Crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial da cultura da moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) submetida à fertilização orgânica

A moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) é uma árvore nativa da Índia e de elevada importância principalmente pelo seu valor nutricional, medicinal e de purificação da água. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de níveis de fertilização orgânica no crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de moringa nas condições semiáridas do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de túnel plástico, localizado no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Pombal, UFCG. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos compostos de sete níveis de fertilização orgânica (0,0; 108,0; 216,0; 432,0; 864,0; 1728,0 e 3456,0 g.vaso-1), com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: i) altura das plantas (cm), ii) diâmetro do caule (mm), iii) número de folhas, iv) fitomassa fresca das folhas, v) fiomassa seca da parte aérea (g), vi) fitomassa seca da raiz (g), vii) razão fitomassa seca da parte aérea/raiz (g) e, viii) comprimento da raiz principal (cm). A utilização dos níveis de fertilização orgânica influenciou significativamente o crescimento e desenvolvimento inicial das mudas de moringa. Com a elevação dos níveis de esterco adicionados ao substrato, observou-se o decréscimo das variáveis analisadas, tendo como melhor resultado o nível de 864,0 g.vaso-1 para a altura da planta e o nível de 432,0 g.vaso-1 para os demais parâmetros avaliados. O nível de 432,0 g.vaso-1 provocou os maiores acréscimos na massa seca da parte aérea e comprimento das raízes. Os níveis de esterco bovino de 108,0 g.vaso-1 e 432,0 g.vaso-1, promoveram um maior incremento para a razão entre a parte aérea/raiz e comprimento da raiz, respectivamente. Para produção de mudas de moringa de boa qualidade a aplicação de pequenas quantidades de esterco bovino é suficiente.Organic fertilization levels on the vegetative growth of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.)Abstract: Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) is a tree native of India and high importance especially for its nutritional value, medicinal and water purification. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of organic fertilization levels on growth and initial development of moringa seedlings in semi-arid conditions of the State of Paraiba, Brazil. The experiment was conducted in plastic tunnel conditions, located in the Centro de Ciências e tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Pombal, UFCG. We used a completely randomized design with the treatments composed of seven levels of organic fertilization (0,0; 108,0; 216,0; 432,0; 864,0; 1728,0 e 3456,0 g.vaso-1), with four repetitions. The following parameters were evaluated: i) plant height (cm), ii) stem diameter (mm), iii) number of leaves, iv) fresh weight of leaves, v) dry weight of shoots (g), vi) dry weight of the root (g), vii) dry weight ratio of shoot / root (g) and viii) main root length (cm). The use of organic fertilization levels significantly influenced the growth and early development of moringa seedlings. With the rise of manure levels added to the substrate, there was the decrease of the variables analyzed, with a best result the level of 864.0 g.vaso-1 for plant height and the level of 432.0 g.vaso-1 for the other parameters. The level of 432.0 g.vaso-1 caused the greatest increases in dry weight of shoot and root length. The levels of bovine manure 108.0 g.vaso-1 and 432.0 g.vaso-1, promoted a greater increase for the ratio of root / shoot and root length, respectively. To produce good quality moringa seedlings the application of small amounts of bovine manure is sufficient.

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Variation of Water Availability in Initial Development of Safflower

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n3p558 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 558

Author(s):

Nayara F. F. da S. Cruz ◽

Luiz A. Zanão Júnior ◽

Reginaldo F. Santos ◽

Luciene K. Tokura ◽

Laís F. J. do Nascimento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Water Availability ◽

Root Length ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Initial Development ◽

Number Of Leaves

The availability of water is one of the most important factors for the development of the seeds. Thus, studies related to adequate humidity for germination, emergence and early development of safflowers, is necessary for the productive use of this culture. Thus, the objective of study was to evaluate the initial development of two varieties of seeds of Safflowers (IAPAR and IMA2103) in six levels of water availability in substrate: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. At 15 days the seedling emergence were evaluate. At 30 days were evaluate plant height, root length, stem diameter, number of leaves, fresh weight of the aerial part and root, dry weight of shoot and root. The treatment without irrigation, there was decrease the emergence, emergence speed for both genotypes. Treatments above 30% of water availability in the two varieties presented emergency superior to 50%. Lower irrigation rates favored root length and dry mass.

