scholarly journals Efficacy of Lignophenolic Composts for the Management of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
C. F. Gleena Mary ◽  
Sally K. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Disease Reduction ◽  
Target Effect ◽  
Cent Disease ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Bacterial wilt is one of the most dreaded diseases in tomato growing areas all over the world. Though chemical control measures and resistance breeding offers certain degree of protection against wilt pathogen, both have their own limitations such as high cost, environmental impact, non target effect and development of resistance. Hence, biologically safe methods such as use of composts as soil amendments for wilt management was investigated in the present study which revealed the possibility of the use of ligno-phenolic composts in disease management. Among the five composts tested, application of ayurvedic compost at 45 days after planting was found to be the most effective with lowest wilt incidence of 6.94 per cent against 36.10 per cent in control, with 80.77 per cent disease reduction. At 60 DAP, same trend was noticed with minimum disease incidence in ayurvedic compost (13.88 %) which was on par with full basal application of leaf litter compost (15.27 %), and coir pith compost (16.66 %) with 86.79 to 60.02 per cent reduction of wilt incidence. In case of yield, among the different composts, split and basal application of ayurvedic compost recorded highest yield of 8.9 kg/6.48 m<sup>2</sup>.

scholarly journals Managing major diseases of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) using resistance elicitors and protected cultivation

2017 ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Lucia Borines ◽  
Rezel Sagarino ◽  
Fely Cañete ◽  
Elvira Oclarit ◽  
Zenaida Gonzaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Protected Cultivation ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Diseases, particularly bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a major constraint to vegetable production. Protected cultivation has been proven effective in reducing disease incidence but additional control measures need to be integrated in highly infested soils to mitigate the losses due to diseases. This paper reports the effect of resistance elicitors, particularly chitosan, acetylsalicylic acid and SiO2 in mitigating bacterial wilt disease problem and other naturally occurring diseases in two field trials. Two hundred ppm chitosan, acetylsalicylic acid and their combination had reduced bacterial wilt incidence and increased the yield of tomato under protected cultivation, but not in the open field. SiO2 was not able to reduce bacterial wilt incidence in tomato but had reduced the nematode count, especially Rotylenchulus sp. in the roots, particularly when drenched. Protected cultivation still proved effective in reducing bacterial wilt incidence in both experiments. It’s potential to protect crops against bacterial wilt is further enhanced by the application of chitosan and acetylsalicylic acid, most especially the combination of these treatments. The potential of chitosan and acetylsalicylic acid in protecting plants in the open field against bacterial wilt may be enhanced by the addition of a sticker.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Grafting Using Hybrid Rootstocks for Management of Bacterial Wilt in Field Tomato Production

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 621-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore McAvoy ◽  
Joshua H. Freeman ◽  
Steven L. Rideout ◽  
Stephen M. Olson ◽  
Mathews L. Paret
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Seven hybrid tomato rootstocks with possible resistance to bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and a known resistant cultivar were tested as grafting rootstocks to impart resistance to a bacterial wilt-susceptible cultivar, BHN 602. Greenhouse studies showed resistance of all the rootstocks to bacterial wilt. The disease incidence and yield of ‘BHN 602’ grafted to these rootstocks were evaluated in open-field tomato production in Florida and Virginia over four seasons. Significant differences in bacterial wilt incidence were observed between grafted entries in three of the four trials. In these three trials, grafted entries consistently exhibited the least bacterial wilt incidence compared with the controls; the self-graft, and non-grafted entries. Over all the trials, tomato plants grafted onto ‘Cheong Gang’, ‘BHN 1054’, and ‘BHN 998’ displayed the least bacterial wilt incidence. Rootstocks had a significant effect on total marketable yield in all the trials with certain grafted entries yielding significantly greater than non-grafted ‘BHN 602’. Field studies show that grafting holds promise for decreasing the impact of bacterial wilt on tomato cultivars as well as increasing the overall productivity of tomato cultivars.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Thymol as Biofumigant for Control of Bacterial Wilt of Tomato Under Field Conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Ji ◽  
M. T. Momol ◽  
S. M. Olson ◽  
P. M. Pradhanang ◽  
J. B. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Volatile plant essential oils thymol and palmarosa oil, used at a concentration of 0.7%, were evaluated under field conditions for control of bacterial wilt of tomato caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. The experimental fields were artificially infested with the bacterial pathogen. Two hours after infestation, the plant essential oils were applied, then the plots were sealed with plastic mulch for 3 or 6 days. Tomato seedlings were transplanted into the field 7 days later. In fall of 2002, 92.5% of tomato plants (cv. Equinox) wilted in the untreated control plots. Both thymol and palmarosa oil soil treatments reduced bacterial wilt incidence significantly. Thymol was more effective than palmarosa oil based on the final assessment, when 33.1 and 48.1% of the plants had wilted in plots treated with thymol and palmarosa oil, respectively. Soil treatment with either thymol or palmarosa oil produced significantly higher yield of tomato than the untreated control. In 2003, only thymol was evaluated. Thymol application significantly reduced bacterial wilt incidence on the susceptible cultivar Solar Set. Disease incidence in untreated plots reached 65.5%, while in thymol treated plots only 12% of plants wilted. Thymol treatment also increased yield of Solar Set significantly compared with the untreated control. This is the first report on the use of thymol for controlling a plant disease under field conditions, which indicated that this compound provided effective control of bacterial wilt on susceptible tomato cultivars when used as preplant treatment of soils. Because of its volatile property and broad-spectrum functions, thymol shows potential to be used as a soil biofumigant for the management of various plant pathogens.

