scholarly journals Knowledge of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Urban Slum and Rural Population of West Tripura District - A Comparative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 715-721
Author(s):  
Taranga Reang ◽  
Amar Tripura
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Slum Population

BACKGROUND Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top 10 causes of death due to infectious diseases. TB continues to rank among world’s most serious health problems despite effective diagnostic & treatment measures. The objectives of the study were to asses and compare the knowledge of tuberculosis among rural and urban slum population and identify the factors associated with their knowledge of tuberculosis. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted and multistage random sampling technique was applied for selection of the individual study subjects. Data was collected using a semi-structured and pre-tested interview schedule. RESULTS 200 individuals were included in the study with an overall mean age (SD) of the individuals of 36.66 (± 13.091) years. 189 (94.5) participants had heard of tuberculosis. 36 (37.9 %) urban slum and 20 (21.3 %) rural participants said that cough is the most common symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis. 42 (52.5 % among rural population was having good knowledge (rural vs. urban; 52.5 % vs. 47.5 %) compared to urban slum population. Literacy (P = 0.049) and family type (P = 0.044) have played a significant role in acquiring good knowledge of tuberculosis among the participants irrespective of their place of residence. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in the knowledge of TB among rural and urban slum population. Literate persons were more aware compared to illiterate population irrespective of their place of living. In spite of having good awareness regarding TB, in general the knowledge level on risk factors was not satisfactory and needs further improvement. Therefore, a special drive has to be started for imparting knowledge to the community regarding risk factors as this could prevent further occurrence or progress of TB. KEYWORDS Tuberculosis, Knowledge of TB, Urban Rural Difference

scholarly journals A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY ON KNOWLEDGE OF TUBERCULOISIS AMONG RURAL AND URBAN POPULATION OF UDAIPUR DISTRICT, RAJASTHAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ganesh Salvi ◽  
Rakhi Luthra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Tuberculosis Risk

AIM: To assess the knowledge regarding Tuberculosis cause, spread, types and duration of treatment among rural and urban population of Udaipur, Rajasthan. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted during January to March 2020 in OPD’s of PHC and UHC of Udaipur city. Total of 216 participants were included. Results: Our study showed that 30.09% were believed that Tb spread form Air, 42.22% were aware about Pulmonary tuberculosis and 53.24% were know that treatment of Tb lasts for 6 months. Conclusion: There is a need to aware people more about Tuberculosis risk factors, symptoms and treatment.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Rural Population of the Northern Part of the Persian Gulf

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Marzban ◽  
Mohammadreza Kalantarhormozi ◽  
Mehdi Mahmudpour ◽  
Afshin Ostovar ◽  
Saeed Keshmiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency has been increased globally since the last two decades. However, the majority of these studies concerned on cities and there is scant information regarding the prevalence of vitamin D in rural areas. The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population in Bushehr province which has the longest border with the Persian Gulf.Methods: The rural inhabitants with ≥25 years old from three mountainous, plain, and seashore areas of Bushehr province were selected through a stratified multi-cluster random sampling method. After obtaining the participants’ demographic and anthropometric data and their past medical history, serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D was measured using ELISA.Results: A total of 1806 (means±SD, 46.30± 14.22 years old) rural subjects (34.84% males and 64.88%) participated in this study. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency were 27.87%, 50.39% and 21.74%, respectively. The deficiency of vitamin D in women was higher than men (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.54, P=0.040). There was a positive significant correlation between age and serum vitamin D levels. Men with vitamin D deficiency had higher BMI (P=0.008); this association was not observed among women (P=0.74). There was no significant difference between the food items consumption frequencies, and vitamin D status (P>0.05). The mountainous, and plain areas had the highest and lowest vitamin D levels, respectively.Conclusion: Although, Bushehr province is located in a sunny part of Iran, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high among its rural population. The shift of their life styles patterns and rapid industrialization in these rural areas may be responsible. Therefore, the enrichment of dietary sources with vitamin D and the use of vitamin D supplements are recommended to tackle the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf.