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GROWTH RESPONSE OF BEHA GRASS (Brachiaria humidicola) FERTILIZED WITH GOAT MANURE

Indonesian Journal Of Animal Agricultural Science (IJAAS) ◽

10.33772/ijaas.v2i3.14080 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Budiman Budiman ◽

Natsir Sandiah ◽

La Malesi

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

New Production ◽

Brachiaria Humidicola ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Length Data ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Goat Manure ◽

Difference Test

This study aimed to determine the best dosage of goat manure as a natural fertilizer on Beha grass(Brachiaria humidicola). This study used 64 poles of Beha grass grown in polybags divided into 16plots, and it used a completely randomized design (CRD) to analyze the data. This study consist of 4treatments that is P0 (0 ton/ha of goat manure), P1 (10 ton/ha of goat manure), P2 (15 ton/ha of goatmanure), and P3 (20 ton/ha of goat manure). This study's variables were plant height, number of leaves,numbers of tillers, new production, and root length. Data analysis used ANOVA variance continued withreal honest difference test. The result of this study showed that averages of plant height (cm) wereP0=26, P1=50.5, P2=51.5, and P3=52.75. Averages of the number of leaves were P0=22, P1=110,P2=160, and P3=185. Averages of numbers of tillers were P0=7, P1=25, P2=37, and P3=38. Averages ofnew production (g) were P0=17.75, P1=123.5, P2=178, and P3=192.25. Averages of root length (cm)were P0=37.8, P1=39.5, P2=41.775, and P3=49.5. Fertilization with natural fertilizer from goat manurehas a genuine effect (P<0.01) on the growth of Beha grass. The best dosage of fertilization with goatmanure was 15 ton/ha.

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Perbanyakan dan Aplikasi PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobactheria) di Laboratorium Pengamatan Hama dan Penyakit Banyumas

Proceedings Series on Physical & Formal Sciences ◽

10.30595/pspfs.v2i.190 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 234-239

Author(s):

Nada Kholifah ◽

Ardiana Kartika B ◽

Teguh Pribadi

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Test Plant ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Test Plants

PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) is a substance that helps plant growth with the help of rhizosphere microorganisms. PGPR propagation can be done with liquid media. This PGPR propagation needs to be done because this substance has many benefits for agricultural cultivation. The application of PGPR to the test plant, namely the pakcoy plant, proved that there was an effect of giving PGPR to the plant. Observations on the test plants were carried out by observing several observation variables such as plant height, root length, number of leaves, wet weight and dry weight. The results of these observations showed that the effect on the test plants was seen in the variables of root length, wet weight, and dry weight. Meanwhile, the variable plant height and number of leaves did not show a visible difference.

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Karakter Perakaran Sejumlah Varietas Kopi Arabika pada Fase Bibit di Pesemaian

Agrotechnology Research Journal ◽

10.20961/agrotechresj.v5i1.44868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 18-25

Author(s):

Ari Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Root Length ◽

Lateral Roots ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Material Transport ◽

Root Characteristics ◽

Arabica Coffee ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Adaptation Processes

Roots represent the fundamental structure and material transport systems in plants. These important organs are used to study the adaptation processes in the environment. During the nursery stage, root evaluation serves as determining the seedling quality before transplant. This research aims to ascertain the root characteristics of several Arabica coffee varieties for a suitably vigorous root nursery system. Kaliwining Experimental Garden, Jember, Indonesia, served as the research location. The method used was a completely randomized design with a single factor, including arabica coffee varieties (Abesinia-3, Andungsari-1, BLP-4, Gayo-1, K-08, K-29, K-34, K-79, K-130, Kartika-1, Kayumas and Sigararutang). The result showed that the differences in the various sample factors significantly influenced the root properties. In addition, the entire observation parameters demonstrated a positive correlation except for the root and shoot ratio. Furthermore, BLP-4 v obtained the maximum values for plant height, stem diameter, fresh dry weight of taproot, and root biomass, while Gayo-1 variety observed the greatest number of leaves. Also, the Sigararutang variety indicated the highest value of the fresh and dry weight of shoot, fresh weight of lateral roots, and root length, while Kayumas and K-34 varieties acquired the lowest values of plant height, fresh and dry weight of shoot and root, as well as root length. Therefore, BLP-4, Gayo-1, and Sigararutang varieties exhibited the potentials of broader adaptability.

