scholarly journals Prospects of Forming a New Rail Freight Tariff System

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-219
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Level ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Rail Freight ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Tariff System ◽  
Freight Market

The rail freight market is one of the most important sectors of the Russian economy. From year to year there has been evidence of inefficiency of rail freight regulation rules: shippers prefer to use alternative types of transport for goods with high added value, decreasing revenues of OAO “RZD” (Russian Railways) and limiting its investment program. To create conditions for development, there have been discussions about directions of reforms needed in the rail freight sector. Market players like OAO “RZD”, the government, and shippers have been putting forward their own optimal market schemes, but mainly they are controversial. In this paper, the authors propose a vector for further development of an optimal rail freight market model, which would take into account interests of all market players. At the first stage, we evaluated elasticities of demand for rail freight transportation for different types of goods. At the second stage, we measured levels of rail freight tariffs in Russia and compared them with the theoretical optimal level according to the Ramsey rule. With maximum public welfare taken as the optimal criteria, directions for further development of tariff s for the medium to long term have been identified. According to our estimates, the present tariff system leads to 0.2% of GDP welfare being lost annually. The new tariff system would ensure a 4–6% increase in freight volumes by decreasing the average level of tariffs. This tariff system can be applied as part of rail freight regulation improvements.

Crisis Reactions and Their Consequences for the Real Sector of the Russian Economy

2011 ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
V. Lushin
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Dutch Disease ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
The Real ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Modernization

The author analyzes factors that led to a deeper fall in output and profitability in the real sector of the Russian economy in comparison with other segments during the acute phase of the financial crisis. It is argued that some contradictions in the government anti-recession policy, activities of the financial sector and natural monopolies lead to pumping out added value created in manufacturing and agriculture, increase symptoms of the «Dutch disease», etc. It is shown that it may threaten the balanced development of the Russian economy, and a set of measures is suggested to minimize these tendencies and create a basis for the state modernization policy.

Corporate Added Value in the Context of Web 2.0

2010 ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Oliver Bohl ◽  
Shakib Manouchehri
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Activity Model ◽  
Corporate Actions ◽  
The Relationship

Firms have faced and explored the increased use of Web 2.0. Driven mainly by private users, Web 2.0 may also have significant implications for corporate actions and business models. By systematically scanning and verifying possible positive and negative effects on the value of their creation, firms might be able to formulate and establish well-grounded strategies for corporate Web 2.0 applications and services. To establish such a process in an effective and adequate manner, it is necessary to analyze the relationship between Web 2.0 and corporate added value. This chapter contributes to these efforts by demonstrating that the corporate use of Web 2.0 applications is reinforced by fundamental and long-term business trends. The discussion pertains to the possibilities emerging from the application of Web 2.0 paradigms to business models; the market model, the activity model, and the capital market model. The potentials, risks, mainsprings, and restrictions associated with the corporate use of Web 2.0 are evaluated.

scholarly journals THE SCALE OF THE SPREAD OF COVID-19 IN GEORGIA AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PREVENTIVE MEASURES IMPLIMENTED BY THE GOVERNMENT – WHAT DO MODELS SAY?

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
IURI ANANIASHVILI ◽  
LEVAN GAPRINDASHVILI
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Different Characteristics

. In this article we present forecasts of the spread of COVID-19 virus, obtained by econometric and machine learning methods. Furthermore, by employing modelling method, we estimate effectiveness of preventive measures implemented by the government. Each of the models discussed in this article is modelling different characteristics of the COVID-19 epidemic’s trajectory: peak and end date, number of daily infections over different forecasting horizons, total number of infection cases. All these provide quite clear picture to the interested reader of the future threats posed by COVID-19. In terms of existing models and data, our research indicates that phenomenological models do well in forecasting the trend, duration and total infections of the COVID- 19 epidemic, but make serious mistakes in forecasting the number of daily infections. Machine learning models, deliver more accurate short –term forecast of daily infections, but due to data limitations, they struggle to make long-term forecasts. Compartmental models are the best choice for modelling the measures implemented by the government for preventing the spread of COVID-19 and determining optimal level of restrictions. These models show that until achieving herd immunity (i.e. without any epidemiological or government implemented measures), approximate number of people infected with COVID-19 would be 3 million, but due to preventive measures, expected total number of infections has reduced to several thousand (1555-3189) people. This unequivocally indicates the effectiveness of the preventive measures.

