among the identified mutations, NSP2_T153M, NSP14_I42V and Spike_L18F mutations showed a positive correlation to CFR. While the NSP13_Y541C, NSP3_T73I and NSP3_Q180H mutations demonstrated a negative correlation to CFR. The Spike_D614G and NSP12_P323L mutations showed a positive correlation to deaths per million. The NSP3_T1198K, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a significant negative correlation to deaths per million. The NSP12_P323L and Spike_D614G mutations showed a positive correlation to the number of cases per million. In contrast, NS8_L84S and NSP12_A97V mutations showed a negative correlation to the number of cases per million. In addition, among the identified clades, none showed a significant correlation to CFR. The G, GR, GV, S clades showed a significant positive correlation to deaths per million. The GR and S clades showed a positive correlation to number of cases per million. The clades having the highest frequencies among continents were G, followed by GH and GR. These findings should be taken into consideration during epidemiological surveys of the virus and vaccine development.

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Macular Pigment Optical Density and Photoreceptor Outer Segment Length as Predisease Biomarkers for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9051347 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1347 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Norihiro Nagai ◽

Sakiko Minami ◽

Misa Suzuki ◽

Hajime Shinoda ◽

Toshihide Kurihara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Optical Density ◽

Outer Segment ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Segment Length ◽

Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽

Photoreceptor Outer Segment ◽

Age Related ◽

Fellow Eyes

To explore predisease biomarkers, which may help screen for the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) at very early stages, macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) length were analyzed. Thirty late AMD fellow eyes, which are at high risk and represent the predisease condition of AMD, were evaluated and compared with 30 age-matched control eyes without retinal diseases; there was no early AMD involvement in the AMD fellow eyes. MPOD was measured using MPS2® (M.E. Technica Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and PROS length was measured based on optical coherence tomography images. MPOD levels and PROS length in the AMD fellow eyes were significantly lower and shorter, respectively, than in control eyes. MPOD and PROS length were positively correlated in control eyes (R = 0.386; p = 0.035) but not in AMD fellow eyes. Twenty (67%) AMD fellow eyes met the criteria of MPOD < 0.65 and/or PROS length < 35 μm, while only five (17%) control eyes did. After adjusting for age and sex, AMD fellow eyes more frequently satisfied the definition (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 3.50–60.4; odds ratio, 14.6). The combination of MPOD and PROS length may be a useful biomarker for screening predisease AMD patients, although further studies are required in this regard.

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Evaluation of serum adropin and irisin levels and its association with anthropometric obesity indices and biochemical parameters in Type 2 diabetic patients

Nutrition and Healthy Aging ◽

10.3233/nha-200110 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Foad Alzoughool ◽

Huda Al Hourani ◽

Manar Atoum ◽

Sajedah Bateineh ◽

Hanan Alsheikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Obesity Indices ◽

Group Serum

BACKGROUND/AIM: The newly described proteins adropin and irisin are a highly conserved polypeptide that plays essential roles in metabolic and energy homeostasis, insulin resistance, and fat browning. The aim of this study is to evaluate the circulating levels of serum adropin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and also to elucidate possible relationships between serum adropin and irisin levels with anthropometric obesity indices and biochemical parameters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Single-center prospective observational study included 90 T2DM patients referred to the diabetes outpatient clinic. Height, weight, and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum lipids, creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen were evaluated. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated, serum adropin and irisin were evaluated. RESULTS: The results showed a significant positive correlation between adropin and irisin in females but not in males (r = 0.311; P = 0.042). In males’ group, serum adropin levels showed significant negative correlation with serum glucose (–0.423, P = < 0.05), HbA1C (–0.364, P = < 0.05), and GFR (–0.355, P = < 0.05). In contrast, creatinine was showed a significant positive correlation with adropin in males (0.381, P = < 0.05). In females’ group, adropin showed a significant negative correlation with weight (–0.371, P = < 0.05), BMI (–0.349, P = < 0.05), WC (–0.402, P = < 0.01), and WHtR (–0.398, P = < 0.01). Contrary, in males’ group, serum irisin levels showed significant positive correlation with weight (0.338, P = < 0.05), BMI (0.332, P = < 0.05), WC (0.409, P = < 0.01), and WHtR (0.432, P = < 0.01). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that, in T2DM patients, circulating serum adrpoin correlated negatively with anthropometric obesity indices of obesity in females, while serum irisin was positively correlated with anthropometric obesity indices of obesity in males.

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Macular pigment optical density in central serous chorioretinopathy

Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/2515841421997195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 251584142199719

Author(s):

Burcu Polat Gultekin ◽

Esra Sahli

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Optical Density ◽

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Retinal Thickness ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Central Retinal Thickness ◽

Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽

Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽

Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Purpose: The aim of our study was to evaluate the macular pigment optical density in patients with acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and to describe the association between central retinal thickness and choroidal thickness with the macular pigment optical density. Materials and Methods: Eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (patients, who were diagnosed as having disease activity for 6 months) were included in this study. Macular pigment was measured using the heterochromatic flicker technique of the MPS II device for both eyes in patients with acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and in control subjects. Results: Twenty-seven eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy, 23 eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, and 25 control eyes were enrolled. The mean macular pigment optical density in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (0.480 ± 0.16 density unit (95% confidence interval: 0.390–0.570) was found to be significantly lower than in the control eyes (0.571 ± 0.128 density unit) (95% confidence interval: 0.480–0.670) ( p = 0.007). In correlation analysis, no significant association was detected between the central retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, and macular pigment optical density values in central serous chorioretinopathy group ( p = 0.31, p = 0.71). Conclusion: Macular pigment optical density levels were significantly lower in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy patients than in controls, possibly due to degeneration of the neurosensorial retina, as a result of the long-term persistence of subretinal fluid. There was not a significant correlation between choroidal thickness and macular pigment optical density levels in central serous chorioretinopathy group.

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Increased plasma kynurenine and its relationship to neopterin and tryptophan in Tourette's syndrome

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291700037880 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 857-862 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

H. Rickards ◽

S. M. Dursun ◽

G. Farrar ◽

T. Betts ◽

J. A. Corbett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tourette Syndrome ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Control Value ◽

Cellular Immune ◽

Patient Value

SynopsisFasting plasma levels of tryptophan, kynurenine and the pteridines, neopterin and tetrahydrobiopterin were measured in seven patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and 10 healthy controls. Plasma kynurenine was significantly elevated in the GTS patients. The lowest patient value was higher than the highest control value. Values for tryptophan, neopterin and tetrahydrobiopterin were similar in TS patients and controls. However, in TS patients only, there was a significant negative correlation between tryptophan and neopterin and a significant positive correlation between kynurenine and neopterin when controlling for tryptophan. This finding indicates that activation of cellular immune processes is a possible explanation for the rise in plasma kynurenine.

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