scholarly journals Foliar Applications of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl Negatively Affect the Yield of Grafted Tomatoes in Fields Infested with Ralstonia solanacearum

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 890-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju Kunwar ◽  
Mathews L. Paret ◽  
Joshua H. Freeman ◽  
Laura Ritchie ◽  
Stephen M. Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Three field experiments were conducted in Florida from 2012-2014 to assess the impact of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), a systemic acquired-resistance inducer, applied as foliar spray or through drip-irrigation lines, on bacterial wilt incidence and yield of grafted tomatoes. The experiments were conducted in a field with race 1, biovar 1 strain of Ralstonia solanacearum, causal agent of tomato bacterial wilt. In all three experiments, the susceptible tomato variety BHN 602, grafted onto a resistant rootstock BHN 998, was compared with nongrafted BHN 602, treated with or without foliar applications of ASM and with grafted plants treated with foliar applications of ASM. In two experiments, an additional treatment of drip applications of ASM on grafted and nongrafted plants was evaluated. Grafting alone or in combination with drip applications of ASM (178.6 μM) significantly reduced disease incidence and increased total marketable yield relative to nongrafted treatments. There were no significant differences between grafted plants with or without drip ASM applications in terms of bacterial wilt incidence or total marketable yield. However, we demonstrate for the first time that foliar ASM applications on grafted plants negatively affects the total marketable yield compared with drip ASM applications on grafted plants or nontreated grafted control.

scholarly journals BACTERIAL WILT INCIDENCE IN TOMATO AS AFFECTED BY CULTIVAR AND THE DEPTH OF LIME INCORPORATION.

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 268F-268
Author(s):  
R. Ssonkko ◽  
S.J. Locascio ◽  
R.E. Stall ◽  
D.N. Maynard
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Lime Application ◽  
Number Of Bacteria ◽  
Wilt Incidence

A single lime application of 5.4 t/ha per 20 cm increment of soil to a depth of 60 cm controlled bacterial wilt (Psendomonas solanacearum E. Smith) up to 2 years in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) growing in a naturally infested soil. `Sunny' with 64% disease incidence, was the most susceptible, `Capitan' (20%) was intermediate, and `Caraibo' (5%) and `Hawaii 7997' (2%) were the least susceptible. Incorporation of lime 40 to 60 cm deep reduced bacterial wilt incidence in 'Capitan' by 75%, and 60% in `Sunny'. The number of bacteria in the soil was not affected by lime treatment. Soil pH and total Caincreased linearly with time and with depth of lime incorporation. Bacterial wilt control in `Sunny' and `Capitan' was associated with an increase in pH. Liming to 40 or 60 cm generally increased leaf Ca and decreased Mn, Zn, and Cu. `Hawaii 7997' contained significantly higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, and K, and lower Cu compared to 'Sunny'. `Hawaii 7997' produced significantly higher yields than the other cultivars. Deep lime incorporation increased fruit weight of `Sunny' by 184% and 'Capitan' by 79% as compared with 0 lime.

scholarly journals Biocontrol Potential of Chitin and Chitosan Extracted from Black Soldier Fly Pupal Exuviae against Bacterial Wilt of Tomato

