scholarly journals Petroleum Sorption by Thermally Treated Rice Husks Derived from Agricultural Byproducts

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Kudaybergenov ◽  
E.K. Ongarbayev ◽  
Z.A. Mansurov

Agricultural byproducts or residues are widely produced in Kazakhstan and their utilization as a sorbent material for petroleum spill can be developed as low cost, high tech environmental technology. Rice husk, an agricultural waste, was used as petroleum sorbent material. The present study examines the sorption capacity of thermally treated rice husk for different petroleum products. Results showed that the petroleum sorption capacity of this material prepared at 700 ºC was 15 g/g for heavy crude petroleum. The material obtained by thermal treatment of rice husk has very good buoyancy characteristics, high petroleum sorption capacity and high hydrophobicity. The effects of heating temperature, contact time and petroleum density on the petroleum sorption capacity of thermally treated rice husks were further studied on the basis of phase composition, microstructure and morphology using X-ray diffraction analysis, FTIR spectrometry, optical digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the SEM and optical microscopy studies strongly indicate that thermal treatment is a suitable method to improve structure of husk particles regarding porosity compared to virgin samples. The research provides the basis for development of a new environmental material with optimal characteristics, providing efficient sorption of petroleum and petroleum products from aqueous medium.

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
Nurul Hanim Razak ◽  
Md. Razali Ayob ◽  
M.A.M. Zainin ◽  
M.Z. Hilwa

Eggshells and rice husk, two types of notable agricultural waste were used as bioadsorbent to remove Methylene Blue dye (MBD) in aqueous solution. This study was to investigate the performance of these two bioadsorbents in removing MBD. The removal percentage, adsorption capacity, and porosity characterization were examined. The method applied was a physical filtration. UV-VIS Spectrophotometer was used to determine the efficiency of the bioadsorbents in MBD adsorption. The highest removal percentage at the most concentrated MBD were 51% and 98% for eggshells and rice husks respectively. Meanwhile the characterization of rice husks pore size and volume proves that higher adsorptivity towards dye compares to eggshells porosity. It was concluded that the eggshells and rice husks bioadsorbents was successful to treat industrial textile wastewater with rice husks as the most efficient bioadsorbent in removing MBD.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1113 ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrah Zuhaira Ismail ◽  
Mohamad Nidzam Rahmat ◽  
Norishahaini M. Ishak

Noise has detrimental effects on human lives and it is a nuisance to the environment. As many of the available sound reduction materials in the current market are hazardous, there are demands for alternative sustainable materials to reduce the noise problem. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the potential of using an agricultural waste as sound absorption panel. For the purpose of this study, the combination of two materials was under studied; rice husks and sugarcane baggase. There were two main objective of the research; first is to develop absorption panels from the combination of rice husks and sugarcane baggase at different percentage of mixture. Second objective is to identify the absorption rate of the panels. The study encompasses the fabrication of the sustainable sound panels using the rice husk and sugarcane fibre and bond using Phenol formaldehyde (PF). Five panels of sized 12 inch x 12 inch and 12 mm thick were fabricated. The absorption coefficient of the samples was done at the acoustic lab, Faculty of Engineering & Build Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi. The panels were tested using an impedance tube. The procedure of the test was carried out in accordance with ISO 10534-2:1998 standards. Based on the results, sample 1 gave the highest absorption coefficient compared to sample 2, 3, 4 and 5. It can be concluded that the acoustic panel made from a mixture of 100% rice husks had higher absorption co-efficient compared to the performance of the other samples given the fact that the characteristic of the rice husks which has air gap in every single piece of rice husk. The spongy properties of the sample 1 panel has created many void spaces which encouraged more sound absorption capability due to the porous surface of the panel. Sound absorption is very much affected by the availability of porosity level of the panel. Thus, further studies on other potential materials from waste should be conducted.Keywords. Noise, Agriculture waste, sound, absorption panels, absorption co-efficient


Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 3894
Author(s):  
Sobral Hilário ◽  
Batista dos Anjos ◽  
Borges de Moraes Juviniano ◽  
da Silva

Biosorbents have been highlighted as an alternative method for the removal of contaminants from spills or leaks of oil and its derivatives, since they are biodegradable, are highly available, low-cost, and have a good sorption capacity. This research investigated the sorption capacity of Calotropis procera fiber in natura (CP) and thermally treated (150 °C and 200 °C) for crude oil removal and recovery. The oil sorption tests were carried out in a dry and water (layer) static systems. The assays revealed that CP fiber has excellent hydrophobic-oil properties and good crude oil sorption capacity, about 75 times its own weight (76.32 g/g). The results of the treated fibers, CPT150 and CPT200, showed oil sorption capacities (in 24 h) higher than CP, between 94.31–103.37 g/g and 124.60–180.95 g/g, respectively. The results from sample CPT200 showed that it can be an excellent biosorbent for the removal of crude oil and other derivatives due to its high hydrophobicity, great reuse/resorption capacity, and ability to retain oil within the fiber lumens. Thus, it can be applied in the recovery, cleaning, and removal of petroleum products and its derivatives from spills and leaks in the future.


2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftahurrahmah ◽  
Suhendrayatna ◽  
Muhammad Zaki

This research was conducted to prepare adsorbents from agricultural and weeds waste biomass to remove Hg2+ metal ions from water phase. Water hyacinth biomass (agricultural waste) and rice husk (weed) was cleaned, dried in an oven dryer, and carbonized in a furnace at 500oC for 2 hours. Then, dried carbon was milled to get 100 mesh of size and was followed by activation using 0.5 N NaOH. The adsorption process was conducted by mix 1 gram of activated adsorbent on a 100 ml water containing 3 ppm Hg2+ metal ions at 100 rpm, pH 5, and 30oC. Hg2+ concentration in water phase were analyzed using AAS, Shimadzu AA-6300 for a specified time within a period of 20-100 minutes. This study shows that at the beginning process of adsorption, adsorbent from rice husk has ability to decrease 69.91% concentration of Hg2+ for 20 minutes, while adsorbent from water hyacinth reaches to 94.26%. The characterization results of FTIR spectra and SEM shows that adsorbent from water hyacinth was able to absorb more Hg2+ metal ions in a short time because it has a functional group that was able to bind heavy metals, and also has a random surface structure, compared with the adsorbent from rice husks that has less functional groups with uniform morphology structure


2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Kudaybergenov ◽  
E.K. Ongarbayev ◽  
Z.A. Mansurov

<p>Mechanical recovery of oil by oil sorbents is one of the most important countermeasures in marine oil-spill response. The preparation of oil-sorbents from agricultural waste increases economic return and reduces pollution. The sorption capacities of the carbonized rice husks and the apricot stone compared in relation to different petroleum products. Sorption capacity showed strong dependence on the particle size of sorbent and oil film thickness. The phase composition, microstructure and morphology of the composite material C/SiO<sub>2</sub>, prepared by carbonize of rice husks were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis, FTIR spectrometry and scanning election microscope<em> </em>(SEM).</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 05020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Arifin ◽  
Sri Aprilia ◽  
Pocut Nurul Alam ◽  
Farid Mulana ◽  
Amri Amin ◽  
...  

The current development of the packaging industry is increasing as well as the dependence of non-renewable oil-based materials encouraging researchers to look for alternative polymeric strengthening materials from biomass. Especially used from agricultural waste because it is cheap and widely available in nature and it can be renewed. In this study, agriculture waste used were rice husk and rice husks ash that prepared as organic nanofillers for the development of polymer nanocomposites. XRF analysis showed that rice husk ash has the highest silica (SiO2) content of 89. 835%, while rice husk has SiO2 contents of 82.540%. From XRD analysis on 2 theta there is a crystalline silica region at 22° and this analysis shows the sample is amorphous. FTIR analysis showed Si-H at peak 2339 cm−1 in rice husk and 2129 cm−1 for rice husk ash.