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PRODUCTIVITY Pueraria phaseoloides var. Javanica FERTILIZED WITH MANURE FROM CATTLE OFFERED CONCENTRATE CONTAINNING DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITH AMMONIUM SULFAT

Pastura ◽

10.24843/pastura.2018.v08.i01.p09 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Tjok. Istri Putri ◽

Ni Putu Mariani

Keyword(s):

Ammonium Sulfate ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Optimal Dosage ◽

Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽

Leaf Color ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

The Difference ◽

Number Of Branches

This study aims to determine the optimal dosage of manure derived from cattle fed concentrated rations supplemented ammonium sulfate which can increase the productivity of Pueraria phaseoloidesvar .Javanica. The design used in this experiment was Completely Randomized Design (RAL) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The four treatments were fertilized with doses of 10, 15, 20 and 25 tons / ha, respectively for the treatment of A, B, C and D, so overall there were 20 pot experiments. The study was conducted for 12 weeks. Observed variables were plant length, number of leaves, number of branches, dry weight (DW) of leaves, DW of stem DW, total BK, leaf color, leaf stem ratio (LSR) and leaf weight ratio”(LWR). The results showed that legumes treated A B, C and D produced high crop, leaf area, leaf color, LSR and LWR were not significantly different (P> 0.05). The treated legume C. resulted in a significantly higher leaf number than the treated legume A, B and D (P <0.05). The number of branches and DW leaves on legumes treated with C were significantly higher (P <0.05) than those receiving treatment A. and were not significantly different with legumes treated with B and D (P> 0.05). The DW of stem and total DW production from legume treated C were significantly higher with those treated with A and B (P <0.05) and the difference was not significant with those treated with D (P> 0.05). From the results of the study it can be concluded that legume treated with C or fertilized with manure derived from cattle fed concentrate containning diet supplemented ammonium sulfate at a dose of 20 tons / ha yield of leguminous productivity Peuraria phaseoloides var. javanica maximum. Keywords: manure, pueraria phaseoloides, productivity.

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Toleransi Plasma Nutfah Padi Lokal terhadap Salinitas

Buletin Plasma Nutfah ◽

10.21082/blpn.v23n1.2017.p51-58 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tintin Suhartini ◽

Try Zulchi

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Gene Bank ◽

Dead Leaf ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design

AbstractThe research was aimed to screen the local rice germplasms for salinity tolerance. The 104 local rice germplasms were derived of collection of Gene Bank of Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD) were tested to salinity. The activities was carried out in greenhouse of ICABIOGRAD. The 15 day old seedlings were planted in pots soil contained NaCl 0.4%. One accession of rice was planted in 2 pots, each pot contained 4 seedlings. Observation of plant symptom was conducted after 1 month planted. The experiment was carried out in a Completely Randomized Design with 2 replications. The results of the analysis showed there were different responsses among rice accesions to the treatment. Salinity caused dry and dead leaves, there were very significant differences between the varieties for plant height, dry weight plant, number of total leaves, and number of green leaves. There were a high and negative correlation of plant height and total number of leaves with percentage of dead leaves. The result showed 21 accesions were tolerant to moderately&#8722;tolerant, while Pokkali as a tolerant check, most tolerant. There were two accessions were tolerant with dead leaf percentage <50%, i.e. Tjempo Brondol (reg. 5800) and Gembira Putih (reg. 20602), whereas Pokkali as resistant check had low dead leaf percentage (16.9%) and 19 accessions were moderately-tolerant with dead leaf percentage <70%, and 82 accesions were sensitive to highly-sensitive.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyaring plasma nutfah padi yang memiliki sifat toleran terhadap salinitas. Sejumlah 104 plasma nutfah padi lokal yang berasal dari koleksi Bank Gen BB Biogen diuji terhadap salinitas. Kegiatan dilakukan di rumah kaca BB Biogen. Bibit padi berumur &plusmn;15 hari ditanam pada pot berisi tanah yang sudah dilumpurkan dengan larutan garam NaCl 0,4% (4.000 ppm). Satu aksesi padi ditanam pada 2 pot, masing masing pot berisi 4 tanaman. Setelah berumur 4 minggu dari tanam dilakukan pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman, bobot kering akar, bobot kering tanaman, jumlah daun total, jumlah daun hijau, dan jumlah daun mati. Pengujian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 2 ulangan. Hasil analisis varians menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan respons plasma nutfah padi terhadap perlakuan salin yang diberikan. Perbedaan sangat nyata terdapat pada tinggi tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, jumlah daun total, dan jumlah daun hijau. Terdapat korelasi yang tinggi dan negatif pada tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun total dengan persentase daun mati. Hasil pengujian telah terpilih 21 aksesi plasma nutfah padi toleran hingga agak toleran, sedangkan Pokkali sebagai cek sangat toleran. Dua aksesi yang toleran dengan persentase daun mati <50%, yaitu Tjempo Brondol (reg. 5800) dan Gembira Putih (reg. 20602), Pokkali sebagai varietas kontrol dengan tingkat persentase daun mati 16,9%, sedangkan 19 aksesi termasuk kelompok agak toleran dengan persentase daun mati <70%, dan 82 aksesi termasuk kelompok peka hingga sangat peka.

