scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review on Environmental Factors Influencing COVID-19 Spread and Its Effects: A Global Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Rehnuma Karim ◽  
Farah Noshin Chowdhury ◽  
Taki Hasan Rafi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

The pandemic caused by COVID-19 that is plaguing the whole world at this point is currently a major threat on global health. However, similar to many other respiratory disease outbreaks in the past, this virus also has environmental implications, with its spread being substantially affected by the environmental conditions of a locality. Also, the lockdown measure undertaken as a protective measure against the spread of the disease is affecting the global environment. There have been numerous studies around the world to find the correlation between transmission and severity Coronavirus related disease and mortality with environmental parameters. These parameters included temperature, air pollution, climate factors, humidity, wind speed, atmospheric pressure and many more with COVID-19 outbreak. It was found that meteorological factors may show an independent part in the spread of COVID-19. Considering the other side of the coin, the world prior to this Coronavirus outbreak was facing air pollution, global warming, sound pollution and many more environmental adversities. However, since the beginning of the lockdown period a major change has been noticed in terms of various environmental parameters that measure the quality of the environment around the globe. This study is an attempt to conduct a comparative study on the correlation amid environmental influences and the COVID-19 outbreak around the world.

(Uncontrolled) Donation after Cardiac Determination of Death: A Note of Caution

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 760-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher James Doig ◽  
David A. Zygun
Keyword(s):  
Organ Failure ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Determination Of Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Tissue Recovery ◽  
End Stage

“I think there’s a big strong belief in [...] the community … and maybe it’s in the world at large that somehow the doctors are more concerned about harvesting the organs than what’s best for the patient.”1 In the past 45 years, organ and tissue recovery and transplantation have moved from the occasional and experimental to a standard of care for end-stage organ failure; receiving an organ transplant is for many the only opportunity for increased quantity and/or quality of life. The increasing prevalence of diseases such as viral hepatitis, diabetes, and hypertension has significantly increased the incidence of end-organ failure. Additionally, surgical advances have permitted less stringent qualification criteria, so that people of advanced age or patients who may be in a physiologically fragile state are now eligible to be organ recipients. These changes have created a significant demand for organs.

scholarly journals Publication Trends on Mitophagy in the World and China: A 16-Year Bibliometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingli Chen ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Yifan Jia ◽  
Zhongyuan Xia ◽  
Jishi Ye
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Publication Trends ◽  
Quality Of Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

In the past 16 years, research on mitophagy has increasingly expanded to a wider range of subjects. Therefore, comprehensively analyzing the relevant progress and development trends on mitophagy research requires specific methods. To assess the hotspots, directions, and quality of results in this field worldwide, we used multiple tools to examine research progress and growing trends in research on the matter during the last 16 years (from 2005 to 2020). We also compared the quantity and quality of the literature records on mitophagy published by research institutions in China and other developed countries, reviewed China’s contribution, and examined the gap between China and these developed countries. According to the results of our bibliometric analysis, the United States and its research institutes published the most papers. We identified cell biology as the most commonly researched subject on mitophagy and AUTOPHAGY as the most popular journal for research on mitophagy. We also listed the most cited documents from around the world and China. With gradually increased funding, China is progressively becoming prominent in the field of mitophagy; nevertheless, the gap between her and major countries in the world must be closed.

Tracing the Trace: Photography, the Index, and the Limits of Representation

Shadow Sites ◽  
2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitty Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Photographic Plate ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Print History ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Past ◽  
Science And Art ◽  
The World ◽  
The Hours