2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1502-1507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabelle Marie Trindade Bezerra ◽  
Suélen Silva Figueiredo ◽  
João Batista Queiroz de Carvalho ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Jozilene de Souza ◽  
...  

The use of agricultural waste has become a necessity due to the high environmental cost derived from its improper disposal in nature. In this scenario, rice husks, as well as the ash produced by burning, became worrying in certain regions of the country due to the large volume produced annually [.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Dremicheva

The possibility of using agricultural waste – beet chips – in an alternative direction: wastewater treatment from petroleum products and heavy metals. The results of studies on the assessment of oil capacity, sorption capacity for iron(III) ions, as well as the thermal effect when disposing of beet chips thermally are given. The object of the study was beet chips – a by-product of sugar beet processing by Buinsky Sugar Plant LLC. The experiments were carried out in accordance with GOST. Oil capacity was determined by the gravimetric method. The concentration of iron(III) ions was measured by the photocolorimetric method. It is shown that the use of beet chips for wastewater treatment of industrial enterprises due to seasonality restrictions will be possible in the composition of sorption blends.


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Vo Chau Ngan Nguyen ◽  
Thi Thuy Nguyen ◽  
Le Phuong Nguyen

Agricultural activities produce a large quantity of waste each year in the Mekong Delta. For example, appropriately 26.86 million tons of rice straw, 5.37 million tons of rice husks, 1.33 million tons of bagasse and 0.59 million tons of corn straw were produced in 2016. Despite such a huge quantity of agricultural waste, the waste has been rarely used effectively. Around 54.1 - 98.0% of rice straw is normally burnt on the field; only 20 - 50% of rice husk is used for pellet or energy purposes; a few sugar-cane factories apply bagasse feeding to steam cookers, and a small quantity of corn straw is used as livestock feeding. If this biomass source is used for electricity generation, in theory, for the period of 2006 - 2020, it is estimated that this source can potentially generate 1203 million MWh/year from rice straw, 236 million MWh/year from rice husk, 45 million MWh/year from bagasse, and 40 million MWh/year from corn straw. Electricity generation of biomass source will not only solve the problem of environmental pollution caused by agricultural waste but also meet increasing energy demands for socio-economic development in this region. Hàng năm lượng chất thải phát sinh từ một số loại hình canh tác nông nghiệp chính ở ĐBSCL rất lớn. Chỉ tính riêng năm 2016 ghi nhận thải ra khoảng 26,86 triệu tấn rơm rạ; 5,37 triệu tấn vỏ trấu; 1,33 triệu tấn bã mía và 0,59 triệu tấn thân cây bắp. Lượng chất thải phát sinh lớn nhưng các biện pháp sử dụng những nguồn sinh khối này chưa đa dạng, rơm rạ phần lớn được người dân đốt trực tiếp ngay trên đồng ruộng chiếm 54,1 - 98,0% lượng rơm rạ thải ra; chỉ có khoảng 20 - 50% lượng vỏ trấu được sử dụng; bã mía chỉ được một số nhà máy sử dụng để đốt cho lò hơi; một lượng nhỏ thân cây bắp được người dân sử dụng cho chăn nuôi. Nếu có thể tận dụng các nguồn sinh khối này để sản xuất điện thì tiềm năng lý thuyết ước tính từ năm 2005 đến 2020 của rơm rạ là 1203 triệu MWh/năm; vỏ trấu là 236 triệu MWh/năm; bã mía là 45 triệu MWh/năm; và thân cây bắp là 40 triệu MWh/năm. Sản xuất điện từ các nguồn sinh khối này không chỉ giải quyết lượng phế phẩm nông nghiệp phát sinh, giảm thiểu ô nhiễm môi trường mà còn có thể tạo ra nguồn điện cung cấp cho nhu cầu phát triển của vùng.