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USO RACIONAL DE NUTRIENTES NO CULTIVO HIDROPÔNICO DE AMOR-PERFEITO

Irriga ◽

10.15809/irriga.2006v11n3p367-375 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 367-375

Author(s):

Milena Andrea Curitiba Pilla ◽

Lenita Lima Haber ◽

Hélio Grassi Filho

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Hydroponic Cultivation ◽

Viola X Wittrockiana ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

System Length

USO RACIONAL DE NUTRIENTES NO CULTIVO HIDROPÔNICO DE AMOR-PERFEITO Milena Andrea Curitiba Pilla1; Lenita Lima Haber1; Hélio Grassi Filho2.1Departamento de Produção Vegetal – Horticultura, Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, [email protected]; 2Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciência do Solo, Faculdade de Ciencias Agronomicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP 1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar diferentes concentrações de solução nutritiva no cultivo hidropônico de Viola x wittrockiana Gams. O experimento foi conduzido em sistema hidropônico DFT, no delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5x4, com cinco concentrações de solução nutritiva (50, 75, 100, 125 e 150%) e quatro épocas de avaliação, contando cada tratamento, de três repetições de três plantas. Foram analisadas a altura de plantas, o comprimento da raiz, o número de folhas, as flores e botões florais e a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea e da raiz. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, teste de Tukey para épocas de avaliação e análise de regressão para concentrações da solução nutritiva. Foi observado um decréscimo no desenvolvimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular com o aumento do número de dias de cultivo e, o maior número de botões florais ocorreu na terceira semana de cultivo. Observou-se, de maneira geral, uma redução na altura de plantas, no comprimento do sistema radicular, no número de folhas e na massa fresca e seca da parte aérea com o aumento da concentração de nutrientes na solução nutritiva. UNITERMOS: Viola x wittrockiana Gams, solução nutritiva, concentração salina. PILLA, M. A .C.; HABER , L. L.; GRASSI FILHO, H. RATIONAL NUTRIENT USE IN HYDROPONIC CULTIVATION OF “Viola x wittrockiana Gams” 2 ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate different concentrations of nutritional solution in the hydroponic cultivation of Viola x wittrockiana Gams. The experiment was conducted in DFT hydroponic system, in a completely randomized design with a 5x4 factorial scheme and five nutrient solution concentrations (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150%), four evaluation periods with three replications of three plants for each treatment. Plant height, root length, number of leaves, flowers and floral buttons; fresh and dry weight of shoot and root were determined. The results were submitted to variance analysis, Tukey’s test for evaluation periods and regression analysis for nutrient solution. A decrease in the development of the shoot and root was observed with an increase of the number of cultivation days; the greatest number of floral buttons occurred in the third week of cultivation. A reduction in the plant height, root system length, the number of leaves and the fresh and dry weight of shoot was observed generally with the increase of nutrient solution concentration. KEYWORDS: Viola x wittrockiana Gams, nutrient solution, saline concentration.