Photography, as is well known, is the image-making technology which specializes in the freezing of time.1 What kind of historiography, then, might photography be said to embody? How can photography, with its ineluctable connection to the present moment, hope to say anything at all about the past—about either the broad processes of history or even the events of the hours and minutes immediately preceding the second in which the photograph is taken? What kinds of knowledge of the past does photography allow, and what does it disallow? How can photography, that most superficial of media, hope to become a vehicle for the archaeological imagination, with its love of immanent depths? If photographic technology is uniquely equipped to record (visually) the present moment, it is also characterized—famously—by its thorough and indiscriminate recording of surface detail. What it lacks in temporal depth it makes up for in this meticulous rendering of appearances; any surface marked by the effects of action or time can be faithfully recorded by this technology which itself produces the marked surfaces of photographic plate, film, or print. History and the passing of time is available to photography only in the form of its traces, the more-or-less legible marks and remnants it has left behind at any one moment in the world. And it is precisely photography’s own nature as a chemical trace (until digitization, at least) that enables it accurately to reproduce these marks and signs of history. As discussed in Chapter 1, since the nineteenth century (at least) historical sciences such as palaeontology, geology, and archaeology have based themselves upon the reading of such signs of the past in the present, and this broad epistemological model could be extended to include military reconnaissance, forensic science, and art connoisseurship. Photography, fixing these signs in an image, has had—unsurprisingly, perhaps—an important part to play in the historical development of these disciplines. Photography meets the archaeological imagination as soon as photographic images are scanned for historical information in these disciplines and practices. In a sense, however, photography cannot help but represent the world archaeologically, since it cannot help but record its objects and landscapes in a temporal context, the traces of the past scattered across their surfaces. Ruskin enthused over this quality of the new medium.

scholarly journals Dependence of concentration of radon on environmental parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Anita Ptiček Siročić ◽  
Sanja Kovač ◽  
Davor Stanko ◽  
Iva Pejak
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
Gaseous State ◽  
Living Space ◽  
North Western ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Radon (222Ra) is a colourless and odourless natural radioactive element in gaseous state. The concentration of radon in the air is usually low, but it can be very high inside of a living space, because of its possibility to penetrate from a foundation soil over a basement into a building itself. People are daily exposed to a certain concentration of radon that is found in soil, water, air and food. This paper shows a correlation analysis of environmental parameters by using the model of multiple regressions. It defines certain statistical relations between environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure with measured values of radon concentrations. Measurements were carried out at several locations in various residential buildings in north-western Croatia. The results indicated that individual environmental parameters and radon concentration at individual locations were connected. For example, at one location the concentration of radon was decreasing if atmospheric pressure was increasing. Measurements at another location indicated that the concentration of radon was increasing if air humidity was increasing. Due to large number of different parameters affecting the concentration of radon in residential buildings, a satisfactory statistical model to predict the concentration of radon with environmental parameters is not easy to achieve since it was observed variability of radon concentrations with environmental parameters within different local sites. It is necessary to consider a longer period to determine with certainty a mathematical model that would give the most accurate prediction of radon concentration dependence on environmental parameters which can affect human health and quality of life.

scholarly journals A System to Improve Port Navigation Safety and Its Use in Italian Harbours

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10265
Author(s):  
Maurizio Soldani ◽  
Osvaldo Faggioni
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sea Level Variations ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

This article describes research aimed at developing a system able to support local authorities and port communities in optimizing port navigation, avoiding or managing critical situations induced by sea-level variations in harbours and minimizing environmental damages and economic losses. In the Mediterranean basin, sea-level changes are mostly due to astronomical tides, related to the gravitational attraction between Earth, Moon and Sun. Nevertheless, sea-level variations are also influenced by meteorological tides, which are geodetic adjustments of sea surface due to atmospheric pressure variations above a water basin. So, starting from monitoring or forecasting environmental parameters in harbours, the system updates port bathymetric maps based on sea-level variations (acquired in the past, measured in real-time, or expected in the future) and detects hazardous areas for a certain ship moving inside a port at a given moment, by means of the implementation of “virtual traffic lights”. The system was tested on some real situations, including the analysis of maritime accidents (stranding of ships), providing satisfactory results by correctly signalling potentially dangerous areas variable over time. The architecture of the system and results achieved using it in the ports of Livorno and Bari, in Italy, are herewith described.

scholarly journals Fire safety in textile industries – A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (06) ◽  
pp. 523-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
PONNUSAMY VENKATARAMANAN ◽  
PAULRAJ PRATHAP ◽  
PALANISAMY SIVAPRAKASH ◽  
KANCHANA SIVAPRAKASH
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
The Past ◽  
Unskilled Labour ◽  
The World ◽  
Textile Industries ◽  
Fire Accidents ◽  
Fire Accident

Over the past decades, textile industries are playing an important role in the Indian economy, and moreover it is the second largest revenue source for the country. The textile industry is the only industry that offers massive employment for both skilled and unskilled labour. Fire accidents cost hundreds of workers’ lives and livelihoods along with huge equipment and material loss. The stipulation of proper safety system would be the only option to increase the production rate and quality of the product which in turn amplify the profit and good will of the company. In spite of various initiatives taken to prevent fire accidents in the textile industry, there are still a significant number of fire occurrences in this industry. Fire accident is the major source of accident in case of textile industries, and preventing the fire accident would be the first and foremost choice and also it is mandatory to alleviate the fire accidents to safe guard raw materials and employees. This paper presents a review on various hazards in textile industries. This article intends at studying each of these issues in textile industries, along with the existing possible solutions for these problems. This study is essential in exposing safety concerns in factories around the world.