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Violah Jepkogei Kemboi ◽  
Carolyne Kipkoech ◽  
Moses Njire ◽  
Samuel Were ◽  
Mevin Kiprotich Lagat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Pupal Exuviae ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan

Globally, Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) is ranked one of the most destructive bacterial pathogens inducing rapid and fatal wilting symptoms on tomatoes. Yield losses on tomatoes vary from 0 to 91% and most control measures are unaffordable to resource-poor farmers. This study investigated the antimicrobial activities of chitin and chitosan extracted from black soldier fly (BSF) pupal exuviae against R. solanacearum. Morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques were used to isolate and characterize R. solanacearum for in vitro pathogenicity test using disc diffusion technique. Our results revealed that BSF chitosan significantly inhibited the growth of R. solanacearum when compared to treatments without chitosan. However, there was no significant difference in the antibacterial activities between BSF and commercial chitosan against R. solanacearum. Soil amended with BSF-chitin and chitosan demonstrated a reduction in bacterial wilt disease incidence by 30.31% and 34.95%, respectively. Whereas, disease severity was reduced by 22.57% and 23.66%, when inoculated tomato plants were subjected to soil amended with BSF chitin and chitosan, respectively. These findings have demonstrated that BSF pupal shells are an attractive renewable raw material for the recovery of valuable products (chitin and chitosan) with promising ability as a new type of eco-friendly control measure against bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum. Further studies should explore integrated pest management options that integrate multiple components including insect-based chitin and chitosan to manage bacterial wilt diseases, contributing significantly to increased tomato production worldwide.

scholarly journals Screening of Tuberose Cultivars against Leaf Spot (Alternaria polyanthi) and its Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mazumder ◽  
S.K. Borah ◽  
K.K. Deka
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Natural Field ◽  
Flower Yield ◽  
Disease Reduction ◽  
Natural Field Condition ◽  
Cent Disease ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Background: Tuberose flower has been found to be affected by various fungal and viral diseases which affect growth and cause loss in flower yield. Among them, leaf spot incited by Aternaria polianthi is an important fungal disease in tuberose. The incidence of the disease is common in the both single and double-type tuberose varieties due to prevalence of high rainfall and humid conditions. During survey it was found that the disease incidence was increasing gradually causing economic losses in Assam. Methods: The field trial was carried out during kharif seasons (2015 -18) to test the efficacy of six fungicides against leaf spot of tuberose (Var. Local single petal) caused by Alternaria polyantha. Four sprays with fungicides at an interval of seven days starting from the first appearance of the disease symptom were done. Per cent disease incidence (%) with growth parameters were recorded one week after the last spray. Another field experiment for screening the resistant genotypes was conducted using 11 tuberose genotypes during kharif seasons (2016-17 and 2017-18). Result: Eleven tuberose cultivars (Bidhan Ranjani-1, Bidhan Ranjani-2, Arka Nirantara, GK-TC-4, Prajwal, Phule Rajani, Local Single, Local Double, Vaibhav, Suhashini and Shringer) were screened against leaf spot caused by A.polyanthi under natural field condition. None of the cultivars were found to be immune or resistant, while three cultivars viz., GK-TC-4, Bidhan Rajani-1 and Arka Nirantara showed moderate resistant reaction with recorded per cent disease incidence of 16.11, 18.17 and 18.71, respectively. Spraying with azoxystrobin, difenoconazole and a combo fungicide consisting of iprodione (25%) + carbendazim (25%), at 0.1% recorded lowest per cent disease incidence of 7.91, 9.83 and 11.85% compared to control (33.62 PDI) with per cent disease reduction of 70.59%, 64.61% and 76.31%, respectively.

