scholarly journals SEPTIC CONDITION OF ARRIGATED MEADOW SIEROZEM SOILBY PESTICID RESIDUES

Author(s):  
Kh. N Karimov ◽  
◽  
Z. Z. Uzakov ◽  

In the Republic of Uzbekistan widespread agrotechnical and melioration measures are carried out, aimed to melt the population demands on the ecologically clean agricultural products. The output quality can be improved through quantity reduction of residue toxic pesticides accumulating in soil. Study of soil quality, development of agro-engineering measures on pollution decrease are an important problem today. The research was conducted in the fields of meadow sierozem soil with a total area of 5 hectare of selected agricultural holding. In 5 key fields soil samples were taken for chemical analysis. As an experimental zone the 1st cut was chosen, placed with a height of 420 meters above sea-level. In the first ten days of April 26 soil samples were selected from soils 0-30, 30-50, 50-80, 80-100, 120-150 centimeters with 3 cuts and 2 borer points (hand drill). The research was conducted in field and laboratory conditions. Solution of obtained soil samples was tested on Mass- chromatograph machine. In determining of initial ecological state of soil, the main focus was given to organochlorine pesticides with toxic effect. Admissible quantity (MAC) in soil for pesticides HCCH and its metabolites is 0,1 mg / kg. Laboratory research showed that in analytics in all cuts the number of pesticides is high, that is 1-35, 3 times higher than MAC, determined for soil.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
S.T. ZHUMASHEVA ◽  
◽  
L.T. ALSHEMBAYEVA ◽  
B.N. SABENOVA ◽  
◽  
...  

The system of measures of public support for production of export-oriented agricultural products in Kazakhstan and the EAEU member States is considered, directions for its improvement are determined. Indicators of production of gross domestic product, gross agricultural output, the share of crop production industry in it on average for 2015-2019 are presented. The prospects for export of domestic food have been studied; for this purpose, it is necessary to strengthen agricultural specialization of each industry. The authors note that phytosanitary measures are currently not regulated, there is no unified method for calculating the level of support, unified requirements for obtaining breeding products, a unified procedure for animal identification, unified rules for laboratory research and veterinary control. It is required to systematize and harmonize the existing tools and mechanisms for the development of the branches of agroindustrial complex of the republic in order to form a single market for the States of the Eurasian Economic Union, as well as develop sectoral programs. The article substantiates the need for systematic public support for the development of agro-industrial complex, aimed at meeting the needs of the domestic market and the implementation of centralized policy to promote exports. It is shown that environmental friendliness is one of the main competitive advantages of food products in the republic, contributing to the strengthening of Kazakhstan's positions on external sales market. The structure of exports of Kazakhstani agricultural products should be focused on reducing the share of raw materials in favor of agricultural products with high added value. In industries with high export potential, large specialized commodity zones and optimal flows of goods will be formed in order to ensure the country's food security..


Author(s):  
Sesegma Zhargalova ◽  
Maria Bazarova ◽  
Alla Gomboeva

The article considers the place of agriculture in the economy, the structure of agricultural products in general and by category of farms in the Russian Federation and in the Republic of Buryatia. The dynamics of physical volumes of agricultural products is presented, availability and efficiency of use of production resources are analyzed, the level of self-sufficiency of the Republic of Buryatia in the main types of agricultural products is studied.


Author(s):  
Александр Пахомов ◽  
Василий Дарбасов ◽  
Михаил Охлопков ◽  
Екатерина Федорова ◽  
Михаил Соломонов

Статья написана в связи с выходом в 2018 г. последней редакции постановления Правительства Российской Федерации «О государственных закупочных интервенциях сельско-хозяйственной продукции». Целью исследования является обоснование продвижения государственного регулирования рынка местной сельскохозяйственной продукции в виде закупочных интервенций в регионах. Проведен анализ существующих зарубежных и отечественных государственных закупочных интервенций, дано обоснование закупочных интервенций в регионе, а также выработаны предложения по продвижению закупочных интервенций с федерального центра в регионы. This article was written in connection with a September 2018 release of the latest edition of a Regulation of the Russian Fed-eration Government on government purchasing interventions of agricultural products. An aim of the authors of the article is substantiation of promotion of the state regulation of a market of the local agricultural products in the form of the purchasing interventions in regions. The authors analyzed the existing for-eign and domestic government purchasing interventions, comments on the latest version of the Regulation of the Russian Federation Government on the govern-ment purchasing interventions, the substantiation of the purchasing interventions in the region and de-velopment of proposals to promote the purchasing interventions from the federal center to the regions. Relevance of the promotion of the purchasing interventions from the federal center to the regions fol-lows from Russian particularity: remoteness of the regions from the center, weak regional transport infrastructure, necessity to replicate a federal technology of the state regulation of the agricultural product market in the regions of the Russian Federation. In the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), repeated attempts were made to create compensation funds of the regulation of agricultural product prices. However, in the region there is no full-fledged intervention fund effectively influencing sales of the agri-cultural products. Consequently, in conditions of the Republic, where a shortage of the agricultural products, raw materials and food is acute, implementation of the commodity intervention is the neces-sary condition for the regulation of the agricultural market. For the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in our opinion, it is advisable to carry out the commodity interventions concerning beef, meat of young horses, venison, fish, dairy products, game, fruits of wild plants and even for rough and succulent fodder for livestock. The latter are relevant due to droughts and floods that regularly occur in a area of the region. Manufacturing costs of the local products will always be higher than the ones of imported food, given the harsh natural and climatic conditions, the remoteness of agricultural commodity producers from the sale markets in the conditions of absence of the transport infrastructure. In this regard, the prices of the local products should be regulated by the state in order to support the local producers. Obviously, the government regulation should not replace market functions or impede operation of its laws. Its main task is to mitigate undesirable consequences of manifestations of market power. One of the main regula-tory methods is the commodity intervention.