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Growth and Development of Basil Transplants (Ocimum basilicum L.)under Biostimulants Application

Агрознање ◽

10.7251/agrsr1404415z ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 415 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Svjetlana Zeljković ◽

Nada Parađiković ◽

Uroš Šušak ◽

Monika Tkalec

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Open Field ◽

Root Development ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Plant Adaptation ◽

Number Of Leaves

In this study, the influence of biostimulants Radifarm® on basil transplants (Ocimum basilicum L.) growth and development was examined.Seedlings transplanted into the PVC containers φ9 cm,the plants were treated with the biostimulant concentration of 0.30% or untreated(control). During the experiment recorded the morphological indicators of growth and development of seedlings(plant height, number of leaves), and finally made measuring root length and fresh and dry weight of roots and above-groundparts.The aim of this study was to determine whether, to what extent and in what manner applied biostimulator impact on improved growth and root development of seedlings of basil, and thus improve the adaptation of the young seedlings in abiotical stress of transplanting into the open field. All the traits were affected by treatment with biostimulants a certain duration of the experiment.Research indicates that the use of biostimulants in the production of basil enhances the growth and development of roots and above-ground parts which is a prerequisite for faster plant adaptation on stress during transplanting.

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Relationships Between Nutrient Of Land And Cow’s Blood Added With Bioactivators On Performance of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Akta Agrosia ◽

10.31186/aa.23.2.67-71 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 67-71

Author(s):

Fiana Podesta ◽

Ririn Harini ◽

Dwi Fitriani ◽

Suryadi Suryadi

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soybean Production ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

National Production ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Effective Microorganism

Soybean production in Bengkulu Province is still lower than national production. Soybean production can still be improved by adding nutrients, one source of untapped nutrients is cow's blood which is still a waste. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of cow’s blood added with bioactivators on growth performance of soybean. This research was conducted by using a complete randomized design (CRD) arranged factorially consisted of two factors with three replications. The first factor was the various kinds of cow’s blood added with bioactivators consisting of Yeast, Stale Rice, Microorganism-Bio(M-Bio), Effective Microorganism-4 (EM-4), and Rumen. The second factor was the concentration of cow’s blood added with bioactivators consisting of 15%, 30%, and 45%. Results showed: 1) There was no treatments interaction between various kinds of cow’s blood added with bioactivators and its concentration in the growth, 2) the various kinds of cow’s blood added with bioactivators had significant effect in the growth of plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, wet and dry weight, but it had no significant effect on plant height and leaf area, and 3) The concentration of cow’s blood added with bioactivators has no significant effect in the growth. This study indicated that cow’s blood added with Rumen as bioactivator showed better growth performance of soybean. Keywords: bioactivators, cow’s blood, nutrient of land, performance of soybean

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The Effectiveness Of Pre-Planting Seeds Bio-Matriconditioning And Application Of Fertilization With Leisa Technique On Growth Of Areca Nut Seedling (Areca Catechu L.)

International Journal of Science, Technology & Management ◽

10.46729/ijstm.v2i6.401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

pp. 2053-2060

Author(s):

Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati ◽

Muhidin ◽

Nini Mila Rahni ◽

Gusti Ngurah Adi Wibawa ◽

La Mudi

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Raw Material ◽

Inorganic Fertilizer ◽

Areca Nut ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Main Plot ◽

Wet Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves

Areca nut is widely used as industrial raw material, both for health and cosmetics and as a source of renewable energy. This study aimed to examine the combination of seed bombatriconditioning and LEISA fertilization treatments that were effective in increasing the growth of areca nut seedlings. The research was carried out in the Wua-Wua Kendari Village, from March to July 2021. The study used a split-plot design with a completely randomized design (CRD). The main plot is seed biomatriconditioning treatment which consists of 3 treatments. While the subplots were fertilized with the LEISA technique which consisted of 6 treatments so that 18 treatment combinations were obtained with 3 replications. Observations were made on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of roots, wet weight and dry weight of shoot. Observational data were analyzed using analysis of variance, followed by the DMRT α0.05 if there was a significant effect. The results showed that seed biomatriconditioning treatment with rhizobacteria integrated with the LEISA technique was able to increase the growth of areca nut seedlings. The integration between L1R biomatriconditioning and the application of organic plus fertilizer + 100% inorganic fertilizer showed a better growth performance of areca nut on plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, number of roots, wet weight and dry weight of betel nut which were significantly different with control and application 100% inorganic fertilizer, but not significantly different from organic plus fertilizer, organic plus fertilizer + 50% inorganic fertilizer and organic plus fertilizer + 25% inorganic fertilizer. As a conclusion, pre-planting seed treatment with L1R biomatriconditioning is very important to increase areca nut seed germination. To increase the growth of areca nut seedlings, further fertilization needs to be done with organic plus fertilizer or a combination of organic plus fertilizer + 25% inorganic fertilizer.

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