scholarly journals Clinical associations, biological risk factors and outcomes of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1454-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafize Nalan Gunes ◽  
Burcu Gokce Cokal ◽  
Selda Keskin Guler ◽  
Tahir Kurtulus Yoldas ◽  
Umit Yavuz Malkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Venous Sinus ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Venous Sinus Thrombosis ◽  
Hospitalization Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Associations

Objective Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare cerebrovascular disease affecting young adults. The majority of the patients are female. The aim of this study is to assess the clinical associations, risk factors and outcomes of the patients with CVST. Methods The data of 75 patients with CVST admitted to our hospital between 2006 and 2016 were reviewed. Demographic and clinical features and the thrombophilic risk factors of the patients were recorded. The localizations of the thrombi were determined and modified Rankin score at the time of onset and discharge were calculated. Results The majority of our patients (78.7%) were female. Median age was 35 years (16–76). The most common symptom was headache (86.7%). In 82.6% of our patients, inherited or acquired risk factors for thrombosis were detected. Transverse sinus was the most common site of thrombosis followed by sigmoid and superior sagittal sinuses. Two thirds of the patients had involvement of multiple sinuses. The patients with the involvement of sagittal sinus had better disability at the time of admittance ( p = 0.013) while the number of involved sinuses was correlated worse disability ( p = 0.015). The neurologic states in the majority of the patients were improved by the end of the hospitalization period ( p = 0.001). There was no significant difference in disability score at discharge between men and women ( p = 0.080). No patient with CVST died in the hospitalization period. Conclusions This study is one of the largest cohort studies on CVST in our region. The results of the study disclosed that CVST had wide range of clinical manifestations and non-specific symptoms at the beginning. For that reason, in especially high risk groups for thrombosis, the diagnosis of CVST should be kept in mind.

scholarly journals VARIETY OF DRUGS SOLD WITHOUT PRESCRIPTION FOR COMMONLY PRESENTING COMPLAINTS IN RURAL AND URBAN PHARMACIES OF FAISALABAD DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hamza Rana ◽  
Muhammad Husnain ◽  
Muhammad Hamza Iqbal ◽  
Noor-i-Kiran Naeem ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Pharmacies play an important role in provision of health care to the community.The objective of the study was to explore the reasons for a variety of drugs sold without prescription for commonly presenting complaints in Rural and Urban Pharmacies of Faisalabad District. METHODOLOGY: This explanatory sequential mixed method design involved workers from twenty-five pharmacies from urban and rural areas of Faisalabad from February to July 2020. After obtaining informed consent, fifty pharmacy workers filled a pre-designed questionnaire (followed by twenty-five semi-structured, individual, face-to-face interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed via SPSS software and transcribed interviews were organized manually for data analysis. RESULTS: Response rate was 76.2%. As reported by the pharmacists,40% and 90% of urban and rural population respectively came to pharmacies for over-the-counter drugs. Fifty percent belonged to middle class among urban and 70% belonged to rural population. Data analysis led to formation of 36 codes, 6 subthemes and 3 themes. Out of the four reasons quoted by the pharmacists (time constraints, lack of basic facility locally, financial constraints, and myths/fear of going to doctor), there was a statistically significant difference for rural population going directly to pharmacies because of financial constraints. CONCLUSION: Lack of education and financial constraints are the leading influential factors for people taking over-the-counter drugs in both rural and urban population, with time constraints being at the top list among urban population. Robust policies and public health care programs can lead to public awareness at large and can help in creating an environment of health care provision with MINIMAL RISKS.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF ACUTE DIARRHEAL DISEASES AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN AN URBAN SLUM OF MUMBAI