Author(s):  
D. Villalva-Bustamante ◽  
M. F. Logroño-Rodríguez ◽  
T. F. Flores-Pulgar ◽  
B. Naula-Erazo

The Decentralized Autonomous Government of the province of Chimborazo promotes the agricultural productive development of the province by promoting entrepreneurship, and improving the capacities of producers, access to production factors, and integration of actors and subjects of agriculture and management on the basis to strategic planning. The construction of the Chimborazo Competitiveness Agenda was a participatory process that identified opportunities to improve the agricultural sector, where agricultural production at the primary level was recognized as a vocation and strength of the province; however, a strategic necessity was to establish possibilities of adding value and diversifying agricultural production. The definition of a set of agricultural products with high potential at the primary level and/or in agroindustrial processes that are not deeply explored required determining market signals to identify new medium- and long-term commercial possibilities for Chimborazo farmers. Additionally, it was recognized that the management of the province of Chimborazo was based on its management of the Millennium Development Goals, the Constitution of the Republic, the National Plan for Development in a Supra-Provincial Framework, as well as the Plan Development of Chimborazo, the Territorial Planning Plan and others that promoted planning with a focus on territorial and solidarity sustainable development. Keywords: Chimborazo, productive development, entrepreneurship, agricultural sector. Resumen El Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado de la Provincia de Chimborazo impulsa el fomento productivo agrícola de la provincia mediante la promoción del emprendimiento, el mejoramiento de las capacidades de los productores, acceso a factores de producción, integración de los actores y sujetos del agro y gestión en base a una planificación estratégica. Como parte de dicho accionar, la construcción de la Agenda de Competitividad Chimborazo fue un proceso participativo que identificó oportunidades para mejorar el sector agrícola, donde se reconoció la producción agrícola a nivel primario como una vocación y fortaleza de la provincia, no obstante, una necesidad estratégica fue el establecer posibilidades de agregación de valor y de diversificar la producción agrícola. La definición de un conjunto de productos agrícolas con alto potencial a nivel primario y/o en procesos agroindustriales que no están profundamente explorados requirió determinar señales de mercado para identificar posibilidades comerciales nuevas a mediano y largo plazo para los agricultores de Chimborazo. Adicionalmente, se reconoció que la gestión de la provincia de Chimborazo tuvo como base los Objetivos del Milenio, la Constitución de la República, el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo en un marco supra-provincial, así como el Plan de Desarrollo de Chimborazo, el Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial y otros en su conjunto que promovieron una planificación con un enfoque de desarrollo sostenible territorial y solidario. Palabras clave: Chimborazo, fomento productivo, emprendimiento, sector agrícola.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-527
Author(s):  
S.O. Kanzyvaa ◽  
◽  
S.B.N. Kuzhuget ◽  
N.D. Chadamba ◽  
A.V. Khuurak ◽  
...  