scholarly journals Model of effective market and technology of freight railway transportation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-138
Author(s):  
Danila S. Belnitsky
Keyword(s):  
Rail Transport ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
Service Market ◽  
Rail Freight ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
Railway Freight ◽  
Railway Industry ◽  
Freight Market

Background: Liberalization processes, an attempt of the railway industry to transition to a new market model (free competition market) without corresponding changes in the component of the model, negatively affect the efficiency of the railway industry and the efficiency of the freight railway service market. This article proposes to look at the problem not from the standpoint of changing the form of ownership in the industry and the formation of a free competition market, but from the standpoint of finding an equilibrium between the technology of work and the applied model of the freight rail transport market. The research is based on the well-known Industrial organization concept. The author views the market as a living mechanism that responds to changes in its components within its own field, not only as a place for transactions. The efficiency of the freight rail transport market largely depends on the technology for creating a freight rail service. It is proposed to form a market model focusing not on the type of competition, but on a certain harmony of the technology of freight railway service and the market, or rather the balance of the components of the service market. Aim: to define a model of an efficient rail freight market. in which the railway industry can show maximum efficiency. Methods: expert assessment of attempt to change the model of the railway freight market; analysis of the reasons for the imbalance in the economic mechanism of transportation activities in the field of freight railway transportation; attempt to structure goals of an efficient railway freight market. Results: the author's interpretation of the concepts is presented: "The market of freight rail transportation", "The economy of freight rail transportation", "The owner of the process of freight rail transportation", "Participant of the process of freight rail transportation"; a model is proposed, the image and goals of an effective freight railway service market are formed. Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, recommendations can be formulated on the formation of a balanced model of the rail freight market and adjusting the goals and the existing market model.

Challenges of Russian economic development and government economic policy

2016 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
A. Ulyukaev
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Russian Economic Development ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
State Support ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Government

The article analyzes the problems faced by the Russian economy, and response by the government economic policy. The author considers measures to address four key tasks that will maximize long-term economic growth: the reduction of direct and transaction costs, creation of conditions for the transformation of savings into investments, fostering investment activity through the mechanisms of state support, as well as the removal of demand constraints.

scholarly journals Trends in the management of global economic development in the post-pandemic period

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-86
Author(s):  
Iaroslav Petrunenko ◽  
Valentyna Chychun ◽  
Nataliia Shuprudko ◽  
Yuliia Kalynichenko ◽  
Issa Ali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Forecasting Method ◽  
Short Run ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

This article is devoted to the study of trends in the management of global economic development in the post-pandemic period. The paper developed recommendations for further development of countries in the context of the recurrence of pandemics. With this in mind, the main trends in the development of countries during the pandemic were considered and the impact of quarantine on the economies of various countries was determined. To model the future actions of states, based on studies of the historical preconditions for the development of countries in the post-crisis period, the basic patterns were identified, allowing to predict different scenarios of world economic development. The article introduces a forecasting method of global economic development based on the quadrant of trust and affluence of the population, which allows predicting various options for post-pandemic development according to four possible scenarios. The first option is a rapid V-shaped growth, which is based on the fact that with a sufficient level of public confidence in the government, as soon as the quarantine restrictions expire, the economy will gain momentum. The second one is the long-term U-shaped growth, which is expected to take place in terms of insufficient public confidence in the government, with a population reluctant to invest in economic growth. The third one is the L-shaped development, which does not provide for economic recovery in the short run due to public distrust and the impossibility of business recovery. Finally, the fourth scenario is the worst one: it's the way of development, that occurs in case of impossibility of survival and complete distrust to the government; the population will be forced to organize protests and revolutions, thus making the economy operate even worse. According to the expectations of international regulators, V or U-shaped recovery of the world economy after the COVID-19 pandemic is expected nowadays. Most businessmen believe that post-pandemic development will be U-shaped. To improve the mechanisms of managing the development of world economies, the directions of development are proposed focused not on capitalist, but social goals. The state should occupy an important place in this process acting as a guarantor of efficient allocation of resources and providing social guarantees to the population during possible further cataclysms.