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 690-694
Author(s):  
Swapnil Bele ◽  
◽  
S.R. Suryawanshi ◽  
Shailesh Palve ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Diarrhoea is one of the single most common causes of death among children under age five worldwide. Diarrheal disorders in childhood account for a large proportion (18%) of childhood deaths, with an estimated 1.5 million deaths per year globally, making it the second most common cause of child deaths worldwide1.So the study was undertaken in order to study the prevalence and associated risk factors causing diarrhoea in urban slum of Metropolitan city. Methods- A cross sectional study was done from January 2012 to December 2012 in Cheetah Camp area. Toal 478 under five children were selected and the parent/guardian of the child was interviewed using pre-designed, semi-structured and pre-tested questionnaires. Results and Conclusion-The prevalence of diarrhoea in children under 5 years during past 2 weeks was 17.8%. Diarrheal episodes in the past 2 weeks was significantly associated with education of mother, socioeconomic status of family, type of family, source of water supply, housefly nuisance in home, child hand-washing before meals, mother hand-washing before meals and immunization status.

A Study of Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and its Risk Factors in the Urban Slum Population of Gurugram

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Abhinav Jain ◽  
Bhupinder Kaur Anand ◽  
MPS Marwaha ◽  
Salil Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Archana Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Slum Population

scholarly journals The Relationship between External and Internal Risk Factors with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children Aged 0-59 Months in Slums in Indonesia, 2013

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Made Agus Nurjana ◽  
Gunawan Gunawan ◽  
Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini ◽  
Olwin Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (Tb) remains a health problem throughout the world. World Health Organization (WHO) has set it as a “Global Emergency” disease. The difficulty of confirming the diagnosis of it in children, different from it in adults, causes the treatment of it in children often neglected. This problem is exacerbated by the supporting environmental conditions, namely living in slums, which makes the risk of transmission even higher. OBJECTIVE: To identify internal and external factors related to Tb in children aged 0-59 months living in slums in Indonesia. MATERIAL & METHOD: The data source used was the 2013 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) using a sample of children less than five years old who lived in slums in 34 provinces in Indonesia. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis found three risk factors, namely BCG immunization status (age-based), at-risk home environment, and gender (residential area-based). Vaccinated children under one year of age have the best probability of not suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Those who live in a house inhabited by less than five people, or in that occupied by more than four with no one of which smokes or does not suffer from pulmonary tuberculosis has a probability of not being exposed to it. Likewise, women who live in rural areas have almost two times less probability of suffering from it, compared to men in urban areas. CONCLUSION: Factors contributing to the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis in infants in slums are the status of BCG immunization, air cleanliness in the neighborhood, which can be seen from the differences of risks in rural and urban, and the number of inhabitants per house and their behavior.

scholarly journals Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Marzban ◽  
Mohammadreza Kalantarhormozi ◽  
Mehdi Mahmudpour ◽  
Afshin Ostovar ◽  
Saeed Keshmiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency has been increased globally over the last two decades. However, the majority of these studies are concerned with cities and there is scant information regarding the prevalence of vitamin D in rural areas. The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among the rural population in Bushehr province which shares the longest border with the Persian Gulf. Methods The rural inhabitants of more than 25 years old from three mountainous, plain, and seashore areas of Bushehr province were selected through a stratified multi-cluster random sampling method. After obtaining the participants’ demographic and anthropometric data and their past medical history, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured using ELISA. Results A total of 1806 (means ±SD, 46± 14years old) rural subjects (35 % males and 65 % females) participated in this study. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency were 28 %, 50 %, and 22 %, respectively. The deficiency of vitamin D in women was higher than in men (OR=1.27, 95 % CI: 1.05 to 1.54, P=0.04). There was a positive significant correlation between age and serum vitamin D levels. Men with vitamin D deficiency had higher BMI (P=0.008); this association was not observed among women (P=0.7). There was no significant difference between the food item’s consumption frequencies, and vitamin D status (P>0.05). The mountainous, and plain areas had the highest and lowest vitamin D levels, respectively. Conclusions Although, Bushehr province is located in a sunny part of Iran, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high among its rural population. The shift of their lifestyle patterns and rapid industrialization in these rural areas may be responsible. Therefore, the enrichment of dietary sources with vitamin D and the use of vitamin D supplements are recommended to tackle the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension and its modifiable risk factors among rural population aged ≥13 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2718
Author(s):  
S. P. Singh ◽  
Chitra Rani Chauhan ◽  
Vijayshree Verma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Myocardial Infarctions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background: Hypertension is a silent physiological ailment leading to bizarre pathological complications. Every year, some 12 million fatal and 20 million nonfatal strokes and myocardial infarctions occur worldwide (WHO, 2002). Prevalence was noted between rural and urban parts of India 27.6% (23.2-32.0) and 33.8% (29.7-37.8).Methods: Study design community-based cross-sectional study. Sampling technique multistage random sampling technique was used to select representative sample from rural population of Kanpur.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in our study was found to be 21.27%, more among females 23.2% than males 19.7%. The results of logistic regression analysis with HTN status as dependent variable, to identify the effects of 6 risk factors (independent variables) for hypertension body mass index (BMI), grade of work, excess salt consumption, mental stress, smoking/chewing tobacco, alcohol intake. The odds ratio was 3.57 for the BMI with lower limit of 95% C.I. being 2.73, implying that it’s at least 2.73 times related to hypertension and odds of other risk factors shows that all the 6 risk factors related statistically. There was significant correlation was found between BMI, blood pressure (BP) and age. There was significance (p<0.01) of positive correlation BMI with both systolic and diastolic BP with correlation coefficient (0.395) was stronger than diastolic BP (0.301).   Conclusions: Overall prevalence of hypertension was 21.3%. Smoking, tobacco chewing increases the prevalence and Quantity of alcohol consumption were seemed to pose definite impact on mean systolic BP. BP levels increases steadily with increasing BMI and with decreasing level of physical activity (sedentary lifestyle).