Modern arable land in the Republic of Tyva is located on chestnut soils (69%) and chernozems (25%), but the former are characterized by low fertility. Soil fertility depends on the particle size distribution, structure, water-air regime, etc. Durind agricultural use of soils, the disturbance of the structure, especially of light particle size distribution, as well as depletion of humus and nutrient reserves can occur in them. Therefore, the aim of our work was to identify the influence of fallows on the change in the waterphysical properties of chestnut soils of the BarunKhemchiksky district of the Republic of Tyva. The chestnut soils of fallow and arable lands of the Barun-Khemchiksky district of the Republic of Tyva with the laying of two soil sections in arable and fallow fields were chosen as the object of the study. Soil samples from two horizons (arable and subsurface) were selected by the five-spot method. The water properties of these soils were subjected to the following analyzes: determining the water permeability of the soil according to the method of N. A. Kachinsky, determining the speed and height of rising water, determining the total capillary moisture capacity. As a result, it was found that the soil cover of the studied territories is represented by light loamy chestnut soils. Samples of fallow soil showed good water permeability with the amount of incoming water 80–100 mm per 1 hour. The water-lifting rate of soil arable land samples is slightly greater than the soil samples of the fallow: the soil sample of the arable layer of the arable land was completely moistened after 20 minutes, and the soil sample of the arable horizon of the fallow – only after 40 minutes. The moisture capacity of the fallow soil samples turned to be slightly higher than the arable land. An analysis of the studied samples indicates the improvement in the water-physical properties of the chestnut soils of the fallow compared with the arable field. Relatively low moisture capacity and accelerated water capacity indicate a destroyed and dispersed structure of arable land.


Author(s):  
Rodica Sturza

The presented results reflect the researches carried out over the last decade, having as their object the soil, water, vegetal raw materials, and wines from the Republic of Moldova. The analysis of the possible anthropogenic contamination (NAA method) demonstrated the absence of systematic soil pollution. A total of 30 elements were determined in soil samples and the soil-leaves-fruit transfer factors were calculated. Approximately 3000 samples of local wines have been analysed to determine the residual quantities of pesticides. POPs were not found in any of the wine samples. In most of the examined cases (> 60% of samples), the lack of organic pesticide residues was observed. The migration of phthalates into different solutions from polymeric materials (PVC, rubber) and the influence of the temperature on the extraction rate were investigated. It has been shown that the contamination with phthalate residues occurs predominantly at the stage of grape processing, technological treatment, and storage.


Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Cardwell ◽  
P. J. Cotty

Certain members of Aspergillus section Flavi produce carcinogenic and immunotoxic metabo-lites called aflatoxins. These fungi perennate in soils and infect maize grain in the field and in storage. The distribution of Aspergillus section Flavi across the four different agroecologies of Bénin Republic was determined. The four agroecological zones range from humid equatorial tropics in the south to the dry savanna near the Sahara desert in the north. Soil samples collected in 1994 to 1996 from 44 different maize fields in Bénin were assayed over 3 years (88 samples total) for fungi in Aspergillus section Flavi. All soils tested contained A. flavus. Isolates (1,454 total) were collected by dilution plate from the soils and existed in populations ranging from <10 to >200 CFU/g of soil. CFU counts did not differ from year to year or change significantly with cropping systems within a zone, but differed significantly among zones. Incidence of A. flavus strain isolations varied from south to north, with greater number of CFU of L strain isolates in southern latitudes and higher numbers of CFU of S strain isolates found in the north. The L strain isolates occurred in 81 of 88 samples, whereas S strain isolates were in only 41 of 88 soil samples. Of 96 L strain isolates tested, 44% produced aflatoxins. Only B toxins were produced, and toxigenic isolates averaged over 100 μg of aflatoxin B1 per 70 ml of fermentation medium (~1.4 ppm). All S strain isolates produced both B and G aflatoxins, averaging over 557 μg of aflatoxin B1 per 70 ml (8 ppm) and 197 μg of aflatoxin G1 per 70 ml of fermentation me- dium (2.8 ppm). A. parasiticus and A. tamarii were present in less than 10% of the fields and were not associated with any particular agroecological zone.


2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1448-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Janković ◽  
Dragana Todorović ◽  
Milovan Savanović

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00080
Author(s):  
Marsel Khismatullin ◽  
Farit Mukhametgaliev ◽  
Nail Asadullin ◽  
Fayaz Avkhadiev ◽  
Mars Khismatullin ◽  
...  

The article discusses the issue of government support for reclamation activities in the context of new challenges of the economic environment. The relevance of the issue is due to the need for intensive development of the agricultural sector caused by globalization processes, which have created fierce competition, both in the international and domestic food markets. Sustainable production of agricultural products on irrigated lands is one of the main indicators of the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex in areas of risky agriculture, including the Republic of Tatarstan. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of irrigated agriculture whose development depends on the stability of agricultural production and food security. The study aims to identify trends in the development of land reclamation at the regional level and substantiate measures aimed to improve the economic efficiency. The paper presents results of the analysis of development of land reclamation in the Republic of Tatarstan, identifies directions of its development, provides recommendations for ensuring sustainable growth in the volume of reclaimed land and agricultural products, income from the sale of products obtained through irrigation. The research results can be used to develop programs aimed at the development of federal and regional food markets, organizational, economic, technological measures to improve the efficiency of agricultural production, rural areas and the provision of high-quality food supply to the population.


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