scholarly journals Distributional variability of bacterial wilt of chili incited by Ralstonia solanacearum in eight agro-ecological zones of Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad N Aslam ◽  
Tariq Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Indus Delta ◽  
And Control ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Background. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the major constraints in the production of chilies in Pakistan. As the information regarding distribution and prevalence of R. solanacearum is exiguous, the present studies were conducted during 2014-15 to determine the incidence and prevalence of R. solanacearum in the major chili growing areas from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. Results. The overall incidence and prevalence of R. solanacearum in the country was found to be 10% and 76% respectively. Of the four provinces, maximum disease incidence of 16.4% was recorded in Sindh province followed by Punjab and Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa showing 11.4% and 7% disease incidences respectively and the minimum incidence of 4.9% was observed in the province of Baluchistan. As regards prevalence, the same pattern was observed. Out of 8 agro-ecological zones the maximum disease incidence of 19.5% was observed in Indus delta followed by Sandy deserts (14.1%) while the minimum disease incidence of 5% was found in Western dry mountains. The disease incidence in other zones ranged between 5.4 and 14.1%. Similar trend was noticed regarding prevalence being the maximum in Indus delta (100%) followed by Southern irrigated plains (90%). Out of 114 R. solanacearum strains, 92 (81%) were identified as Biovar 3 while the remaining 22 (19%) were recognized as Biovar 4. Biovar 3 was recorded from all the four provinces and was found to be predominant in all the provinces while Biovar 4 was found in the Punjab and Sindh provinces only. Similarly, biovar 3 was observed from all the eight agro ecological zones and found to be predominant. On the other hand, biovar 4 was recorded from four agro ecological zones. Conclusions. The study provides first comprehensive report about the distribution of bacterial wilt of chilies in all the agro ecological zones of the country. The disease has been found fairly distributed in the country with varying intensities warranting stringent surveillance and control measures to minimize yield losses.

scholarly journals Application of a Preliminary Screen to Select Locally Adapted Resistant Rootstock and Soil Amendment for Integrated Management of Tomato Bacterial Wilt in Taiwan

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hung Lin ◽  
Shih-Tien Hsu ◽  
Kuo-Ching Tzeng ◽  
Jaw-Fen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Tomato Bacterial Wilt

Host plant resistance and soil amendment (SA) have not been used extensively to manage tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum due to their variable effects over locations. A preliminary screen was developed to increase the chances of identifying successful control measures under diverse conditions. Isolates from three production areas in Taiwan were collected and their virulence evaluated on tomato. Soil samples from four field sites were collected to evaluate ability to suppress the pathogen of SAs consisting of urea or slaked lime alone or combined at 30°C. The mixture of urea and slaked lime showed the best suppressive effect in three tested soils and was used in subsequent field experiments. Resistant eggplant (EG203) and tomato (Hawaii 7996) rootstocks, selected based on stable resistance against representative strains at the seedling stage, significantly reduced disease incidence in field experiments. EG203 grafted plants exhibited 0 to 2.8% wilted plants compared with 24.4 to 92.9% wilted nongrafted plants. Integrated use of Hawaii 7996 as the rootstock and SA provided significantly greater control of wilt than use of Hawaii 7996 as rootstock alone in only one of the four locations, whereas SA did not provide significant control effect when EG203 was used as the rootstock.

scholarly journals Distributional variability of bacterial wilt of chili incited by Ralstonia solanacearum in eight agro-ecological zones of Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad N Aslam ◽  
Tariq Mukhtar
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Ralstonia Solanacearum ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Sindh Province ◽  
Indus Delta ◽  
And Control ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Background. Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the major constraints in the production of chilies in Pakistan. As the information regarding distribution and prevalence of R. solanacearum is exiguous, the present studies were conducted during 2014-15 to determine the incidence and prevalence of R. solanacearum in the major chili growing areas from different agro-ecological zones of Pakistan. Results. The overall incidence and prevalence of R. solanacearum in the country was found to be 10% and 76% respectively. Of the four provinces, maximum disease incidence of 16.4% was recorded in Sindh province followed by Punjab and Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa showing 11.4% and 7% disease incidences respectively and the minimum incidence of 4.9% was observed in the province of Baluchistan. As regards prevalence, the same pattern was observed. Out of 8 agro-ecological zones the maximum disease incidence of 19.5% was observed in Indus delta followed by Sandy deserts (14.1%) while the minimum disease incidence of 5% was found in Western dry mountains. The disease incidence in other zones ranged between 5.4 and 14.1%. Similar trend was noticed regarding prevalence being the maximum in Indus delta (100%) followed by Southern irrigated plains (90%). Out of 114 R. solanacearum strains, 92 (81%) were identified as Biovar 3 while the remaining 22 (19%) were recognized as Biovar 4. Biovar 3 was recorded from all the four provinces and was found to be predominant in all the provinces while Biovar 4 was found in the Punjab and Sindh provinces only. Similarly, biovar 3 was observed from all the eight agro ecological zones and found to be predominant. On the other hand, biovar 4 was recorded from four agro ecological zones. Conclusions. The study provides first comprehensive report about the distribution of bacterial wilt of chilies in all the agro ecological zones of the country. The disease has been found fairly distributed in the country with varying intensities warranting stringent surveillance and control measures to minimize yield losses.

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