scholarly journals Estimating the Smile by Evaluating the Spread of Lips

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Mohan Goud Kathi ◽  
Jakeer Hussain Shaik
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Secondary Parameter

Smile is one of the important emotions that is essential in computer vision tasks. The greatly influenced part due to it is the lips. By encountering the changes in lips of smile images with respect to no smile, a smile detecting model can design for the computer vision tasks. In this paper, the approach is to evaluate the spread of lips. The lips movement distance is evaluated with respect to the eyes. 68 landmark points of dlib are used for this purpose. The left and right corners of lips are evaluated with the left and right eyes respectively using the count of landmark points (l and r). The secondary parameters - average, Maximum, and maxavgsum of l and r are used for evaluating the lip expansion variation. For each value of these parameters that can attain from l and r, the count of no smile images below it and count of smile images above it is considered and calculated the attainable efficiency. The value of secondary parameter having the maximum efficiency is defined as the threshold. The maximum efficiency that is attained due to average, Maximum and maxavgsum are 80.06, 67.3 and 78.54 respectively at the thresholds 2, 3 and 4.5 respectively.

scholarly journals The Role of Surface Chemistry and Polyethylenimine Grafting in the Removal of Cr (VI) by Activated Carbons from Cashew Nut Shells

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Victoria A. Smith ◽  
Juster F. A. Rivera ◽  
Ruby Bello ◽  
Elena Rodríguez-Aguado ◽  
Mohammed R. Elshaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Positively Charged

Activated carbons prepared from cashew nut shells and modified by grafting polyethylenimine onto the surface were tested for removal of Cr (VI). The removal efficiency of carbons without and with polyethylenimine decreased with an increase in pH, with maximum efficiency found at pH 2. The average maximum adsorption capacities of carbons were calculated to be 340 ± 20 mg/g and 320 ± 20 mg/g for unmodified and modified carbons, respectively. Surface characterization of carbons revealed that C–O functionalities are actively involved in both polyethylenimine grafting and Cr (VI) removal. Moreover, lactone groups and amides, formed by polyethylenimine grafting, seemingly undergo acid hydrolysis with formation of phenol and carboxylic groups. Considering that Cr (III) is the only form of chromium found on the surface of both carbons, the reduction mechanism is deduced as the predominant one. Here Cr (VI), majorly present as HCrO4¯, is attracted to the positively charged carbon surface, reduced to Cr (III) by phenol groups, and adsorbed inside the pores. The mechanism of Cr (VI) removal appears to be similar for unmodified and modified carbons, where the smaller adsorption capacity of the latter one can be related to steric hindrance and pore inaccessibility.

scholarly journals Physiotherapeutic Applications of Biomechanical Opposing Indicators – Based on Measurements of Taekwon-Do Athlets

2017 ◽  
pp. 212-215
Author(s):  
Jacek Wąsik ◽  
Dorota Ortenburger ◽  
Tomasz Góra
Keyword(s):  
Green Light ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Tennis Ball ◽  
Table Tennis ◽  
Everyday Functioning ◽  
Kinematic Effect ◽  
The Road ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Left And Right

Background. In everyday life people constantly face the dilemma of speed and accuracy. The aim of the cognitive quantification was to increase the knowledge about kinematic effect of a target. The practical aim would be to apply kinematic effect of a target in clinical situations, to supply for physiotherapeutic programs. Material and Method. The analysis was performed 14 taekwondo ITF athletes. During research they performed front left and right kicks in a lateral standing position: into the air (without a physical target), to a table tennis ball hanging on a line and a training target. The laboratory for the analysis of movement named HML was used here. Results. The highest average maximum velocity was obtained by the kicks without a physical target (10,78 - 1,32 m/s for men and 8,51 - 1,50 m/s for women)(p<0,05), then to the shield (9,98 - 1,40 m/s for men and 8,28 - 1,59 m/s for women) (p<0,05) and to the ball (9,63 -0,94 m/s for men 7,73 - 2,01 m/s for women) (p<0,05). Discussion.The obtained results provided the argument supporting the thesis that the type of target influences on the method of solving the dilemma: the velocity of movement and its precision during a frontal kick. Both, in the case of women and men who practisetaekwon-do, lowering the velocity of a kick, performed towards a precisely established target, in comparison with the velocity of a kick without a precisely established physical target (into the air) was observed. For many people with the dysfunctions of the movement organs, everyday functioning, especially related to movement, makes a challenge. In such a case crossing the road at the green light in particular time or stepping on the escalator (the examples of such barriers are numerous) are the tasks that reveal the dilemma of velocity and precision. There are many factors that may support the efficiency of these efforts. One of them may be the feeling of the efficiency of activity that has a psychological character.

scholarly journals Modeling and Optimization of a Residential Solar Stand-Alone Power System

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hany A. Khater ◽  
Amr A. Abdelraouf ◽  
Mohamed H. Beshr
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Great Ability ◽  
Modeling And Optimization ◽  
Solar Tracking ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
System Output ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
The Cost

Modeling and optimization of a residential solar-powered stand-alone power system comprising photovoltaic (PV) arrays and secondary batteries are presented. Moreover, an economic study is performed to determine the cost of electricity (COE) produced from this system so as to determine its competitiveness with the conventional sources of electricity. All of the calculations are performed using a computer code developed by using MATLAB. The system output was calculated for Cairo city (30°01′N, 31°14′E) in Egypt. It was found that dual-axis solar tracking is not economically feasible while cooling of the PV surface helps to lower the COE of the system. Also, the average maximum efficiency of the modeled 200 W solar cells was 14.16%. The system which has an efficiency of 12% showed a great ability to satisfy the estimated demand load. The COE obtained from the system was found to be 41.7 cents/kWh over 20 years of its operation with an expected future cost of 31 cents/kWh.