Author(s):  
А.В. Вураско ◽  
Е.И. Симонова ◽  
А.Р. Минакова

Целлюлоза из плодовых оболочек злаковых культур обладает высокой сорбционной емкостью. Однако относительно короткие волокна затрудняют получение прочного бумажного материала. В то же время целлюлоза из соломы, наоборот, обладает относительно большой длиной волокна и приемлемыми сорбционными свойствами. Для разработки эффективных целлюлозосодержащих сорбентов интерес представляет композиционный материал из целлюлозы шелухи и целлюлозы соломы. Цель исследования – получение сорбционного материала на основе технической целлюлозы из соломы и шелухи риса. Техническая целлюлоза из соломы и шелухи риса получена окислительно-органосольвентным способом с предварительной щелочной обработкой растительного сырья (зольность ее 0,05 % от абсолютно сухой целлюлозы). При этом целлюлозу из соломы риса применяли в качестве целлюлозы-основы, а целлюлозу из шелухи риса – как целлюлозу- адсорбент. При постоянном содержании целлюлозы-основы в композиции независимо от степени ее помола капиллярная впитываемость изменяется в пределах погрешности измерений. При постоянном содержании целлюлозы- основы в композиции и добавлении к ней целлюлозы-адсорбента с возрастающей степенью помола капиллярная впитываемость снижается незначительно (на 1…2,5 мм). Сорбционная способность по йоду зависит от степени помола как целлюлозы-адсорбента, так и целлюлозы-основы. С увеличением степени помола сорбционная способность по йоду возрастает. Адсорбционная способность по метиленовому голубому при постоянном содержании 50% целлюлозы-основы в композиции и добавлении к ней целлюлозы-адсорбента с увеличивающейся степенью помола (35, 39, 43,5, 47,5 оШР) возрастает. Установлено, что количественная оценка эффективности композиции подтвердила наличие эффекта синергизма, который характерен для адсорбционной способности по метиленовому голубому и возрастает с увеличением степени помола целлюлозы- адсорбента с 1,07 до 1,12 с учетом погрешности эксперимента. Cellulose from the fruit shells of cereals has a high sorption capacity. However, relatively short fibers make it difficult to obtain durable paper material. At the same time, straw cellulose, on the contrary, has a relatively long fiber length and acceptable sorption properties. For the development of effective cellulose sorbents of interest is a composite material of cellulose husks and cellulose straw. The aim of the work is to obtain sorption materials on the basis of technical cellulose from straw and rice husks obtained by oxidation-organosolvent method with pre-alkaline treatment of vegetable raw materials. In the course of work, technical cellulose from straw and rice husks with ash content of 0.05% of completely dry cellulose was obtained. Upon receipt of the sorption material, cellulose from rice straw is used as a base cellulose, and cellulose from rice husk as cellulose is an adsorbent. With a constant content of cellulose base in the composition, regardless of its degree of grinding, capillary absorbency varies within the measurement error. With a constant content of cellulose-base in the composition and the addition of cellulose-adsorbent with an increasing degree of grinding capillary absorbency decreases slightly (1...2,5 mm). The sorption capacity of iodine depends on the degree of grinding, as cellulose-adsorbent, and the degree of grinding of cellulose-base. With increasing degree of grinding sorption capacity of iodine increases. Adsorption capacity of methylene blue at a constant content of cellulose-base 50 % in the composition and the addition of cellulose- adsorbent with an increasing degree of grinding (35, 39, 43.5, 47.5 0SHR) increases. It was found that the quantitative evaluation of the composition efficiency confirmed the presence of synergism effect, which is typical for the adsorption capacity of methylene blue and increases with increasing the degree of cellulose-adsorbent grinding from 1.07 to 1.12, taking into account the experimental error.


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