scholarly journals 827. Does Patient Location (Rural or Urban) influence risk factors and incidence rate for 30-day readmission after gram positive pneumonia?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S455-S455
Author(s):  
Anthony Kunnumpurath ◽  
Neal Mehta ◽  
Shoaib Khan ◽  
Gilbert-roy Kamoga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Healthcare Research ◽  
Index Admission ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Urban Location ◽  
Rural Location ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background In the US, pneumonia is the most common cause of a hospital admission. Prior analysis has shown that nearly one in six patients will have an all-cause 30-day readmission. Given the disparities in access to healthcare between rural and urban settings, we sought to see if patient location influenced the incidence rate for 30-day readmission after treatment for Gram Positive Pneumonia. Methods We utilized Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality’s (AHRQ) 2014 Nationwide Readmission Database to identify index admissions with a principal diagnosis of Gram Positive Pneumonia (ICD-9 codes 482.3, 482.31, 482.32, and 482.39 for streptococcus and 482.40, 482.41, 482.42, and 482.49 for staphylococcus). The 2013 NCHS Urban-Rural Classification System was used to classify if originating from an urban or rural location. Applicable admissions were all adults (age &gt;= 18) from January 1 to November 30, 2014. Patients who died during index admission and those with missing covariates were excluded. All-cause readmissions within 30-days of an index admission were analyzed. Predictors for readmission were determined using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results A total of 8,130 patients met criteria for inclusion of which 1,631 (20.06%) were readmitted (all-cause) within 30-days. There was no statistically significant difference in readmission between patients from a rural (18.7%) or urban (20.4%) location. The statistically significant predictors for readmission for patients from a rural location were those admitted on a weekend (OR: 1.41, CI: 1.04-1.90), discharged to short term hospital (OR: 2.70, CI: 1.18-6.19) or AMA (OR: 6.53, CI: 1.46-29.10), and those with a LOS between 7 and 14 days (OR: 1.48, CI: 1.10-2.00). For patients from an urban location, statistically significant predictors were those admitted on a weekend (OR: 1.17, CI 1.02-1.34), discharged AMA (OR: 2.89, CI: 1.74-4.78), LOS between 7 and 14 days (OR: 1.19, CI: 1.03-1.37) and those with CKD (OR: 1.20, CI: 1.03-1.39). Conclusion The risk factors for readmission after Gram Positive Pneumonia for patients from a rural and urban location are similar. More research is needed to develop interventions for those who are at risk for readmission after Pneumonia to reduce future morbidity and mortality. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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