Technical Fixes, Technological Solutions

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pool
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Technological Disaster ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Underlying Theme

The past couple of decades have been a confusing, frustrating period for engineers. With their creations making the world an ever richer, healthier, more comfortable place, it should have been a time of triumph and congratulation for them. Instead, it has been an era of discontent. Even as people have come to rely on technology more and more, they have liked it less. They distrust the machines that are supposedly their servants. Sometimes they fear them. And they worry about the sort of world they are leaving to their children. Engineers, too, have begun to wonder if something is wrong. It is not simply that the public doesn’t love them. They can live with that. But some of the long-term costs of technology have been higher than anyone expected: air and water pollution, hazardous wastes, the threat to the Earth’s ozone layer, the possibility of global warming. And the drumbeat of sudden technological disaster over the past twenty years is enough to give anyone pause: Three Mile Island, Bhopal, the Challenger, Chernobyl, the Exxon Valdez, the downing of a commercial airliner by a missile from the U.S.S. Vincennes. Is it time to rethink our approach to technology? Some engineers believe that it is. In one specialty after another, a few prophets have emerged who argue for doing things in a fundamentally new way. And surprisingly, although these visionaries have focused on problems and concerns unique to their own particular areas of engineering, a single underlying theme appears in their messages again and again: Engineers should pay more attention to the larger world in which their devices will function, and they should consciously take that world into account in their designs. Although this may sound like a simple, even a self-evident, bit of advice, it is actually quite a revolutionary one for engineering. Traditionally, engineers have aimed at perfecting their machines as machines. This can be seen in the traditional measures of machines: how fast they are, how much they can produce, the quality of their output, how easy they are to use, how much they cost, how long they last.

Evolution of the Structure of the American Economy

2005 ◽  
pp. 84-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Porokhovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Economy

The author pays special attention to the USA leading positions in the world economy. The basic significance of traditional industries, first of all manufacturing, in the structure of the American economy and its evolution are underlined. The article analyzes in detail the increasing role of services including finance. Information technologies create new economic structure and new quality of economic growth. A reader learns from the article about sustainable reproduction role of business cycle in the past and present.

Lichen Recolonization of Trees in the Jardin du Luxembourg, Paris

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. D. Seaward ◽  
M. A. Letrouit-Galinou
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Recent Survey ◽  
Epiphytic Lichens ◽  
The Past

AbstractA recent survey of epiphytic lichens in the Jardin du Luxembourg has shown there to be a marked improvement in the air quality of Paris over the past decade. Recolonization by at least 11 lichen species has occurred during that period. It has taken almost 100 years for epiphytic lichens to re-establish in the Jardin du Luxembourg, where William Nylander in the 1890s was able to amply confirm his far reaching hypothesis, made 30 years earlier, on the direct relationship between lichen survival and air pollution.

scholarly journals The battle against PM2.5 is on

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Environmental Initiatives ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract On 21 February 2014, almost 15% of China (mostly in the east) was enveloped by haze with hazardous PM2.5 pollutants (particulate matter with size smaller than 2.5 μm). This is a problem that had also frequently occurred in 2013. During the subsequent meeting of the Chinese parliament in mid-March 2014, a national battle against air pollution in future years is proposed ‘in order to accelerate the overall environmental initiatives and improve people's quality of life’. Zhongli Ding, Vice President of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and a climatologist with extensive experience in research and policy making, stated clearly that only the most stringent environment standard implementation could curb the present problem. Never before has a country faced such complex conditions as China. ‘We have London fog and San Francisco's smog combined, and moreover, 10 provinces and cities in eastern China, including Beijing and Tianjin, accounting for only 0.6% of the world land area, but the highest per unit area emission in the world; the entire Hebei province is one big smokestack.’ In an interview with NSR and a meteorologist Huijun Wang, Ding talked about how China is currently combating with air pollution.

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