scholarly journals Radiofrequency tumor ablation system with a wireless or implantable probe

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Julian Moore ◽  
Sheng Xu ◽  
Bradford J. Wood ◽  
Hongliang Ren ◽  
Zion Tsz Ho Tse
Keyword(s):  
Power Efficiency ◽  
Electromagnetic Induction ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Body ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Ablation Zone ◽  
Received Power ◽  
Average Maximum

AbstractRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a non-invasive image-guided procedure where tumors are heated in the body with electrical current. RFA procedures are commonly indicated for patients with limited local disease or who are not surgical candidates. Current methods of RFA use multiple cords and wires that ergonomically complicate the procedure and present the risk of cutting or shorting the circuit if they are damaged. A wireless RFA technique based on electromagnetic induction is presented in this paper. The transmitting and receiving coils were coupled to resonate at the same frequency to ensure the highest power output. The receiving coil was connected to two insulated electrodes on a catheter, which allowed the current to flow to the targeted tissue. The prototype system was tested with ex-vivo bovine tissue, which has similar thermal and electrical properties to human tissue. The setup can monitor the received power, efficiency, temperature, and ablation zone during ablation procedures. The maximum received power was 15 W, and the average maximum efficiency was 63.27%. The novel system was also able to ablate up to a 2 cm ablation zone in non-perfused tissue. This proof of concept for performing RFA wirelessly with electromagnetic induction may merit further optimization.

The three-dimensional structure of frozen-hydrated left- and right-handed forms of bacterial flagellar filaments from an identical serotype

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
S. Trachtenberg ◽  
D. J. DeRosier
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Basal Body ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Protein Species ◽  
Liquid Environment ◽  
Bacterial Flagellum ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Rotary Motor ◽  
Helical Parameters

The bacterial cell is propelled through the liquid environment by means of one or more rotating flagella. The bacterial flagellum is composed of a basal body (rotary motor), hook (universal coupler), and filament (propellor). The filament is a rigid helical assembly of only one protein species — flagellin. The filament can adopt different morphologies and change, reversibly, its helical parameters (pitch and hand) as a function of mechanical stress and chemical changes (pH, ionic strength) in the environment.

Advantages of Complementary Stereo Images as Viewed with the Low-Temperature Field-Emission SEM

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1314-1315
Author(s):  
William P. Wergin ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Fold Increase ◽  
Horizontal Displacement ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Pair Analysis

The eye-brain complex allows those of us with normal vision to perceive and evaluate our surroundings in three-dimensions (3-D). The principle factor that makes this possible is parallax - the horizontal displacement of objects that results from the independent views that the left and right eyes detect and simultaneously transmit to the brain for superimposition. The common SEM micrograph is a 2-D representation of a 3-D specimen. Depriving the brain of the 3-D view can lead to erroneous conclusions about the relative sizes, positions and convergence of structures within a specimen. In addition, Walter has suggested that the stereo image contains information equivalent to a two-fold increase in magnification over that found in a 2-D image. Because of these factors, stereo pair analysis should be routinely employed when studying specimens.Imaging complementary faces of a fractured specimen is a second method by which the topography of a specimen can be more accurately evaluated.

Histological evaluation of cochlear hair cell damage from noise-induced hearing loss in chinchillas

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
R.V. Harrison ◽  
R.J. Mount ◽  
P. White ◽  
N. Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Hair Cell ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Acoustic Trauma ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Cochlear Hair Cell ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Contralateral Ear

In studies which attempt to define the influence of various factors on recovery of hair cell integrity after acoustic trauma, an experimental and a control ear which initially have equal degrees of damage are required. With in a group of animals receiving an identical level of acoustic trauma there is more symmetry between the ears of each individual, in respect to function, than between animals. Figure 1 illustrates this, left and right cochlear evoked potential (CAP) audiograms are shown for two chinchillas receiving identical trauma. For this reason the contralateral ear is used as control.To compliment such functional evaluations we have devised a scoring system, based on the condition of hair cell stereocilia as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, which permits total stereociliar damage to be expressed numerically. This quantification permits correlation of the degree of structural pathology with functional changes. In this paper wereport experiments to verify the symmetry of stereociliar integrity between two ears, both for normal (non-exposed) animals and chinchillas in which each ear has received identical noise trauma.

The crystallography characteristic of (Mn,Fe)S single crystal

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 898-899
Author(s):  
Jiang Xishan
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Point Group ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Hexagonal Crystal ◽  
Growth Step ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Fcc Structure ◽  
New Discovery

This paper reports the growth step pattern and morphology at equilibrium and growth states of (Mn,Fe)S single crystal on the wall of micro-voids in ZG25 cast steel by using scanning electron microscope. Seldom report was presented on the growth morphology and steppattern of (Mn,Fe)S single crystal.Fig.1 shows the front half of the polyhedron of(Mn,Fe)S single crystal,its central area being the square crystal plane,the two pairs of hexagons symmetrically located in the high and low, the left and right with a certain, angle to the square crystal plane.According to the symmetrical relationship of crystal, it was defined that the (Mn,Fe)S single crystal at equilibrium state is tetrakaidecahedron consisted of eight hexagonal crystal planes and six square crystal planes. The macroscopic symmetry elements of the tetrakaidecahedron correpond to Oh—n3m symmetry class of fcc structure,in which the hexagonal crystal planes are the { 111 } crystal planes group,square crystal plaits are the { 100 } crystal planes group. This new discovery of the (Mn,Fe)S single crystal provides a typical example of the point group of Oh—n3m.

Left and Right in Global Politics

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Noel ◽  
Jean-Philippe Therien
Keyword(s):  
Global Politics ◽  
Left And Right
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