scholarly journals Challenges and risks in the process of Russia’s post-pandemic economic recovery

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
O. M. Makhalina ◽  
V. N. Makhalin
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
National Action Plan ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Government

The COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has had a negative impact on economies around the world. The article analyses the macroeconomic indicators characterising the Russian economy after the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this action on Russia’s global indicators have been compared with those of some countries in the world. The objectives and activities of the “National Action Plan for Employment and Income Recovery, Economic Growth and Long-Term Structural Changes in the Economy” (hereinafter the “National Action Plan”) have been considered. This document sets out the country’s development over the next two years and measures to recover the economy from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Government of the Russian Federation is allocating 5 trillion roubles for the implementation of the “National Action Plan”. Meanwhile, the main objective is to ensure a sustainable economic development and income growth path within two years. The indicators of the main goal to be achieved by the end of 2021 are: sustainable growth of the personal income; reduction of unemployment to 5%; growth of the gross domestic product by 2.5% per annum. In conclusion, the challenges and risks in implementing the “National Action Plan” have been formulated. 

Foreign Direct Investments in BRICS Countries

2013 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
V. Bobrova ◽  
K. Protasov
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Policy Coherence ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Further Development

The analysis of Brazil's, Russia's, India's, China's and RSA's opportunities allows to speak about the further development of BRICS potential in the near future due to increase of the FDI flows both within BRICS and in its relations with third countries. China which to date selectively takes foreign investments giving special priority to their qualitative characteristics will remain the most long-term country. Russia continues to be one of global leaders in the field of resource development and a country with plenty of unrealized opportunities in the industrial sector. By today, there is still much tension around the issue of new growth drivers and investment climate improvement. Given the decrease in the investment attractiveness of the Western Europe which led the way as a FDI recipient in the past, in 2011 Russia's indexes doubled as compared to 2005. As far as the Russian economy development prospects are viewed as advantageous in the whole, everything will depend on the state policy coherence, where it's worth to study the BRICS partners' experiences.

DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNET MARKETING AND ITS ROLE IN PROMOTING REGIONAL TOURISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
S.A. KIRILLOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Marketing ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Regional Tourism ◽  
Digital Development ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Analogue To Digital ◽  
Further Development

Internal tourism has tremendous potential for becoming one of the leading non-resource sectors in the Russian economy enabling its further development. The implementation of this potential will be largely supported by its promotion using Internet marketing technologies, as this is one of the major factors to maintain the demand for internal tourism not only during the period of closed borders, but also over the long term. The paper substantiates objective feasibility for the transition from 'analogue' to digital marketing, as evidenced by global trends in the digital development pointing out to the fact that digital technologies, mobile devices and social networks have become an indispensable part of people’s everyday life throughout the entire world. The conclusion is made about the necessity of performing prompt recordings of the trends formed in the sphere of Internet marketing in order to provide effective promotion of regional tourism.

scholarly journals The importance of research and development costs for strategic business competitiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Petr Levchaev
Keyword(s):  
Business Value ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Development Costs ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Modern Economic ◽  
Business Competitiveness

In the modern economic system, the leadership belongs to companies that actively introduce innovations. This is all the more important for building the innovative structure of the Russian economy. It is innovative products that provide businesses with a leading position in the market and the largest share of added value in the medium and long term. In the future, this focus allows you to achieve growth in business value based on the formation of unique competitive advantages and capitalization of intangible assets (brands, goodwill, etc.)

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